大学英语四级考试试题

2004年6月大学英语四级考试一试题PartIListeningcomprehension（略）PartIIReadingComprehensionPassageOneAisforalwaysgettingtoworkontime.Bisforbeingextremelybusy.Cisfortheconscientious(勤勤奋恳的)wayyoudoyourjob.Youmaybeallthesethingsattheoffice,andmore.Butwhenitcomestogettingahead,expertssay,theABCsofbusinessshouldincludeaP,forpolitics,asinofficepolitics.DaleCarnegiesuggestedasmuchmorethan50yearsago:Hardworkalonedoesn'tensurecareeradvancement.Youhavetobeabletosellyourselfandyourideas,bothpubliclyandbehindthescenes.Yet,despitetheobviousrewardsofengaginginofficepolitics-abetterjob,araise,praise-manypeoplearestillunableorunwilling-to"playthegame.""Peopleassumethatofficepoliticsinvolvessomemanipulative(工于心计的)behavior,"saysDeborahComer,anassistantprofessorofmanagementatHofstraUniversity."Butpoliticsderivesfromtheword'polite'.Itcanmeanlobbyingandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful,oreventrying,topleaseyoursuperior,andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn."Infact,today,expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehaviorusedtopursueone'sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases,thisinvolvessomeformofsocializingwithintheofficeenvironment-notjustinlargecompanies,butinsmallworkplacesaswell."Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis,"saysNeilP.Lewis,amanagementpsychologist."Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It'ssimplehumannature."Yet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery奉迎),fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion."Officepolitics"(Line2,Para.4)isusedinthepassagetoreferto________.thecodeofbehaviorforcompanystaffthepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkerstheinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompanythevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareerTogetpromoted,onemustnotonlybecompetentbut_____.givehisbossagoodimpressionhonestandloyaltohiscompanygetalongwellwithhiscolleaguesavoidbeingtoooutstandingWhyaremanypeopleunwillingto"playthegame"(Line4,Para.5)?Theybelievethatdoingsoisimpractical.Theyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled.Theyarenotgoodatmanipulatingcolleagues.Theythinktheeffortwillgetthemnowhere.Theauthorconsidersofficepoeticstobe______.unwelcomeattheworkplacebadforinterpersonalrelationshipsindispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanycultureanimportantfactorforpersonaladvancementItistheauthor'sviewthat______.speakingupforoneselfispartofhumannatureself-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflatteryhardworkcontributesVerylittletoone'spromotionmanyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofflatteryPassageTwoAssoonasitwasrevealedthatareportertomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(Association,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstone.

forProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhow火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowning"TheConstitution,"saidtheassociation'sspokesman,"giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn'tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves.""Don'tyouthinkit'sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround?""TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuse(导火索)separatelyinadrawer.""Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody."Thespokesmansaid,"Hydrogenbombsdon'tkillpeople-peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they'regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin.""ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder(侵入者)""Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns."16.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto_______.blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebombcoordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweaponinstructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathomepromotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweapon17.SomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegroundsthat_______.thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinadrawermostpeopledon'tknowhowtohandletheweaponpeople'sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweapontheymayfallintothehandsofcriminals18.Bysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthatit_______.willfrightenawayanypossibleintruderscanshowthespecialstatusofitsownerswillthreatenthesafetyoftheownersaswellcankillthoseenteringothers'housesbyforceAccordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat_____.A)theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivilegedtoovercomepoorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseoftheweaponthewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensestremendouslythecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasisFromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris_________.doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafetyunhappywiththosewhovoteagainsttheownershipofH-bombsnotseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombsconcernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweaponsPassageThreeSignhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique-aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld'sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudetinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingfromhisclassroomteacher.

toteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseodd:amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyStokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混淆英语).ButStokoebelievedthe"handtalk"hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas"substandard".Stokoe'sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).Itis37yearslater.Stokoe-nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture-ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调理)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace."WhatIsaid,"Stokoeexplains,"isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff-it'sbrainstuff."Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe______.anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguageachallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguageanapproachtosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguageanattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguageThepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby______.afamousScholarinthestudyofthehumanbrainaleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalartsanEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeafsomeseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage________.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageisA)asubstandardlanguageC)anartificiallanguageB)agenuinelanguageD)aninternationallanguageMosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe'sideabecausetheythought_______.signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeoplesignlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyacceptedC)alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstandalanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsoundsStokoe'sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat______.signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguagesignlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguagelanguageisasystemofmeaningfulcodeslanguageisaproductofthebrainPassageFourItcameassomethingofasurprisewhenDiana,PrincessofWales,madeatripcoAngolain1997,tosupporttheRedCross'scampaignforatotalbanonallanti-personnellandmines.WithinhoursofarrivinginAngola,televisionscreensaroundtheworldwerefilledwithimagesofhercomfortingvictimsinjuredinexplosionscausedbylandmines."Iknewthestatistics,"shesaid."Butputtingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome;likewhenImetSandra,a13-year-oldgirlwhohadlostherleg,andpeoplelikeher."ThePrincessconcludedwithasimplemessage:"Wemuststoplandmines".Andsheusedeveryopportunityduringhervisittorepeatthismessage.But,backinLondon,herviewswerenotsharedbysomemembersoftheBritishgovernment,whichrefusedtosupportabanontheseweapons.AngrypoliticianslaunchedanattackonthePrincessinthepress.Theydescribedheras"veryill-informed"anda"loosecannon(乱放炮的人)ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidetheCriticisms:"Thisisadistraction(干扰)wedonotneed.AllI'mtryingtodoishelp."Oppositionparties,themediaandthepublicimmediatelyvoicedtheirsupportforthePrincess.Tomakemattersworseforthegovernment,itsoonemergedthatthePrincess'striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice,andthatshewasinfactverywellinformedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment'spolicyregardinglandmines.Theresultwasasevereembarrassmentforthegovernment.Totryandlimitthedamage,theForeignSecretary,MalcolmRifkidnd,claimedthatthePrincess'sviewsonlandmineswerenotverydifferentfromgovernmentpolicy,andthatitwas"workingtowards"aworldwideban.TheDefenseSecretary,MichaelPortillo,claimedthematterwas"amisinterpretationormisunderstanding."ForthePrincess,thetriptothiswar-torncountrywasanexcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuchdestructionandsufferinglandminescancause.Shesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain1997_______.tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandminestoclarifytheBritishgovernment'sstandonlandminestoinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictimstheretoestablishherimageasafriend'oflandminevictims27.WhatdidDianameanwhenshesaid"...puttingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome"(Line5,Para.1)?Shejustcouldn'tbeartomeetthelandminevictimsfacetoface.TheactualsituationinAngolamadeherfeellikegoingbackhome.Meetingthelandminevictimsinpersonmadeherbelievethestatistics.Seeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessofthesituation.SomemembersoftheBritishgovernmentcriticizedDianabecauseshewasill-informedofthegovernment'spolicytheywereactuallyopposedtobanninglandminesshehadnotconsultedthegovernmentbeforethevisittheybelievedthatshehadmisinterpretedthesituationinAngola29.HowdidDianarespondtothecriticisms?Shepaidnoattentiontothem.Shemademore:appearancesonTV.Shemetthe13-year-oldgirlasplanned.Sherosetoarguewithheropponents.WhatdidPrincessDianathinkofhervisittoAngola?IthadcausedembarrassmenttotheBritishgovernment.Ithadbroughtherclosertotheordinarypeople.Ithadgreatlypromotedherpopularity.IthadaffectedherrelationswiththeBritishgovernment.PartIIIVocabulary31.Iwentalongthinkingofnothing______,onlylookingatthingsaroundme.A)inparticularB)inharmonyC)indoubt32.Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisingoftheprograms.A)lessenedB)declinedC)affected33.Imustcongratulateyou______theexcellentdesignofthenewbridge.A)withB)ofC)

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building.D)projectedFormorethan20years,we'vebeensupportingeducationalprogramsthat______fromkindergartenstocolleges.A)moveB)shiftC)rangeD)spread36.The______atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.A)conventionB)confinementC)principleD)disciplin37.Thetestresultsarebeyond______;theyhavebeenrepeatedinlabsallovertheworld.A)negotiationB)conflictC)bargainD)dispute38.Iwasso______intoday'shistorylesson.Ididn’ttunderstandathing.A)amazedB)neglectedC)confusedD)amusedIt______youtoatleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.A)presentsB)entitlesC)creditsD)tipsDesertsandhighmountainshavealwaysbeena______tothemovementofpeoplefromplacetoplace.A)barrierB)fenceC)preventionD)jamInordertomakethingsconvenientforthepeople,thedepartmentisplanningtosetupsome______shopsintheresidentialarea.A)flowingB)driftingC)mobileD)unstable42.Mr.Smithsays:"Themediaareverygoodatsensingamoodandthen______it."A)overtakingB)enlargingC)wideningexaggerating

D)43.Thisisnotaneconomicalwaytogetmorewater;______,itisveryexpensive.A)ontheotherhandC)inshortB)onthecontraryD)orelseItwasthefirsttimethatsucha______hadtobetakenataBritishnuclearpowerstation.45.______thathewasn'thappywiththearrangements,Itriedtobookadifferenthotel.A)PerceivingC)PuzzlingB)PenetratingD)PreservingTheboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto______itsoperationstoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.A)multiplyC)expandB)lengthenD)stretch47.Hisbusiness,wasverysuccessful,butitwasatthe______ofhisfamilylife.A)consumptionB)creditC)exhaustionexpense48.Firstpublishedin1927,thechartsremainan______sourceforresearchers.A)identicalB)indispensableC)intelligentD)inevitable49.Joeisnotgoodatsports,butwhenit______mathematics,heisthebest

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D)tiredPartIVClozeHistorianstendtotellthesamejokewhentheyaredescribinghistoryeducationinAmerica.It'stheone61theteacherstandingintheschoolroomdoor62goodbyetostudentsforthesummerandcalling63.them,"Bytheway,wewonWorldWarII".Theproblemwiththejoke,ofcourse,isthatit's64funny.Therecentsurveyson65illiteracy(无知)arebeginningtonumb(令人震撼):ne