专四英语语法考点串讲1023

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑——专四英语语法考点串讲1023

may(might)aswell...(不妨...)，donothing/anything/everythingbut(except)等习惯用法中带“to〞的不定式：Ihavenochoice/alternative/optionbuttogiveintoherpower.

Onlyto表示出乎意料的不愉快的结果Hegotthereinahurryonlytofindthetraingone.Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Sb.issaid/believedtohavedonesth.

Thebankisreportedtohavebeenrobbedyesterday.分词

分词独立结构一般分词作状语时，它的规律主语应是句子的主语，但有时分词的规律主语是其它的名/代词，n./pron.+分词的结构就是独立（主格）结构。

Anewtechniquehavingbeenworkedout,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20%.Weatherpermitting,wewillgoouting.

Agricultureisthecountry?schiefsourceofwealth,wheatbeingbyfarthebiggestcerealcrop.

III.虚拟语气考点：

Itis(high/about/the)timethat…句型中动词用过去式“早该做。。。〞Iwouldrather/would(just)assoon/wouldsoonerthatyoudid/haddonesth.所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式“我宁愿你。。。〞

Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示猛烈的愿望省略if/whether时，从句中需要倒装，助动词(系动词）或情态动词提前。Haditnotbeenfor=butfor…//Homeishome,beiteversohomely.错综时间的虚拟

WouldyoubesurprisedifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?

Was/were+tohavedone,but?不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做〞后面寻常+butIwastohavearrivedhomeontime,butmycarwasheldupbyabadtrafficjam.

hadhoped表示过去未实现的愿望，其从句中谓语动词要用虚拟would+V。

IV.情态动词

考点：情态动词的完成时态

needn?thavedone表示过去本不必做的事情，结果做了

26

Musthavedone对过去事情的确定猜测

could&may/mighthavedone表示对过去事情的可能性的推测should(oughtto)havedone过去本该做某事willhavedone表示将来完成时

V.倒装[主句的主语和谓语倒装]

带否定意义的副词置于句首时LittledoIknowaboutthemeaningofthisproverb.含有否定词的介词短语在句首BynomeanswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.“Only+状语〞置于句首时的倒装

句首是neither，nor表示“也不〞时，主谓语需要倒装。

such/so?that句型中的倒装SoexcitedwasIthatIdidn’tknowwhattosay.as,though让步状语从句中倒装Intelligentas/thoughyouare,youshouldbemodest.

4|句子成分英语对应单词

附属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition

27

主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject补语complement主补subjectcomplement宾补objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial

就近原则principleofproximity虚拟语气subjunctivemood否定negation

否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation

倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion

直接引语directspeech