英语考试练习题（2022年版）

阅读理解专项练习PartOne:ReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetbyblackeningtheletter.Passage1Thesecretofbeingbornluckyisasummerbirthday,withMaybabiesmostlikelytoenjoyalifetime'sgoodfortune,accordingtoastudyofmorethan40,000people.Thetimeofyearatwhichyouarebornhasanenduringinfluenceonlevelsofoptimismandself-reportedluck,accordingtoaresearchbyBritishandSwedishscientists.Maywastheluckiestmonthinwhichtobebom,with50percentofthosebornthenconsideringthemselveslucky,whileOctoberwastheleastluckymonth,withjust43percentclaiminggoodfortune.Thefindingsaddtogrowingevidencethatthephenomenonofluckisnotalldowntochance,butisaffectedbyaperson'sgeneraldisposition.Otherresearchhasshownthatwhetherpeoplethinkthemselvesfortunatedependslessonobjectivesuccessthanonhavinga-glasshalf-fullIIor-half-emptyIIapproachtolife.—Whatweareseeingsuggeststhatsomethingisinfluencinghowpeopleperceivetheirluckiness.Myhypothesisisthatpeoplecreatetheirownluckbytraitssuchasoptimism,thatluckisapsychologicalphenomenonratherthanamatterofblindchance,IIsaidProfessorRichardWiseman,wholedtheresearch.Thepatternoftheresult,withthoseborninspringandinsummerreportingthemselvesluckierthanthoseborninautumnorwinter,couldhavetwopotentialexplanations,ProfessorWisemansaid.Accordingtothepassage,whetherpeoplethinkthemselvesluckyornotdependsonthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT.one'sobjectivesuccessone'sgeneraldispositionone'sattitudetolifeone'splaceofbirthAccordingtothepassage,thosewhowereborninregardthemselvesasthemostfortunate.A.MarchB.AprilC.MayD.OctoberWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Optimisticpeopletendtobeluckier.Devotedpeopletendtobeluckier.Objectivesuccessismoreimportantthanone'sgeneraldispositioninfeelinglucky.Peopledrinkingmorewatertendtobeluckier.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbebestreplacetheword-traitII(Line7,Para.2)?A.Quality.B.Expectation.C.Belief.D.IdeaWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.LuckisSomethingBorngetalongwithyourcolleagueswritereportstouppermanagementThemostimportantfactorforestablishingagoodworkingrelationshipwiththebossis*highexpectationsquickfeedbackfrequentcriticismeffectivecommunicationThebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.HowtoTakeCareOfYourBoss.HowtoGetAlongwithYourBossHowtoAcceptYourBoss'sCriticismPassage11ManychildrenusetheInternettogetusefulknowledgeandinformation,andtorelaxintheirfreetime.Butsomeofthemarenotusinginagoodway.HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeandhavefunontheInternet.MakerulesforInternetusewithyourparents.Forexample,whenyoucangoonline,forhowlongandwhatactivitiesyoucangoonline.Don'tgiveyourpasswordtoanyoneelse,andneverleakoutthefollowinginformation---yourrealname,homeaddress,age,school,phonenumberorotherpersonalinformation.Checkwithyourparentsbeforegivingoutacreditcardnumber.Neversendaphotoofyourselftosomeoneine-mailunlessyourparentssayit'sOK.Checkwithyourparentsbeforegoingintoachatroom.Differentchatroomshavedifferentrulesandattractdifferentkindsofpeople.Youandyourparentsmustmakesureit'sarightplaceforyou.NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumetontheInternetwithoutyourparent'spermission.Nevermeetanyoneyoumetonlinealone.Alwaysrememberthatpeopleonlinemaynotbewhotheysaytheyare.Treateveryoneonlineasstrangers.Ifsomethingyouseeorreadonlinemakesyouuncomfortable,leavethesite.Tellaparentorteacherrightaway.Treatotherpeopleasyou=dliketobetreated.Neverusebadlanguage.Remember一noteverythingyoureadontheInternetistrue.IfyouwantatruefriendontheInternet,youcan.tellthepeoplewhatyournameis.meetthepeopleonlinealone.writeane-mailaboutyourself.getyourparent'spermission.It'sgoodforchildrentoontheInternet.givepasswordtoothersgetusefulknowledgeandinformationgiveoutacreditcardnumbergointoachatroomasthey=dliketoTheunderlinedphrase—leakoutIIinthethirdparagraphmaymean—.A.giveawayB.leaveoutC.giveoutD.putawayIfyourparentsdon'tagree,never.readanythingontheInternetrelaxinyourfreetimehaveaface-tofacemeetingwithanyoneyoumetonlinetreatotherpeopleasyou'dliketobetreatedThispassageismainlyabout—II.A.HowtouseComputersB.SurfingontheInternetC.InformationontheInternetD.InternetSafetyRulesPassage12Moreandmorepeoplelikebicyclinganditisnosuiprise.Itisfun,healthyandgoodfortheenvironment.Maybethat'swhythereare1.4billionbicyclesandonly400millioncarsonroadsworldwidetoday.Bikescantakeyoualmostanywhere,andthereisnooilcost!Getonabicycleandridearoundyourneighborhood.Youmaydiscoversomethingnewallaroundyou.Stoppingandgettingoffabikeiseasierthanstoppingandgettingoutofyourcar.Youcanbiketoworkandbenefitfromtheenjoyableexercisewithoutpollutingtheenvironment.Youdon'tevenhavetoridealltheway.Foldingbikesworkwellforpeoplewhoridethetrain.Justfoldthebikeandtakeitwithyou.Youcandothesameonanaii*plane.Afoldingbikecanbepackedinasuitcase.Youcanalsotakeacommonbikewithyouwhenyoufly.Butbesuretolookforinformationbygettingonairlinewebsites.Notallairlinesarebicycle-friendlytotravelers.HealthBenefitsofBicycling:Ithelpstopreventheartdiseases.Ithelpstocontrolyourweight.A15-minutebikeridetoandfromworkthreetimesaweekburnsofffivekilosoffatinayear.Itcanimproveyourmood.Exerciselikebicyclinghasbeenshowntomakepeoplefeelbetter,morerelaxedandself-confident.Bicyclingishealthierthandriving.Fromthepassage,weknowthatbicyclingisbecomingvery.A.surprisingB.excitingC.expensiveD.popularWhenyouareridingyourbicyclearoundyourneighborhood,youmay.pollutetheenvironmentaroundfindsomethingyoudidn'tnoticegoeverywhereandusealittleoilgetoffyourbikeandbegintoworkIfyoutravelwithafoldingbike,youcanfolditand.A.getoutofthecarB.takeitontoatrainC.putitinyourpurseD.goonairlinewebsitesOneofthebenefitsfrombicyclingisthat.youcanfoldthebicycleC.youwillbemorerelaxedyouwillbefriendlytoothersyoucanfoldthebicycleC.youwillbemorerelaxedyouwillbefriendlytoothersD.youmaygetfatterandfatterBicyclingisenjoyableexerciseforpeople.Drivingcarsishealthierthanridingbikes.Ridingabikepollutesyourneighborhood.Commonbikesarewelcomedbyallairlines.Passage13ThefavoritefoodintheUnitedStatesishamburger.Thefavoriteplacetobuyahamburgerisafastfoodrestaurant.Atafastfoodrestaurant,peopleordertheirfood,waitafewminutes,andcarryittotheirtablesthemselves.Peoplealsotaketheirfoodoutoftherestaurantandeatitintheircarsorintheirhomes.Atsomefastfoodrestaurants,peoplecanordertheirfood,payforitandpickitupwithoutleavingtheircars.TherearemanykindsoffastfoodrestaurantsintheUnitedStates.Thegreatestinnumbersellhamburgers,Frenchfriesandsoon.TheyarepopularfoodamongAmericans.Besides,Italianfood,chicken,seafoodandice-creamareverypopular,too.Theideaofafastfoodrestaurantissopopularthatnearlyeverykindoffoodcanbefoundinone.FastfoodrestaurantsarepopularbecausetheyreflectAmericanlifestyle.Customerscanwearanytypeofdresswhentheygotoafastfoodplace.Second,theyarefast.Peoplewhoarebusydonotwanttospendtimepreparingtheirownfoodorwaitingwhilesomeonepreparesit.Infastfoodrestaurantsthefoodisusuallyreadybeforethecustomerevenordersit.Finallymostfoodinafastfoodrestaurantisnotexpensive.Thereforepeopleareabletobuyandeatatafastfoodrestaurantoften,whiletheymaynotbeabletogotoamoreexpensiverestaurantveryoften.1.HamburgersandFrenchfriescanbegotatthefastfoodrestaurants.A.someofB.mostofC.apartofD.allofWhatdopeopledowhentheycometoafastfoodrestaurant?Theyorderandeattheirfoodattherestaurant.Theybuyandtaketheirfoodoutandeatitintheircarsorintheirhomes.Theyorder,payforandgettheirfoodintheircars.Theydooneofthethreeabove-mentionedthings.WhydoAmericansliketogotofastfoodrestaurants?It'sbecausefastfoodrestaurantsarefast,informal,andinexpensive.It'sbecausepeoplecaneasilyfindfastfoodrestaurants.C・It'sbecausepeopleliketoeathamburgers.Ifsbecausefastfoodrestaurantssellnearlyeverykindoffood.Isthefoodinfastfoodrestaurantsalwaysreadybeforethecustomersorderit?A.Yes,itis.B.No,itisseldomready.C.Yes,itiscookedtoorder.D.No,notalways,butusually.Seafoodandice-creamareservedatallfastfoodrestaurants,aren'tthey?A.Certainly.B.Yes,theyare.C.No,atmanyofthem.D.No,onlyatfewofthem.Passage14Shortlyaftergraduation,itistimeforyoutostartthenextphaseofyourlife.Youwillbeginyourfirst"realjob."Generallyspeaking,mostofwhatyouhavelearnedinschoolwillnotprepareyouforthis.Thereisabigdifferencebetweenbeingastudentandbeinganemployee.Certainly,morewillbeexpectedofyou.Thebestcareer-relatedadviceIeverreceivedcamefrommyformerbossonmyfirstdayofwork.Shetoldmetolistenandobservebeforesuggestinganychanges.Itookthatadviceandhaveuseditinothersituations,bothinandoutoftheworkplace.Whileinnovationisagoodthing,itisimportanttobemindfulofdynamicsoftheworkplace.Ifyouareenteringanenvironmentwhereroutinesarealreadyinplace,anewcomerwalkinginandtalkingabout"betterways**todothings,willoftenbemetwithnegativereactions.Why?First,youknownothingaboutwhytheydothingsthewaytheydo.Second,youhaven'tgainedthetrustofyourco-workers.Finally,people,bynature,arethreatenedbychanges.Bylisteningandobserving,youwillgainalot.Youwilllearnabouttheenvironmentofwhichyouarenowapart.Youwillfindoutmoreaboutthepeopleyouareworkingwith.Youmaysaveyourselffrommakingamajor,publicmistake—youarethenewkidontheblockwhileyourco-workershavebeenaroundlonger.Youcanlearnfromtheircollectiveexperience.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage?It'snotsoeasytostartthenewphaseofyourlife.Muchlesswillbeexpectedofyou.Beinganemployeedoesnotdiffermuchfrombeingastudent.Whatyou'velearnedincollegewillbemorethanenoughforyoutocopeyourwork.Whatisthebestcareer-relatedsuggestionaccordingtotheauthor?Suggestingnewchangestoshowyourcreativetalents.Obeyingtheroutinesthatarealreadyinplace.Listeningandwatchingcarefullybeforemakingsuggestionsofanychange.People,bynature,alwayswelcomenewchanges.WhichisNOTthereasonwhyanewcomertalkingabout—betterwaysIIwillbemetwithnegativereactions?Thenewcomerhasn'twonenoughtrust.Thenewcomerdoesn'tunderstandmuchabouthisoldco-workers'waysofdoingthings.Thenewcomerusuallyposesathreattotheoldco-workers.People,bynature,alwaysregardchangesasakindofthreat.Bylisteningandobserving,youcan.changeapartoftheenvironmentyouworkinshowyourcreativetalentstoyourcolleaguespreventyourselffrommakinganymistakelearnthecollectiveexperiencefromyourco-workersThispassageisusefulinhelpingyou•tofindajobasquicklyaspossibletofindasatisfactoryfirst-realIIjobtogetpromotedsoontoleaveagoodimpressiononyourco-workersPassage15ThereisacommonlyheldmyththatEinsteinwasanunderachieveratschool,butitreallyisn'ttrue.Whilehemayhavehaddifficultieswithlanguages,Einsteinexcelledinphysics,mathematicsandmusic.Einsteinheldmanypatentsandwasakeeninventor.WhileworkingatSwisspatentofficeinBernhetookituponhimselftowritehisownscientificpapersinhissparetime,mostlyatweekendsandintheeveningsafterwork.1905wasEinstein'smiracleyear.Duringthisyearhewrotethreefundamentalpapers,anyofwhichwouldhaveguaranteedhimimmortalityintheworldofphysics.Hisfirstwasonanewunderstandingofthestructureoflight.Einsteinarguedthatlightiscomposedofsmallparticlesofenergy,calledphotons,aswellasoscillatingwaves.Thesecondpaperbuiltuponthetheoryofkinetics.Einsteinexplainedhowatomswereresponsibleforthebuffetingofparticlesofmaterialinsuspension,likecigarettesmokesuspendedinair.Thispaperpresentedthefirstdirectevidencefortheexistenceofatoms,vindicatinganideathathadbeenaroundforover2000years.Histhirdpaperof1905was—OntheElectrodynamicsofMovingBodiesII.HereEinsteinderivedthetheoryof—specialrelativityII.Inasupplementarypaperfourmonthslater,heformulatedthefamousequation,E=mc2,wheremassandenergyareequivalent,showingthataverysmallamountofmassconvertstoahugeamountofenergy.Thisisthedrivingforcebehindatomicbombs,andallthestarsintheUniverse.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Einstein.wasanunderachieveratschooldidn'tlikelearninglanguageswasextremelygoodatphysicsknewalittleaboutmusicWhatdoestheword-immortalityII(line4,Pa.2)meaninthepassage?A.Aneverlastingfame.B.Unendinglife.C.Endlessrichness.D.Humannature.WhateffectdidEinstein'ssecondpaperhave?Itexplainedhowlightwascomposedof.Itexplainedhowcigarettesmokesuspendedinair.Itprovideddirectevidencetoopposetheexistenceofatoms.Itprovedanideathatremainedunclearforover2000years.WhichtheorydidEinsteinputforwardinthethirdpapermentionedabove?A.Kinetics.B.Electrodynamics.C.Specialrelativity.D.Notmentioned.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtobestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetowardsEinstein?A.Skeptical.B.Critical.C.Admiring*D,Exaggerated4Passage16Manyayoungpersontellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,butIalsoexplainthatthere'sabigdifferencebetween—beingawriterII,andwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingofwealthandfame,notthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter.-You'vegottowanttowrite,II1saytothem,—notwanttobeawriter.IITherealityisthatwritingisalonely,privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortune,therearethousandsmorewhoselongingisneverrewarded.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheU.S.CoastGuardtobecomeafreelancewriter,Ihadnoprospectsatall.WhatIdidhavewasafriendwhofoundmeaplaceinaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn'tevenmatterthatitwascoldandhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtausedmanualtypewriterandfeltlikeagenuinewriter.Afterayearorso,however,Istillhadn'tgottenabreakandbegantodoubtmyself.Itwassohardtosellastorythatbarelymadeenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitforyears.Iwasn'tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewhodiewondering-whatifIwouldkeepputtingmydreamtothelasteventhoughitmeantlivingwithuncertaintyandfearoffailure.ThisistheShadowlandofhope,andanyonewithadreammustlearntolivethere.Thepassageismeantto.warnyoungpeopleofthehardshipsthatasuccessfulwriterhastoexperienceadviseyoungpeopletogiveuptheirideaofbecomingaprofessionalwritershowyoungpeopleit'sunrealisticforawritertopursuewealthandfameencourageyoungpeopletopursueawritingcareerWhatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?Genuinewritersoftenfindtheirworkinterestingandrewarding.Awriter'ssuccessdependsonluckratherthanoneffort.Famouswritersusuallyliveinpovertyandisolation.Thechancesforawritertobecomesuccessfularesmall.Whydidtheauthorbegintodoubthimselfafterthefirstyearofhiswritingcareer?Hewasn'tabletoproduceasinglebook.Hehadn'tseenachangeforthebetter.Hewasn'tabletohavearestfbrawholeyear.Hefoundhisdreamwouldnevercometrue.—...peoplewhodiewondering,whatifII(Para.3)refersto—thoseII.whothinktoomuchofthedarksideoflifewhoregretgivinguptheircareerhalfwaywhothinkalotwithoutmakingadecisionwhoarefullofimaginationevenupondeath—ShadowlandIIinthelastsentencerefersto.thewonderlandoneoftendreamsaboutthebrightfuturethatoneislookingforwardtothestateofuncertaintybeforeone'sfinalgoalisreachedaworldthatexistsonlyinone'simaginationPassage17Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionsisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithlifechangesanddailyhassles.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoffillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthlikely.Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresourcesandneededservices一thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause.theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc.theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationeratheyawakenpeople'sdesiretoexchangeresourcestheyareindispensabletopeople'ssocialwell-beingResearchshowsthatpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealth.dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroublesreliesonthesocialwelfaresystemswhichsupportthemhasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothersiscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlivesWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword-cushionsII(Para.2)?Laysthefoundationfor.Lessenstheeffectof.Addsupto.Doesawaywith.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexamplermationalsupportsocialcompanionshipinstrumentalsupportthestrengtheningofself-respectSocialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat.ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelativesitmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmoreenjoyableitenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakesitdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroublePassage18StudentscantravelintheUnitedStateswithoutspendingtoomuchmoneyiftheyfollowthesesuggestions.Atravelagentcangiveyouinformationonspecialeconomyfaresfortrains,busesandplanes.Thinkabouthikingorbikingforapartofyourtrip,too.You'llnotonlysavemoney,butyou'llalsoseealotmoreofthecountry.Somestudentsmaywanttotravelbycar.Besuretothinkaboutgoingwithotherstudents一manycollegeshave—rideboardsIIthatlistwhenandwhereotherstudentsplantotravel.Manyradiostationsprovidethesamesortofservice-theyannouncewho'sdrivingwhere,when,howmanyriderstheywilltakeandwhattheexpenseswillbe.Therearemanyinexpensive,olderhotelsnearbusortrainstations.Checkyourtravelguidefornamesofthebest.Manypartsofthecountryalsohaveyouthhostelswhereyoungpeoplecanstayforonlyafewdollarsanight.Youdon'thavetoeatinrestaurantsallthetime,butwedon'trecommendadietofcandyandcola,either.Youcanusuallygetahealthy,cheapbreakfastinarestaurant.Iftheweatheriswarm,youcanbuyfoodinsupermarketsoratroadsidestandsandhaveapicnicforlunch.Fordinneryoucangetthenamesofgood,cheaprestaurantsfromtravelguidesorfriends.Thepassagetellsstudents.howtomaketravelplanshowtogethelpwhiletravelinghowtouselessmoneywhiletravelinghowtochoosehotelsToseemoreofthecountry,you'dbettertravel.A.byplaneB.bybusC.bytrainD.bybikeIfyouwanttosharerideswithothers,youcangetinformation.ontheblackboardsinclassroomsfromschooladministratorsthroughcertainradioprogramsfromtravelagentsAccordingtothepassage,stayingatyouthhostelsis.A.cheapB.convenientC.comfortableD.enjoyableTosavemoney,youcan.havemorecandyandcolainviteyourfriendsforapicnictakesomefoodwithyoueatinrestaurantssometimesPassage19Throughoutherworkinglife,aship一likeamotorcar一mustbeservicedregularlyifsheistoremainefficient.Afteraperiodatseashemustbeoverallcheckedandanynecessaryrepairsmustbemade.Therearealsoinstanceswhenashipmustbeconvertedfrombeingonekindofcarriertoanother.Mostoftoday'soil,forexample,iscarriedbyhugesuper-tankers.Thesmallertankers,manyofwhicharestillingoodcondition,canbeconvertedintobulkcarriers（散货船）forthetransportofsugar,coalorore.Conversionorrepairworkiscarriedoutinadrydock,ahugeholecutintothegroundandlinedwithconcrete.Atoneendarelargegatesseparatingthedockfromtheriverorsea.Whenthesegatesareopened,waterpoursintothedockandfillsit.Ashipcanthenenterthedock,whereitiscarefullyfastenedinanuprightposition.Whentheshipispositionedinsidethedock,thegatesareclosedandthewaterispumpedout.Thevesselslowlysettlesontowoodenblocks.Woodensupportersareputinpositionbetweentheshipandthesidesofthedocktopreventherfromrollingover.Greatcareistakentomakesurethattheshiprestsevenlyonthekeel（龙骨）blockstopreventdamagebeingdone.Assoonastheshipisfirmlypositioned,repairorconversionworkcanbeginonherbodyorsuperstructure.Accordingtothepassage,inwhatwayisashiplikemotorcar?Itneedstoberepairedinadrydock.Itrequiresregularservice.Itcanbeconvertedintootherkindsofvehicle.Ithasalongworkinglife.Manysmallertankershavebeenconvertedintobulkcarriersbecause.thereisashortageofoilintheworldlargeamountsofsugar,coalandoreisneededintheworldmarketmostoftoday'soiliscarriedbyhugesuper-tankersmanyofthemarestillingoodconditionWecaninferthatadrydock.isbuiltbythewaterisbuiltfarfromthewaterisbuiltunderthewaterisfloatingonthewaterWhatdoyouthinkwillhappentoadrydockwhentherepairstoashiparecompleted?Thewaterispumpedintoitagain.Thegatesareopenedandthewaterpoursin.Itisfloatedouttosea.Itisconvertedtoanotherkindofdock.Accordingtothepassage,howisashipkeptuprightinadrydock?Itislinedwithconcrete.Itisplacedonkeelblocks.Itisfastenedtotheshore.Itissupportedwithpiecesofwood.Passage20CliffordStollranacomputersysteminBerkelely,California.Asasystemadministrator,hekeptacloseeyeontherecords.Oneday,Stollfoundsomethingstrangeinthepaymentrecord.Therewasa75centsmistake.Oneofthethousandsofusershadusedthesystemfor75worthoftimeandnotpaidfbrit.Itmightsoundlikeverylittlemoneytoworryabout.Butthat75centswasthefirstclueStollhadtoamuchbiggerproblem一thatahacker（黑客）hadbrokenintoStoll'scomputersystem.Whowasit?Stollspentthenextyeartryingtofindout.DuringthattimethehackerusedthesysteminBerkelelyasastartingpointtobreakintomilitarycomputersystemsallovertheUnitedStates.Stollhadtokeeptrackofthehacker'sactivitiesonthecomputerwithoutthehacker'sknowingsomeonewaswatchinghim.Stollevenmadeuphugefilesoffalseinformationsothehackerwouldhavelotstoread.Whenthehackerspentlongtimereading,thetelephonecompanywasabletotracethelines.Afterayear,thehackerwastracedbacktohiscomputer——inGermany.HewaslatercaughtbytheGermanpolice.Thepassageismainlyabout.howStollranhiscomputersystemhowahackerusedthecomputersystemwithoutpayingthemoneyhowahackerwastrackeddownbyStollhowthepolicecaughtahackerbysurpriseTheexpression-keepacloseeyeonIIinparagraph1mostprobablymeans.A.towatchcarefullyB.tonoticeunexpectedlyC.tostudycloselyD.toobserveatashortdistanceStollwasconcernedabouta75centsmistakebecause.everycentwasimportanttothecompanyitmightleadtoagreaterlossforthecompanyhewasafraidthecomputersystemmightbreakdownsomedayherealizedsomeonehadbrokenintothecomputersystemWhatdidStolldecidetodowhenhefoundtheproblem?Toreporttothepolice.Towarnthetelephonecompany.Totrackdownthehackerbyhimself.Toseewhatthehackerwoulddonext.WhydidStollmakeuphugefilesoffalseinformation?Hewantedtogivethehackeralesson.Itwouldhelpthetelephonecompanytracetheline.Itwouldgivethepolicemoretimetofindoutthehacker.Hecouldwatchthehacker'sactivitiesmoreclosely.词汇和语法专题(VocabularyandStructure)PartTwo:VocabularyandStructureDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetbyblackeningtheletter.Thereseemstobeanelectricalproblem.I'llgetsomeonetoit.A.lookoutB.lookintoC.lookuponD.lookatHisknowledgeofEnglishisforthejob,althoughheisnotfluentinthelanguage.A.adequateB.differentC.pleasantD.complicatedTravelersinsp