2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国卷1)及答案解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷1）及解析英 语第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)5A、B、C10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是C。WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A.WatchaTVprogram. B.Givetalk. C.Writeareport.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She’sgenerous. B.She’scurious. C.helpful.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30. B.At8:30. C.10:30Howdoesthewomangotowork?A.Bycar B.Onfoot C.Bybike.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Teacherandstudent. Doctorandpatient.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分。满分22.5分)5A、B、C55遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题Whatdoesthewomanregret?Givingupherresearch.Droppingoutofcollege.Changinghermajor.Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.Ecology. B.Education. C.Chemistry听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。Whatisthemam?A.Ahotelmanager. B.Atourguide. C.Adriver.Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?Lookingforsomelocalfoods.Showingheraroundtheseaside.Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Athome. C.Atrestaurant.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoaconcert. B.Visitafriend. C.extrahours.WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.Mike. B.Joan Catherine.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?TolookatanapartmentTodeliversomefurniture.Tohaveamealtogether.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor. B.Itsdesign. C.quality.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.It’sagoodsize. B.It’snewlypainted. C.adequatelyequipped.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Godowntown. B.Talkwithherfriend. C.payment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans. B.Newsreporters. Collegestudents.WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?Beforehelefthishometown.AfterhecametoAmerica.Whenhewas15yearsold.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.He’sproud. B.He’ssympathetic. C.grateful.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?Howeducationshapedhislife.Howhislanguageskillsimproved.Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.答案：1-5BCCBA 6-10BABCC 11-15ABAAC 16-20BCBCA第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)ABCD答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMailasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitalHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremakeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBikeTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safetylights.3文寻找对应即可。A“哪一个骑车游需要提前预定yourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear(在有效期和樱花消失前预约)”A。此题难点在于熟悉词汇（inadvancereserve）。D细节理解题。题目问“首都骑车游中你能做什么”，根据第三段内容中的“KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks（知识丰富的向导会给你讲关于总统、国会、纪念馆还有公园的最有趣的故事）”可知应选D选项“听有趣的故事”。D细节理解题。题目问“以下哪一个是夜间骑车游提供的”，根据第四段内容中的“Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights（所有骑行者装备反光背心和安全灯）”可知应选D选项。BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,I4,Finn,13.andJack,11WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains,“Ipay£5isforaportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood.Butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目)，SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpenses,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sFasterspecial,theycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests. B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning. D.Shehashadatightbudgetherfamily.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher. B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters. D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs. B.Providesomeadviceforreaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLessB.herlatestroleA选项虽然提到Susnna和uestmbrss家庭预算很紧张。C.withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder$5perfamilyaday.可知MattSusanna。C.SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,…SaveMoney这个节目是怎么来C项。D.but后的关键信息点sheisookingastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.D。CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwassillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,smalltightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuminCameroon(eightremainingSpeaker),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark)noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modern.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6000peopleatpresent?A.About6800 B.About3400C.About2400 D.About1200Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Newlanguageswillbecreated.People’slifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.B．hunter-gatherertimeswhentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200languagesbetweenthem.可是当时人少，但是语言很多。C.dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover,powerful。B.细节题。根据第三段Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisawere6000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知现在有3400种语言被少于6000人说。C.Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知增加的语言少消C。DWemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置lltrthyooutofstl.htsbdnsorthenvionmnt–ndourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing.CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）?Theteam'sdateonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.TheyfoundthatmoreondemandenvironmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology. D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.A根据第一段最后一句“That’sbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings.”可知，做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更多能源，对环ABCD根据第二段第一句“Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing.”可知，BabbittDwhytobecause。B根据第二段“Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s…beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.”可知，tablet便签是最新出现的，又因为第一段最后一句“That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings.”可知，新装置比旧装置消耗能源少，所以tablet消耗最少的能源，选BA“consumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronics”A，停止使用旧装置。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign–somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday? 36 coloristhekeytomakearoomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint. 37 ,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones. 38 .They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususedtoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofa,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisioninyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou’relookingforIfyou’reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwithIt’snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways解析：B上文中提到“你是否在寻找你意中的房间”并给出了几种选择。B选项承接了上句的问题，“无论你在寻找什么”并且引出了下句的答案“颜色是重要因素”A选项中的themdifferenttechniques和下文中的they指代内容相同。Dsmallchoice.Gmediumcolorchoice,mediumsmall的升级，后半句引出下文的两种方式。FFsoittobesure.第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完型填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)ABCD入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41 theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto 42 afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t43 enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwoundbelearningfromoneofthegame’s46.Icouldhardlywaitto47him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim:hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50 theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51 whatwewouldinclasstoourfutureprofessionsand52 toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53 andlearnlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54 .TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe55 me:“Theabsolutemostimportant56 thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58 asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingand59 thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60 asajournalist.41.A.putforwarddownB.jumpedatC.triedout D.turned42.A.wasteB.earnC.save D.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.moved D.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbook D.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.held D.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.best D.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challenge D.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honor D.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clear D.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skip D.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.apply D.compare52.A.eventuallynormallyB.naturallyC.directly D.A.game B.presentation C.course experimentA.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situationA.taught B.wrote C.questioned promisedA.fact B.step C.manner D.skillA.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.commentsA.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.controlA.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluateA.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior解析：B.参加这次课程，jumpatB。A.提出B.急切地想要接受 C.尝试D.调小；婉拒C.offeringafreecourse选择省几块钱。A.浪费B.赚 C.节省 D.支付A我对于学分不感兴趣。A．兴奋的B.担心的C.感动的 D.累的DA．标题 B.竞争者 C.课本 D.指导者D领域最厉害的人学习。A．督促 B.要求 C.保持 D.意味着C.考察形容词做名词使用。The领域最厉害的人学习，thebest表示一类。A．最快的人B.最简单的人 C.最好的人 D.最罕见的人B.考察前后文联系。前文说老师很厉害，所以他迫不及待想见到他。A．面试 B.见到 C.挑战 D.打败D一份工作，而且这份工作对于他不是开玩笑。A.机会 B.资质 C.荣誉 D.工作C.make的动词搭配，makesthadj.让某事怎么样，it是后文我们的绩点很难拿到，表示他说的很清楚我们的绩点很难拿到。A.真正的B.完美的C.清楚的 D.可能的B.B。A.参加B.通过 C.跳过D.观察C.C。A.添加B.暴露C.应用，申请D.比较AandA。A.最终地B.自然地C.直接地D.正常地C.C。A.游戏B.陈述，表演 C.课程D.实验B.B。A.标准B.教室C.部门D.情况形势AA。A.教B.写C.质疑D.承若，保证DD。A.事实B.步骤C.方式D.技能B.B。A.年级B.决定 C.印象D.评论AA。A.分析B.描述 C.重建D.控制DD。A.宣布B.发信号 C.阻塞D.评估AA。A.角色B.渴望 C.关心D.行为第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles肌肉avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.longer由than可知此