木材科学专业词汇解析

木材科学专业词汇木材加工Woodprocessing1、一般词汇GeneralTerms安全应力safestress暗色心材darkheart-wood；darkcorewood凹凸纹(理) (机械缺陷)raisedgrain扒钉(蚂蟥钉)double—headednail白腐whiterot白腐材whiterottenwood百万板尺MMBF百万立方米Mm3斑腐mottled rotpeckyfootboardmeasurementboardfootb.F.;立方英尺转换boardfoot-cubicfootconversion板英尺材积表boardfootvolumetable板英尺检尺board—footscaling板英尺量度board-footmeasure半成材shoplumber半环孔材semi—ringporouswood半活节partialIntergrownknot半具缘纹孔对semiborderedpit-pair半散孔材semi-diffuseporouswood半圆材half-roundwood半缘纹孔对haft-borderedpit-pair包复片wrappingfoil薄壁组织parenchyma被絮花纹quiltedfigure比例极限limit壁孔(纹孔)pit壁孔对(纹孔对)pitpair壁孔口(纹孔口)pitaperture壁孔膜(纹孔膜)pitmembrane壁孔腔(纹孔腔)pitcavity；pitmarginalrot边节edgeknot边缘纹孔marginalpit变色材stainingwood变形deformation标尺staff标准节standardknot标准考得apparentcord标准木typetree标准误差meanhole表面缺陷；明显缺陷opendefect波状纹理wavyfigure(orgrain)；fiddlebackgrain不规则纹理irregulargrain不合格率failurerate不健全节unsoundknot不均匀结构uneventexture不均匀纹理unevengrain部分轻度表层腐朽partialshallowdecay部分严重(深层)腐朽partialdeepdecay材积测定法volumedetermination材面节(疤)faceknot材性woodproperty材种grain侧翘(边弯)spring测径尺caliperrule测径直角尺(轮尺)calipersquare层积材laminate产品种类；产品目录productionprogram长节mule-ripewood承压应力bearingstress赤节redknot冲击剪切强度impactshearing力shockstress冲击硬度impacthardness充脂材resin—soakedwood；虫孔(虫眼)insecthole；wormgrub重纹孔；具缘纹孔borderedpit初腐dozy初期腐朽incipientdecay初期红心腐firmredheartrot初生材primarywood初shearingstrength垂直抗拉强度perpendiculartensilestrength纯应变purestrain次生木质部secondaryxylem次生韧皮部secondaryphloem粗材积gross心材brittleheart打号员(划线员)marker大板条largestrip大虫孔grub大幼树largesapling大圆材highpole;largepole带棱健全材square-edgeandsound(Sq.E.Sd.)带皮直径diameteroutside(over)bark带心材boxedhearttimberipefigureribbongrainpocketrotsimplepit单穿孔simpleperforation档木(集材弯道)sheerlog导管vessel (倒角)chamfers等级类别gradecategory等级区分gradeseparation等级应力；应力分类；应力分等gradestress地表直径groundlinediameter(GLD)modulusofsection断纹理；破折纹理brokengrain对角纹理diagonalgrain钝waneylumber多用途材versatilewood多脂材otswellingfatwood伐木废材loggingdebris法向应力normalstress翻木机logrotator防变色处理anti—staintreatment防裂扒钉anti—checkingcoating非规格材off-standard非破坏性试验non-destructivetesting废料banding蜂窝腐honeycomb(rot)蜂窝状纤维(木材缺陷)combgrain；quarteredwithoutflakes腐烂和腐朽decayandrot腐朽节rottenknot：decayedknot复合材compositewood复合成材compositelumber复节；丛节F.B.Mscale改性木improvedwood;modifiedwood干材stemwood干腐trunkbulkdensity干围girth干围级girthclass干围界限girthlimit干围率girthquotient干燥应力dryingstress杆材smallpole刚性模量rigiditymodulesfigure工作应力workingstress构架材carcassingtimber管胞tracheid管孔pore管状腐朽piperot规定尺寸deadsize规格材dimensionstock过熟材crystalliferouscell含水率moisturecontent含水率允许公差moisturetolerances函心材boxed—heart(timber)褐腐brownrot黑节blackknot横纹剪切shearperpendiculartothegrain横纹抗拉(极限)强度maximumtensilestrengthperpendicularto(the)grain横纹抗拉强度tensilestrengthperpendiculartothegrain横纹抗压强度compressionstrengthperpendicularto(the)grain横纹抗压试验compressiontestperpendiculartothegrain横纹拉力tension红变redstain宏观构造grossstructure后期腐朽advanceddecay厚度膨胀滑移slipping化学变色chemicalstain环钉ringdog环孔材ring-porouswoodliveknot;tightknot火焰纹flamefigure机加工性能machiningproperties机械磨损abrasion(mechanical)基本应力basicstress极限抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength极限抗弯强度ultimatebendingstrength极限强度ultimatestrength极限应力ultimatestress加工材manufacturedlumber夹皮barkpocket假年轮；伪年轮false(annual)ring；falseincrement假心材；伪心材falseheartwood尖节spikeknot尖削度taper；fall-off;tapering；taperingness坚实节fixedknot间柱材stud(ding)检尺杖scalestick剪切弹性模量shearmodulus剪切拉伸强度sheartensilestrength剪切破坏shearfailure剪切应力shearingstress剪grain节材nodalwood节子knot；knag结构特选级selectedstructure紧密节tightknot浸渍材impregnatedwooddiameterclassradialshakecrossshakecomb—grain净增率percentagenetgrowth锯齿状年轮indentedring卷曲花纹curlyfigure卷曲纹理curlygrain绝对termite-resistancetreatment抗剪刚度shearstiffness抗剪力shearresistance抗剪强度shearingstrengthshearresistancemaximumtensilestrengthtensileelasticity抗拉刚度tensilestiffness抗拉强度tensilestrength抗磨性abrasiveresistance抗扭刚度torsionalrigidity抗扭强度torsionalstrength抗劈力cleavageresistance抗劈性cleavabilityexuralstrengthbucklingresistancemaximumcrushingstrength坑腐pittedsaprot空节；节洞hollowknot枯梢树staghead块状腐朽cubicalrot扩基上端干围girthabovebuttress阔叶材树脂囊(油眼)gumpocket拉力试验机tensiletestingmachine拉伸试验tensiletest拉应力tensilestress蓝斑；蓝变bluestain蓝变材bluelumber梁材stringer两beamsstringergreenstainburlywildgrainverticillateorwhorleknot螺纹增厚spiralthickening螺旋纹理spiralgrain马蹄形防裂扒钉beegleiron毛边材unedgedlumber毛刺woollygrain毛刺沟痕torngrain密实木材densifiedwood磨科abrasive(=grindingmaterial)ticalconductivityofwoodbrashnessofwoodbrittlenessofwoodticityofwoodelasticpropertyofwoodswellingandshrinkingofwood木材的柔韧性pliabilityofwood木材电学性质electricitypropertyofwood木材分类woodingwooddistillationrigidityofwoodblackspot(inwood)木材解剖术；木材切片术xylotomy木材抗疲劳性fatigueofwood木材力学性质(木材机械性质)mechanicalpropertiesofwood木材流变学rheologyofwood木材密度specificgravityofwood木材耐磨性abrasionofwood木材挠性flexibilityofwood木材膨胀swellingofwood木材缺陷volumetricweight木材声响反射系数acousticreflectioncoefficientfwood木材声学性质acousticalpropertiesofwood木材实质比重(真比重)specificweightofwood木材实质密度densityofwoodsubstance木材水解woodhydrolysis木材塑性plasticpropertyofwood木材调温调湿设备woodconditioningapparatus木材透声性acousticalpermeabilityofwood木材凸起bulge(ofwood)木材凸纹burrfigureofwood木材物理性质physicalpropertyofwood木材吸音系数acousticabsorptioncoefficientofwood木射线slopeofgrain木纤维woodfiber木纤维素woodcellulose木质部xylem木质素lignin耐火木材refractorytimber耐久性试验endurancetest耐磨试验abrasivetest耐磨硬度abrasivehardness耐水性moistureresistance囊腐pocketrotincluded化(应力)reversecase-hardening年轮(生长轮)growthring；yearlyringincrement鸟眼(木材)birds'eye(wood)鸟眼纹bird'sfigure扭(力)矩torsionalmoment扭矩torque扭力rsionalforcetorsionalloadturningforcedistortiontwistedgraintorsionalstress膨胀压力swellingpressure皮包节encasedknot皮孔lenticelle；lenticel疲劳极限fatiguelimit疲劳强度fatiguestrength(resistance)疲劳试验durabilitytest偏向木swaywood偏心(年)轮eccentricring偏心(髓心偏离)wanderingheart；eccentricpith片(英)尺superfeet平衡含水率equilibriummoisturecontent(EMC)平均干围meangirth平均木；中央木meansample-tree破坏性试验break-downtest骑马钉C-iron千板尺MBFm千板尺原木=5.1m31MBFlog=5.1m3千平方尺MSF强度比strengthratio强度试验strengthtest强性能machinability侵染材affectedwood(timber)侵填体tylosis青变；蓝变bluesap-stain曲干材compass-timber屈服应力yieldstress去皮材barkedwood去皮原木buckskin去皮直径diameterinsidebark去脂材bledtimber缺陷材defectwood缺陷分级法defectsystem缺陷原木defectivelog染料木材dyewood热力学thermodynamics热膨胀thermalexpansion热容量thermalcapacity韧皮射线phloemray韧皮束phloembundle韧型木纤维libriformwoodfiber韧性值toughnessvalue容许应力permissiblelatexcelllaticiferouscellsoftrotdiffuseporouswoodhighgradestockuppergrowthupperstockdeepwormholeIntensiveprocessing(深1/8英aingrowthstressliveknotsoundknotacousticsolidtestingpiecetrialproductionexperimentingtrysuitablemoisturecontent受压木compressionwood疏松节looseknot熟材ripewood树杈crotch树杈纹crotchgrain(figure)瘤resinouscancerparalleltothegrain顺纹抗剪强度shearstrengthparalleltograin顺纹抗拉(极限)强度maximumtensilestrengthparallel-to-grain顺纹抗拉强度tensilestrengthparalleltograin顺纹抗压(极限)强度maximumcompressionstrengthparallelto(the)grain度compressionstrengthparalleltograin；endwisetensilestrength；crushingstrengthalongthegrain丝状腐朽stringyrot撕裂纹torngrain死节deadknot；encasedknot；non-adheringknot松散纹理loosenedgrain塑(性)变(形)plasticdeformation髓节pithknot弹性极限应力stressofelasticitylimit统材(包括中等以下的阔叶材及一般的针叶材)common(s)桶材tubbing头木basaltrunk椭圆节ovalknot弯边softformingedge弯矩momentofflexure弯抗强度bucklingbucklinglimitbentwoodcompassendingstressbucklingstressbucklingload晚材(夏材)latewood(summerwood)晚材率latewoodpercentage；percentoflatewood未成熟材immaturewood未成熟心材imperfectheartwood纹孔道pitcanal纹孔膜pitmembrane纹孔内口innerpitaperture纹孔塞pittorus纹孔室；纹孔腔pitchamber纹孔缘pitborder纹理方向graindirection涡卷纹swirlgrain握钉力abilitynailholdingpowercapacityclearwoodnonporedmembrane细波花纹fiddlebackfigure(grain)细结构finetexture细结构材fine-texturewood细纹材fiber-saturationpoint纤维应力fiberstress弦面纹理slashfigure(grain)弦切面纹理flatgrain显微构造microscopicstructure显微解剖micro-dissection相对含水oisturecontentcasewoodwrackwastelumbermaterialshotscantlingssmalldimensionstockundersizedtreelowpole斜边原木bevel-edgedlog斜纹抗压强度compressionstrengthinclinedto(the)grain斜纹理tcheckheartshake新伐材freshly-felledtimber(wood)形成层cambium(pl.cambia)胸高干围girthbreastheight(GBH)胸高直径diameterbreast-high(D.B.H.)熊抓纹wildgrainbearscratches朽节rottenknotompactwoodcompressedwoodcompressivestresscrushingstress羊毛状纹理woollygraintprimequalityfirstgradetimberheterogeneousraytissuesilvergrain(figure)引火木材spunk隐