不定式做宾语补足语及练习

#不定式作宾语补足语的类型动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等：动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型：（下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语）一、许多动词可跟一个宾语+todo...构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+nottodo...”。例如：dosb/sthtodosthMybosstoldmetotypeouttwoletters.分析：句中“Myboss”做主语，“told”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Theyforbadehertoleavethecountry.Pleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+（not）todo.”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些动词可跟“宾语+tobe...”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.分析：句中“I”做主语，“consider”作谓语，“him”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Iknowhimtobealiar.Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.高中范围内，适用于，动词+宾语+tobe...”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。三、有些动词（感官动词和使动词）后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Hesawherentertheroom.分析：句中“He”做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Shewon'tletmedoit.Iheardherlockthedoor.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.高中范围内，适用于，动词+宾语+do...”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listento，lookat.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。请看下列句子，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如：Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.Shewasoftenhe3②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel二听：hear,listento三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat这类动词有：make,let,have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式（have没有被动语态）。Whatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她让他戒了烟。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。ardtosingthissong.四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to（美国人不加to时较多），但被动结构中要加to。例如：I'llhelpyou（to）pushthecart.分析：句中“I”做主语，“willhelp”作谓语，“you”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。上句的被动语态为：You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Heshoutedtometocomeover.分析：句中“He”做主语，“shouted”作谓语，“to”为介词，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子，句子的结构为'动词+介词+宾语+todo...”，划线部分为不定式，作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Idependonyoutodoit.Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.高中范围内，适用于“动词+介词+宾语+todo.”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shouttosb.todo，callonsb.todo，countonsb.todo，dependonsb.todo，waitforsb.todo等。六、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生，就需要用完成形式：HewasknowntohaveworkedfortheInternationalOlympicCommittee.分析：句中“He”做主语，“wasknown”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由句意可知，“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前，“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式，在句中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子。Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.七、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式：HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.分析：句中“He”做主语，“isbelieved”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况，故用不定式的进行形式，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。Thousandswerereportedtobeworkinginconcentrationcamps.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如：Sheissaidtohavebeendoingthisworkfortwentyyears.八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式：hedidn'twanthersontobetakenaway.分析：句中“She”做主语，“didn'twant”作谓语，“herson”作宾语，由于“herson”与“takeaway”之间为被动关系，故用被动形式，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。I'dlikethisroomtoberedecorated.Hedidn'twishthesubjecttobementionedintheletter.■练习：Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.（1988全国）growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrowTheteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.（2003北京）don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeMyadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.（2004北京）formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotakeThefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.（2004上海）A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused-IsBobstillperforming？-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.（2005江苏）A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleftThemotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.（2006上海）A.growB.grownC.togrowD.tohavegrownEnergydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.（2006上海）A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.tohavebeenmadeD.tobemaking答案：A2.D3.D4.C5.A6.A7.B（编辑：赵露）5There'saholeinyourbag.Iknow,I'mgoingtohaveit.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemendedThoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.IfoundthedoorwhenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvisedatonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctoryourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.HemanagedtomakehimselfwithhisEnglish.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenB.C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposingTheyaregoingtohavetheservicemananelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed6Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute.A.beingsettledtobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled16.YouwillseethisproductwhereveryougoA.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising17.Hisremarksleftmeabouthisrealpurpose.A.wonderedB.wonderC.towonderD.wondering18.WhenIcaughthimmeIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister,todayhewasmadebyhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry20.Didyouintendusthenewmethod?A.usingB.touseC.usingD.areusingTheteacherencouragedusgoodcompositions.A.WritingB.writtenC.towriteD.iswritingTheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoMrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadwentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepairedWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledWithtrees,flowersandgrasseverywhere,mynativetownhadtakenonanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted26.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwellcareof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking727.TheresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmadetothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown28.IcanmakeyouwhatIsay,butyoucan'tmakeyourselfinEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodCtounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood29.Hefoundthematatable.A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess30.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockedD.toleave;unlocking31.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled32.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.ductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through34.everything,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.A.As,buyingB.For,tobuyC.With,boughtD.Because,tobuy35.Don'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.（天津2004）A.runrunningC.beingrunD.torun36.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman___hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.puttobeputtingC.toputD.putting37.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.（重庆2004）A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry38.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.（北京2003）A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake39.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclear8warningsbeforefiringanyshots.(上海2003)A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued40.－Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?－I'dliketohavethispackage__,Madame.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed41.Fatherwillnot__ustousehisrecorders.A.haveB.letC.agreeD.allow42.Johnwasmade__thetruckforaweekaspunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing43.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay44.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade__.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning45.Seeingthesun__abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising46.Iwasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions__.AbeenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown47.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeattoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatDnoteating48.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn'tmakeherself.A.hearB.hearingC.tohearD.heardIfyougotoXi'an,you'llfindthepalacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly.A.supposingB.tosupposeC.supposedD.supposeIt'ssocoldtoday,wemustkeepthefire.A.toburnB.burningC.burnD.burntThemotherwasaskedletherchildrenTVeveryevening;A.notto;watchB.notto;towatchC.not;watchD.not;watching52.Theydidn'tobserveherinandgoupstairs.A.comeB.cameC.tocomeD.comingHowaboutthetwoofusawalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)9A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakingIhavehadmy