英语人教版新目标八年级下册知识unit

【英语】八年级下册全梳理（Unit3Whatwereyou ngwhentheUFOarrived）知barber

形析：barber（理发师）shop（商店）义析：theshopinwhichpeoplegettheirhaircutThisisanewbarber【词析】音析：a读［］字母组合th读［，oo读作［形析：bath（沐浴）+room（房间）义析：aroomusedfortakingabathorThebathroomisveryroom的复合词很多,例如classroom教室;dining room餐厅;waitingroom候诊室,候车室;bedroom卧室;sittingroom起【词析】音析：字母组合ar读作［］,er读［形析：bar（酒吧）+b+-er（……人）义析：amanwhocutsThisbarberismy1)动词词尾+-er→名词(动作执行者),例如 getout出去;形析：get（到达）+out（外面）义析：goout,goawayShewillgetoutoftheshowerout的短语很多,例如:takebringout拿出,lookout当心,goout出去beout在外面outofworkoutoforder出毛病,outofbreath.【词析】音析：land为闭音节词,字母a读作[ 形析：形近词lend（借给）义析：tomakeanedowntothe【典句】Thenewilllandatland还可作名词,意为“陆地”Hecomesfromafarawayland.takeoff起飞形析：take（拿）+off（脱离）义析：goawayfromtheearthintheair【典句】Thenewilltakeoffattake的固定短语有takedown取下 takealook看一takeaction采取行 takeaway拿takecareof照顾;照 takeexercise运takeiteasy慢慢 takeone’sce替takeoff脱 takeone’stime从容,慢慢行takepartin参 taketurns轮takece发 takeup占【词析】音析：ex读作［Ｉks］,第二个e读作［义析：knowledgeorskillsthataregivenfromngthingsorHehasnotenoughexperienceforthe【拓展】 PleaselusyourexperiencesinYesterdayafternoonFrankHawkinswaslingmeabouthisexperiencesasayoung昨天下午,克·给我讲述他年轻时的经历。2)experience作不可数名词时,解释为“经验”。例如：Experienceisveryimportantforteaching.音析：闭音节词,i读作[Ｉ]。形析：kind（种类）义析：makeyfullysb.orbelievesth.whichisnotYou’rekid还可用作名词,意为“小孩”trainstation形析：train（火车）station（车站）义析：theceinwhichatrainstopThetrainstationwasbuiltlastrunaway逃跑;形析：run（跑）away（离开义析：goawayquickly,especiallyfromabadHeranaway(r)形析：any（任何）+where（什么地方）义析：to,in,oratanyIt’stoolatetogowhere的合成副词还有:everywhere各处,处处;somewhere某处,在某处;nowhere无处,到处都无【词析】音析：a发[]音,e在轻读音节中读作［形析：hap+pen（钢笔）义析：takeAfunnythinghappenedinthesubwaytakece和takece一般指按计划发生【词析】音析：a读作[],注意两个c字母的不同发音,不要发成一个音。义析：athingwedon’thopetohappenTheaccidenthappenedoutsidemyhearabout形析：hear（听见）about（关于）义析：getinformationfromothers’talkIhaveneverheardabout我从未听他hearabouthearhearabout意为“听说”,后跟所听到的作宾语音析：重读开音节词,i发本音［aＩ］,字母e在轻读音节中读作［义析：noneofnoiseorsoundTheyworkedin【词析】音析：oy在词尾发［］,重音在第二个音节。形析：de-（分离）+stroy（story）义析：breakandmakeitnotThefiredestroyedallmy【词析】音析：ea读作［］,ing读作［义析：somethingthatisexpressedbyWhat’sthemeaningofthis【词析】音析：e读作［］,o读［形析：here（在这里）义析 whois【典句】ThefootballyerwasPaul’sherowhenhewasat【拓展】以字母o结尾的名词,由单数变复数时,有的在词尾加-s,有的加-es。例如: SectionA2bThegirlwasshopwhenshesawthealiengetout.那个看见外星人走出来时,她正在买东西。【巧解句构】这是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句,其中主句部分是过去进行时态,【要点剖析】1)短语seesb.dosth.“看见做了某事”,此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语2)getout意为“出来”when和whenwhile都表示“当……时候”,但它们有区别WhenIcamehome,mywifewascookingwhile后面跟的动作延续,是延续动词,所以常常跟过去进行时的句子。例如:Whilehewaseating,Iaskedhimtolendme$2.SectionA1.Youcanimaginehowstrangeititwas则是一个感叹句,意为“多么地奇妙”。感叹句的基本用法:感叹句用来表示说话人的感情,whathow引起,how①What+a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+What形容词+名词复数+主语+:Whatagoodidea(itis)!这主意真好！Whatdeliciousfish!Whatniceflowerstheyare)!Howcolditisoutside!2.Ifollowedittoseewhereitwasgoing,andIwasverysurprisedwhenitwentintoasouvenir【巧解句构】这是一个由andtoseewhereitwasgoing是follow的目的状语,即“跟着它”的目的是“看它要去哪儿”,see后面when引导的时间状语从句,Iwasverysurprised,表示“当……时,我很吃惊”。【要点剖析】1)句中的wasgoing表示将要去”。在英语中表示趋向意义的动词,如:come,go,fly,arrive等,往往用进行时态表达将要发生的事情。2)gointo表示“进入……里”【巧解句构】这句话使用了否定疑问句的语序,但其意并非询问,而是感叹,相当于ThatisSectionBWhileLindawasbuyinganewspaperatthetrainstation,thedoggotoutofhisboxandrandoggetoutofhisboxrunaway,由and连接,使用的都是一般过去时,表示在1)getoutof意为“从……出来”2)runaway表示“逃跑,跑掉”WhenLindashoutedhisname,somepeoplelookedatherbutDavydidn’t达喊它的名字时,一些人看着她但没有来but连lookatlookat意为“看”,Whileshewastalkingon ephone,Davymetanotherdogoutsidethe当她正在 进行时,met是短暂性动词。【要点剖析】talkon ephone意为“ 交谈”,介词on在此表“通过;凭借”IthinkmydogfoundyourIthink用一般现在时,指说话人此刻的看法;从mydogfoundyourdog用一般过去时,指该事情发生在过去,即“我的狗找到了你的狗”是一lookfor和lookfor意为“寻找”,SelfItwasdifficulttogetoutof起床是很的it为形式主语,todosth.是真正的主语,It+be+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.英语中,为了保持句子的平衡,动词不定式作主语时,常采用这一结构。it是形式主语,不可用其他代词替代,DoyourememberwhatyouwereAlthoughsomepeoplemaynotrememberwhomurderedhim,theyrememberwhattheywerengwhentheyheardabouttheevent.尽管有些人可能不会记得是谁谋杀了他,但他们记得当他们听说这件事的时候,语从句中包含一个宾语从句whomurderedhim,remember的宾语。主句中同样含有一个remember的宾语从句,what一直到句尾,whentheyheardabouttheevent,表示“尽管……,但他们记得当他们听说这件事的时候,他们正在做什么”。【要点剖析】although“尽管;虽然”,是引导让步状语从句的连接词。如果英语句子中用了连although,but,yet。【拓展延伸】英语中当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,从句部分应用陈述句语序,即“主句+特殊Ourteacheraskedustostopwhatwewerengand【巧解句构】这句话使用了asksb.todosth.的结构,意为“要做某事”。该句的askedusand连接的不定式,tostopwhatwewereng（stop后带宾语从句）,另一个是(to)listen。即先“停下来”,再“听”。Schoolclosedfortheday,andRobertandhisfriendswalkedhometogetherinand1)walkhome=gohomeonfoot表示“步行回家”2)insilence意为“沉默地,无声地”However,inmorerecenttimes,mostAmericansrememberwhattheywerengwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.然而,在较近的时候,大多数人都记得当纽约的世界贸易中心被分子摧毁时,他们有一个两层的复合结构:remember的宾语从句,what一直到句尾;when引导的时间状语从句,并且这个时间状语从句使用了语态（谓语动词wasdestroyed）,表示“……当纽约的世界贸易中心被分子摧毁时……”。【拓展延伸】在英语句子中,当主语是动作的承受者时,通常用结构,其谓语构成为:be+过去分词。在结构中,动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。Notalleventsinhistoryareasterribleasthis,of【巧解句构】此句表达一种不完全否定的含义。英语中当否定词not与both,every,all,everybody等词同时出现在句中时,只表示部分否定,意思是“并非……”。例如:Noteveryonecanswiminourclass.2)ofcourse意为“当然”,certainly连用的时间状语有,atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week...),at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday...),whensb.didsth.等时间状语从句。例如:IwasngmyatthistimeTheywerewaitingforyouyesterday.Whatwereyoungat pmIwascookingwhensheknockedatthe构成肯定形式:主语+was/were+v.否定形式:主语+wasnotwasn’t)/werenotweren’t)+v. 例如Theyweretalkingaboutthefilmateighto’clocklastnight.Theyweren’ttalkingaboutthefilmateighto’clocklastnight.Weretheytalkingaboutthefilmateighto’clocklastnight?Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.whenwhen后通常用表示暂短性的动词,while后通常用表示持续性的动词,因此它所引导的WhenIcamehomemymotherwascookingdinner.Whilemymotherwascookingdinner,Icamewhen用作并列连词时,主句常用进行时态,从句则用一般过去时,Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledwhen作并列连词,表示“（这时）突然”时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when引导的IwastakingawalkwhenImetWewereyingoutsidewhenitbeganto(一)Talkingaboutpasteventswhen和while引导的时间状语从句。Whatwas/were...ngWhatwereyoungwhenyourteachercame当老师进来时,在做什么WhatwasyoursisterngwhenyouwokeWhatwere ngwhenyousawWewerereadingwhenthebellJimwaswatchingTVwhenIcalledhim.当我给打时,他正在看电视。Whilehewasreading,theephone Whilewewereeating,theyarrived.(二)Asking1)当我们询问对方或第三者与前面说话内容相同的情况时,Howabout...?“Whatabout...?例如—Howare—Fine,thankyou.Whatabout—I’mfortyyearsoldthisyear.Howabout40岁,—I’mfortysix.46—Whatwere ngatteno’clocklast10—Iwasslee.Whatabout— ng Howabout...?还可以用来向对方提出建议或征求对方的意见,后接名词或动名词形式HowaboutacupofHowaboutwatchingTV?E-mailEmail首先要写明收件人(To)的电子邮箱,就像内容的概括E-mail时,写信人的电子邮箱一般不需填写,因为我们在接收电子接下来写电子邮的具体内容这和普通件一样。上角写收信人的及称呼,式信件中称呼后用冒号,写给比较熟悉的人时用逗号,通常都可在及称呼前加“dea”,如DarXao,Darroeorag。正从称呼一行写起,一段可顶格写,可空一个词的位置,但从第二段起,必须空一个词。最后写结束语和署名,可以写在右下方,也可紧靠左边写,结束语第一个字母要大写,结束语之后必须加逗号,例如ourorsfafuoursncrey等,,时,-al【任务导入】假设你是刘林( ),想给你的英国朋友杰克 时,正在等你。早晨8:00,乘公共汽车去公园,11:30回来。玩得很开心。【常用词汇】when,takeTSubject:MySundayLifeDearJack,Howareyou?LastSunday,myclassmatesandIwenttothepark.WhenIgottotheschoolgate,myclassmateswerewaitingforme.Wetookabustotheparkataround8:00.Wehadapartyandclimbedthehilltogether.Whenwegottothetop,wecouldseehowbeautifulourhometownwas.Weshoutedandjumped.Whatagoodtimewehad!Whenwegothome,itwasalreadyeleveno’clock.Wefeltverytired.Wewouldneverforget

例1TheBlacks attablewhenIwentA.is B.were C.was

Liu 此题考查时态的区别。when引导的是表示过去时间的状语从句,句子意思是went这一动作发生时,theBlacks正在做什么,所以用过去进行时。答案误区警示theBlacks意为“一家人或夫妇二人”,是复数,因此不能错选成C。深化升华当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时同时发生时,用过去进行时表示较长的动例2(2010南通模拟)Myfatherwasreadingthenewspaper 思路解析: 由句意可知应为时间状语从句,though引导让步状语从句,首先排除C。when“当……时候”,表一点或一段时间。heheardaloudshoutoutside为短暂性动作。答案误区警示本题的误区是:while,as和when三个连词的区别,而误选A或Bwhile,aswhen都表示“当……时”,但有所区别。while表一段时间,3(2010黄冈模拟)NotallteachersagreethatspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternetisgoodforstudents. B.Lots 思路解析 few表否定意义,“几乎没有”;lotsofmany“许多”;some“一些”。本题的误区是:notall理解成完全否定“所有的都不”,A深化升华理解并掌握表数量的形容词的含义。掌握英语中的不完全否定即all,everything,everyone,both等词与否定词连用,表部分否定,而不是全部否定,翻译成“并不都、例4(2010盐城模拟)Maryruns ofallthegirlsinherschoolandshewonthe100-metreracelastmonth. 思路解析: 对副词词义的考查:根据后面的句子shewonthe100metreracelast答案掌握副词的基本意义:fast“快”;slow“慢”;near“近,不远”;high“高”。5阅读理解(2010重庆模拟Lastsummer,15-year-oldBobhadaproblem.Likealotofchildren,Bobwasinterestedinngmanythings.Helikeddancingmostandwantedtojoinadancinggroup.ButBob’shighschooldidn’thaveaboys’dancinggroupbutagirls’group.Hetriedtojointhegirls’group.Andhemadeit.Bobthoughthisproblemwasoverafterhehadbeenoneofthedancersinthedancinggroup.Butabiggerproblemwasjustbeginning.Theschooldidn’tallowBobtostayinthegirls’group.“IfweletBobstayinthegroup,”theschoolsaid,“otherboyswillwanttojoin.Soon,therewon’tbeanygirlsinthegroup.”TheytookBoboffthegroup.Bobwasveryangryaboutit,sohewenttoajudge().ThejudgesaiditwasnotarightdecisionandtoldtheschooltoletBobgobacktothedancinggroup.Bob’sfavoritewas ItwasdifficultforBobtojointheschooldancinggroupbecause theschoolonlyhadagirls’dancingtheschooldidn’tallowboystothegrouphadenoughdancershewasnotagoodTheschoolworriedthat ifBobstayedinthenobodywouldwatchtheirotherboyswouldj