现在完成时讲解

语法课堂上一页现在完成时下一页主菜单(presentperfect

tense)现在完成时

主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系havebeen与havegone比较与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时：

表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词一般疑问句：have/has…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.1.现在完成时动词构成have/has+v过去分词助动词否定haven’thasn’t疑问Haveyou…?Hashe…?常与下列时间状语连用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连用。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。动词构成：have/has+v过去分词havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(现在我不饿)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpast现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时的时间状语◆常与①already,②never,③ever,④just,

⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks

⑩thesedays,

⑾since⑿foralongtime

连用上一页下一页主菜单

(1).for+表示一段时间的短语

(2).since+表示过去时间点的词语

(3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.Ihavebeenateacher______ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_______1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_______wecametothisschool.forsincesince现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在,不能是具体的过去时间。everjustalreadyyete.g.Haveyou_____beentoJapan?Ihave_____finishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomework______.

Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework____.B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.上一页下一页IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，sofar等时间状语连用。1.for

+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间2.since

+从句(一般过去时)

单词

词组

(表示过去某一时间的)时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+从句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?※短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--

beaway(from)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarried

be短暂性动词与时间段的关系

●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：①become,

②begin,③buy,④borrow,

⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,

⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一页下一页●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。主菜单

become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…，die→be

dead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）

leave→beaway(from…),下一页上一页主菜单

●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单

翻译练习：

1.我买了这块手表五年了。

2.这位老人已经死了十年了。

Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since

5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10

yearsago.WW下一页上一页主菜单

3.他已经回来三天了。

4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。

5.我离开家乡已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.

Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单不能说:

*Hehascome

toBeijingfor

two

years.*Hehasboughtthatbookfor

three

weeks.*HehasjoinedtheArmyforoneandahalfyears.*Hisgrandmahasdied

for

nine

months.*Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.可以说:HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Hehashadthatbookforthreeweeks.Hehasbeeninthearmyforoneandahalfyears.Hisgrandmahasbeen

deadforninemonths.Ihaven't

receivedhisletterforalmostamonth.或者说：ItistwoyearssincehecametoBeijing.Itisthreeweekssinceheboughtthatbook.ItisoneandahalfyearssincehejoinedtheArmy.Itisninemonthssincehisgrandmadied.havebeen与havegone的用法比较

havebeento意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？

IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。

ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单与一般过去时的用法比较一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。

上一页下一页主菜单3.现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：

Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)

我已经打扫过我的房间了。

Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)

我上周打扫了我的房间。

Fatherhas

gone

toAmoy.(HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.)爸爸已经去厦门了。

Theyhave

boughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)

他们买了一本字典。注意:

现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等)连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等)连用。Shehasalreadyfinishedherwork.她已经把工作做完了。Ihaven’treadthestoryyet.我还没读过这个故事。Haveyoumethimbefore?你从前曾见过他吗？Lilyhas

alwaysbeenagoodstudent.Lily一直是个好学生。比较：Ihaveseenhimthismorning.我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午)Isawhimthismorning.今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上)Ithasbeencoldthiswinter.今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天)

现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in1990，lastSunday等）。

一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：have/has+V过去分词四)Itis+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed

+since+句子(一般过去时)

Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页

第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”

“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。主菜单二．当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:

Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.

但since(自…以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.

Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜单三．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜单上一页现在完成时练习主菜单动词填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一页上一页主菜单选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一页上一页主菜单改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单改写句子1.Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather______just______________thebookshop.2.HebegantolearnChinesein2001.He____________Chinesesince2001.3.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_________________sincetwominutesago.4.Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.It’stwoyears______he________themotorbike.He________themotorbiketwoyears______.Twoyears____________sincehe______themotorbike.hasreturnedfromhaslearnedhasbeenon

sinceboughtboughtagohaspassedboughtThehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.

Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned

2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold

3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.

AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe

4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet

5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?

-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.

AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning

6.--Whenwilltheyleave?

---They______verysoon.

AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave

7--Washestudyingforanexam?

--Yes,he's____itlastweek.

AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive

8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth____round.AisBwouldCwasDwere

9.She_______suchaninterestingbookbefore.

AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread

10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting______

AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts

、翻译下列句子：

1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？

2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。

3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。

4.他已经吃过午饭了。

5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？

6.我哥哥还没回来。

7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。

8.自从1992年他住在这里。

9.这本字典我已买了三年了。

10.他离开中国三年了1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?

2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.

3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.

4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.

5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.

7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.

8Hehaslivedheresince1992.

9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.

10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.

1.A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?B:No,thanks._______________________(just/drinksometea)2.A:Iheardyoulostyourkey.__________________?(find)B:No,notyet.3.A:DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving?B:___________________.(already/leave)4a.Usethewordsinbracketstocompletetheconversations.I’vejustdrunksometeaHaveyoufounditHehasalreadyleftA:When_________________?(leave)B:Thismorning.4.A:Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight?B:No._________________________.(already/seethefilm)5.A:Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan?B:I ____________________.(not/tellthem/yet)didheleaveShehasalreadyseenthefilmhavenottoldthemyetSally _______(love)reading.Inthemorning,shereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.She_____already ______(read)morethan100differentbooks!Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimagine4b.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.loveshasreadwhattheworld _______(be)likein50years.She__________(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand_____________ (write)abookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe_____________(notread)yetandshecan’twaittoreadthem!willbefinishedwillwritehasnotread4c.Completethechartwithinformationaboutyouandafriend.A:Whatbookshaveyoualreadyread?B:I’vealreadyreadTomSawyerandHarryPotter.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthem?B:Well,IthinkHarryPotterwasexciting,butTomSawyerwasabitboring.YouYourfriendCommentsBooksIhavealreadyreadMoviesIhavealreadyseenSongsIhavealreadyheardPairWork1.I________heardofthatstorybefore.A.don’thaveB.nothaveC.havenotD.nottohave2.She’sneverbeentothatfactory,_________?A.issheB.wassheC.doessheD.hasshe3.Haveyoumadedumplings__________?No,Ihaven’t.A.justnowB.yesterdayC.agoD.before4.Tom________illsincelastnight.A.wasB.isC.hasbeenD.be5.Howlonghaveyou_________Nanjing?A.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wenttoCDDCCExercise6.HowmanytimeshasJim_______thatpark?Twice.A.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wentto7.I’ve______thisdictionaryforhalfayear.A.boughtB