医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题标准答案

Chapter1HumanBodyasaWholeMedicalthefollowingcombiningforms,theoftheinprovided.1.secretedfromtheadrenal2.inflammationoftheadrenal3.to4.to5.to6.to7.tocells8.to9.tomedicineofthelivingthing10.oflivingthing11.pertainingtooflivingthing12.of13.diseaseofheart14.of15.ofhumanfromglands16.pertainingtoof17.of18.bloodcell19.bloodcell20.lymphcell21.ofcell22.ofchemistryofcell23.ofbiologyof24.of25.of/

26.heof50.substancefromtheadrenalgland51.waterfromit52.of53.ofsystem54.ofcell55.lymphcells/

56.tumoroflymphatic57.oflymphaticsystem58.ofgrowth59.doctorofinternal60.byphysiological61.growth62.of63.abnormalofthe64.ofbetweenpsychologyandbiology65.ofoveractivitythethyroidgland66.ofunderactivitythethyroid67.ofthethyroidgland68.cuttingthehumanbodyabranchofsciences69.openthe70.totheheartopen71.pertainingto72.ofbloodvessel73.pertainingtolymphaticsystemthebloodvesselKeyto1.（embryoembryology2.3.4.(color)chromatin5.(secretion)endocrinology6.(cell)cytology7.thatproducesorisproduced)pathogen8.lymphatic9.(thestudyof)psychology10.(pertainingto)/

puttogether组

as叫做

jointsbones关节toofforthemusclesthatmove牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动

joint髋关节

flexible有韧性的

cushioning缓冲

replacedbybone骨化boneinrelationtotheother骨彼此靠近产生运动

contents物质nourishment营养物质waste废物

function发挥功能accumulate聚poisonthe危害生命neededmaterials有用的物质

distributes运送物of括对的

againstforeigninvaders防止外来侵袭（）receives吸收流经

forcedout送入channels管道喉管

接地filters滤trachea气右肺肺泡延伸到

大量的释放出down分解absorbedinto吸收进

chewing咀嚼

esophagus食管KeytoSectionBPassageB.1.systemconsistsofbones,2.(Heartisgeneratedkeepthebodyconstant.)3.circulationcarriesusefulallwhileremovingones.)4.andcarbondioxideisexhaledintheprocessofrespiration.)5.offoodinvolvesprocedures.)6.urinarysystemkeepsnormalofwaterofchemicalsinbody.)7.pituitaryisaglandtheintheofthehead.)8.braininformationandinstructionstoallof/

thebodybecarriedout.)9.ofthemalereproductivesystemtokeepmalesex10.(Thelargestofbodyorgans,thestructureofthebodywithalayer.)KeytoSectionAPassageE.1.cardiovascular2.functionofpituitary3.thetract4.molecules5.6.endocrinology7.dyspnea/difficultyinrespiration8.9.histology10.bloodcirculation11.12.physiology13.14.thefemale15.cells17./involuntarymuscle19.embryology20.psychologyB,2CellsTissues组（构）成

arrangedto构成

inareinto又进一步组成

specific有特定的

in记住

from源于billions亿万

确立

fiton合在一起

bycontrast相比之下machinary机构whilenormally在正常情况下

functionwithefficiency高效地发挥作用易于发生

in导致

millionth百万分之一equal等于

average一般

aspeckvisible基本上看不见的一个小点Thesciencethatdealswithonthesmalleststructuraliscalledbiology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。

livingjelly生囊

覆盖

done完成

以的semipermeable透性的

磷膜）

intact完整

distribute布

散

解

pinocytosis用/

breaks分裂出来

driftsinto进入

---范围内变化dependingon取决于through交织

消失twists交织穿过

stiffening增强剂

葡萄糖堆

appearto看来

playain对---起作用

细胞特性

条串

toothinlystrung过于稀疏球体状cavities孔穴

coordinates协调KeytoB1.cytologyprotoplasm3.cellmembrane4.cellnucleus5.cytoplasm7.8.biology9.10.differentiallytokeep…intact12.ontheevidenceof…

14.15.transactionblueprintchromosome18.pigmentwasteliquid21.impulse22.ribonucleicKeytoC1.细胞质的各处以及沿着胞浆网有数量很多的核糖体。2.位于细胞上的叫做“小穴”的小室收集化学信号，并把它们传送到细胞。3.研究细胞的科学家已经确立：一个细胞可能有一个网球那么大，也可能成千上万个细胞合在一起才有针尖那么大。4.对于那些单细胞的有机体而言，这种液体是题细胞以外的水，即海洋、湖泊或小溪；但对于多细胞的生物而言，这种媒介就是生物体的一部分——对于植物来讲是它的汁液，对于动物来讲是它的血液。Chapter2DiseasesDisordersMedicalfollowingforms,prefixesandwritetheofmedicaltermprovided.1.without2.lackofblood3.tooflacking/

4.pletea20.separationoffrom…21.crossofa22.machinewhichtheheartelectricwaves23.ofelectricwave24.ofofbrain25.withingroupofpeople26.in27.swallow28.of29.stateofsthbeforeitoccurs30.ofelectricof31.anofvessel32.anof（）33.themachinetheheartelectricwaves/

34.whichmeasuresthetime35.whichmeasuresthe36.ofX-rayphotograph37.ofultratotheofbody38.ofliver39.ofliver40.pertainingtoliverstomach41.ofcolon42.ofstomach43.ofintestine44.ofofthe45.x-rayphotosof46.surgicalreconstructionofbreasts47.foramountintothe48.fortemperatures49.forpressure50.of51.abnormalmind52.pertainingto53.pertainingtonerve54.pertainingto55.ofdiseases56.recorddiseases57.germsproducediseases58.tapeofcellthebodysystem59.ofthecellofbodydefensesystem60.surgicalrepairofbloodvessel61.surgicalrepairofbone62.surgicalrepairof63.statusofabeforeher/

64.theevent65.beforeitismature66.pertainingto67.of68.of69.whichdealswithxrayradioactive70.pertainingtoradioactivity71.examinebylistening72.canbacteriaandviruslooklargerenoughtobe73.whichusedtothebladder74.fortheamountofairintothelungs75.breathing76.havingtodothe77.examinebylistening78.chestpain79.ofthe80.ofdiseasesby(chemistry)81.ofdiseasesbyrayradioactiveagents82.ofdiseasesbyphysicalmeans83.ofsystem84.whichmeasuressugarinurine85.withthereproductiveorganandthetractKeytoSectionAExerciseB1.estine4.thelungspumonitis5.breastmammitisthethyroidthyroiditis7.vessellymphangitis8.vasculitis9.adrenalitis10.thebloodBPassageOne/

brief概论

印象fundamentals基础、原理thepicturenot这一概论就不完整thethestudydisorder现代对疾病的研究方法aspect面

a被定义为一种状态succumbto受制于

in反过来说

detect觉察swollenbloodvessel血管扩张

strikes侵袭

community社区runscourse病程短

without常常发作没有前兆发病慢

ailment（精神）病

causative病愿体airbornedroplets空气小粒

sneeze打喷嚏

produce导致adisease-producingorganism一个致病的有机体poorlyoperating神经系统工作不良

乱引发吸毒成性

Furthermore而且

gene基因工作状态不良

Geneticdisorders基因失调inbornerrorsof先天性代谢失调retardation智力发育迟缓

placestobreed繁衍的世界broadly广义地

wardoff阻止

性接触

cholera霍乱伤寒热

tainted腐烂的

屏障offer在很大程度上抵抗

Inminor在较轻的病例中withcells覆盖满了能分泌黏液的细胞

捕捉particles尘粒

likeafieldof象麦田里的小麦一样舞动matter异物

potential潜在的

thrive蓬勃繁殖assumeshigher达到高烧

蜡

flock群集在trytotheinfection使感染局部化

pus-filled脓块Unless如果不

drain排除

挡住

tender松柔的brought感染上传

侵袭

长期的

包括aof一种被称为

sites部位

linkwith相连

hookup粘和outof失去作用

byinactivating失去活性keyofharmful关键有害部分

butter表面涂上一些奶油makephagocytes让吞噬细胞更喜欢吞噬它们/

intermediate中间体

实施消灭

会有一个through咬穿

burst暴开

severalkinds若干themostplentifuland数量最多用途最多

nextplentiful数量次多adaptedto适合

atfirstof一有现

againstthe对付传染病involved涉及

触发

to准备繁殖notqualifiedtofightawideof不对付广普抗原的最好选择concentrates集中

sticksto粘连

switchedoff停止exampleofnegative消极反馈控制的例子KeytoExercise1.（每一个抗体由一条化学亚单（即氨基酸）的重链和一条轻链所构成。这条轻链上有特别的部位，氨基酸能使其补体和抗原子相连2.（某些情况下，通过调理素作用的过程，抗体在抗原表面涂抹上一些“奶油”，让吞噬细胞更喜欢吞噬它们3.（在另一些情况下，抗体和一个细菌抗原合上以后，却需要一个中间体补体来实施对该细胞的消灭。于是抗体和抗原的结合体随血液循环时，该结合体有一个补体附体4.（在第一天左右，血液中没有发现对付传染病的抗体。但是只是因为涉及抗体制造的基本细胞已被当前的抗原存在所触发而准备开始繁殖KeytoSectionBPassage11.impairproperfunction2.tocontaminateenvironment3.malfunction4.causative5.localizedinfection7.venerealantigenandantibodyB,2DiagnosisandPrognosis：clinical就诊过程thestagefora触使医生作出一个诊断isaccomplishedwith一个完整的诊断由病人的成standard标准

thepatient最好引用患者的自述statingtheofvisit陈述就诊的目的thedurationofthecomplaint病痛持续的时间/

thepatientainsteadofacomplaint可将患者的要求作为主诉involveds患者的其他保健医生

how轻重程度

Whatmakesorworse,pastmedicalcare

症状的好转或加重的影响因素药物成瘾

tonarrowdiagnosticpossibilities缩小诊断范围

habits有无thepatient患者可获得遇到getrecovered痊愈

Review顾

Prognosis预后

encountertowell病情好转

theforecastofprobable对病情可能的发展作出预测

discuss讨

toexpectfromclinicalcourseof在治疗过程中所期盼的resolve痊愈

reassuranceisallthatisneeded慰就行了agivenpatient定的病人

bedetermined要取决于awareofwillingnessdiscusstheprognosis意识到讨论预后与否取决于病的愿意conductedatfollow-upvisits最好在随访中进行高明的

the双方

Thebest最…融在一起throughthecomplicatedofacceptanceof度过身患致命疾病的震惊，否认，抑郁，和接受现实的复杂阶段扔下病人不管KeytoExerciseB

patient1.(Thesequestionwillthedoctorworkingadiagnosis,i.e.determineofan2.itisessentialforthetotellwhatdiseaseheisoffertodiscusswiththepatienttheprognosis.)patientistorecoverwithoutphysicalallthephysicianneedstodoistotakehimthathewillbesoon.)patientswanttoknowwhatevertoadoctorshouldknowwhethertothemtruthonpatients.)5.(Adoctordutytopatienttotheupthe/

patientadoctorcandototellwithself-confidenceandhelphimthroughthemostdifficultstepsofacceptanceoffact.)KeytoExerciseD1.gnosis7.of8.ultrasonography9.fiberoptictechnology11.hematopoieticsystemfollowactivity13.fatalillnessesnutritional15.bodyfluids16.tohighlightdetails17.18.electroencephalogram19.blood-starvedChapter3

MuscularSystemAfollowingforms,prefixesandwritetheofmedicaltermprovided.1.pertainingtoartery2.ofan3.studyof4.ofheadsinoftheupper5.hands6.totwo7.pertainingto8.ofpartsofthepleura9.pertainingtoacortex10.of11.of/

12.ofthe13.defectiveormetabolism14.ordifficulturination15.painful16.surgicalof17.surgicalexcisionofthe18.surgicalofofan19.ofblood20.unrestrainedoftheirprecusorsinthe21.ofcirculatingredblood22.pertainingtooutsideofeyevision23.inblood24.mature,fiber-formingcell25.pertainingtoreproduction26.reproducinggeneration27.anofforminga28.highbloodpressure29.insizeofanor30.ofintheblood31.havingabodytemperaturebelownormal32.lowblood33.ofnecessaryproperbloodin34.abnormalor35.function36.offormwithoutregardtofunction37.oforganisms38.withoutdefiniteform39.havingmorenuclei40.havingmorecells41.havingmoremolecules/

42.he66.surgicalof67.dealingwitharegionof68.ananatomistdealingbodyregion69.poisonoussubstance70.of/

71.diseases72.ofthreeinoftheupper73.cyclewithwheels74.fromone(person)to75.fromoneto76.orofpartoforganortissue77.defectiveormetabolism78.concernedwithnourishmentKeytoA1.artery2.shape。formmorphology3.4.poisontoxin5.6.musclemyopathy0.surgicalexcisionBPassageOne韧

throwing投掷

inthetochew腭部类

helphold…together把组合在一起makeapart占有很大比例greatlyin小差异很大dependingofjobthey据作用之不同相对的

thigh腿

直立rigid直

stiff保持强直bothways能同时作两动作

in对运动/

bendsajoint令关节弯曲

doestheopposite做相反的动作thefrontofupper上前臂pullitbacktoitsoriginal把它恢复到原位肌腹

firmer更结实voluntarymuscles随意肌undercontrolofourwillpower接受主观意愿的驱使over过firmly牢固地producesatjoint使关节运动附着点优点

pullingon拉动

附着点fleshy全是肌腹粗orfrictionbetweenthetendonthemovingofthe

resistanttorubbing对关节处活动的骨头有很强的抗磨能力characteristiccrossofthemusclefiberswhenvieweda显微镜下肌肉组织所呈现的横状条纹特色

arrangement排列

arrangedin成束排列Athroughastriatedmuscleshows在横纹肌的横截面上可surroundedbyconnective被肌纤维结缔组织包绕

消化道的内壁

现为viewedfrom在显微镜下willpower主观意志impulse电脉冲

branched交叉组合conducting传导

开始capableof控制size体积是因为

ofcontractions收缩的节奏

atbirth出生时…with分支出goingto分配到thenervesupplyto支配某块肌肉的神经

said称为

theflowofbloodto血液加速流向肌肉tolimb在肢体扎上throughacutofftheblood完全切断供血的情况下KeytoPassageExercise/

1.tein16.connectivetissue17.extensor18.willpower19.transverse20.pacemaker医学专业英语第一分册第四章Chapter4SkeletalSystemMedical1.ofjoint2.inajoint3.of4.pertainingto5.joint6.tojoinasajoint7.concernedwithofbone8.anyformofcorpuscles9.thatrisetoalymphocyte10.thereisinblood11.influids12.containingcalcium13.pertainingtocarpusor14.ofcarpusorofit15.wrist16.thatformscartilage17.in/

18.of19.pertainingtoribitscartilage20.cuttingriborcartilage21.surgicalexcisionofarib22.pertainingto23.examinationthe24.pertainingto25.pertainingtometaphysis26.pertainingtoesophagus27.28.ofcauseof29.pertainingtocausesdisease30.pertainingto31.hernia32.femurtibia33.ofstomach34.surgicaloforwholeofstomach35.pertainingto36.membraneous,pertainingtoinsideofmembrane37.withinstomach38.within39.bone40.41.boneorspinalcord42.newandabnormalformationofatumororgrowth43.newly-founddisease44.infant45.bone46.sesame47.a/

48.49.inorthopedics50.ofbone51.ina52.bywith53.thesideofthyroid54.55.56.ofonephalanges57.surgicalexcisionofoneormoretoes58.ofblood59.ofbloodcells60.oflymphocytes61.thatthrows62.itoccurs63.goforward。carry64.bonethe65./oribs,pertainingtosternumand66.67.calcic68.69.hyper+calci+uria,henceurinecalcium(高钙尿)70.pertainingto71.anyaffectingthetract72.pertainingtoorcolumn73.oforofit74.pertainingtoandribrib6.bone/

2.stomachgastritis7.sternum3.causeetiology8.calcemia4.9.formation5.femaleestrogen10.jointarthritisBPassageOneTheSkeletalSystem抓握

挤压震动

framework支架

performs行使

形成apoint提供了附着点

pelvic骨盆

actingas象杆杠一样作用

Mineral储存矿物质

be分布

ondemand需要时Bloodcellproduction造血onthebasisshape按形状结构上的

inimmaturestages不成熟的variable数量不一

for因为受力位

平均分配

equal几乎相当of