演讲稿TED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果

TED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果TED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果觉肥是永远的课题，一些人为了减肥绞尽脑汁。节食，跑步，做瑜伽似乎成为了减肥的必修课在美国，80%的女孩在她们10岁的时候便开始节食。神经学家SandraAamodt结合自己的亲身经历，讲述大脑是如何控制我们的身体的。节食减肥为何没效果？来听听她的说法吧!接下来由为大家推荐TED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果，希望对你有所帮助！ted演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果(英语)Threeandahalfyearsago,Imadeoneofthebestdecisionsofmylife.AsmyNewYearsresolution,Igaveupdieting,stoppedworryingaboutmyweight,andlearnedtoeatmindfully.NowIeatwheneverImhungry,andIvelost10pounds.Thiswasmeatage13,whenIstartedmyfirstdiet.Ilookatthatpicturenow,andIthink,youdidnotneedadiet,youneededafashionconsult.(Laughter)ButIthoughtIneededtoloseweight,andwhenIgaineditback,ofcourseIblamedmyself.Andforthenextthreedecades,Iwasonandoffvariousdiets.NomatterwhatItried,theweightIdlostalwayscameback.Imsuremanyofyouknowthefeeling.Asaneuroscientist,Iwondered,whyisthissohard?Obviously,howmuchyouweighdependsonhowmuchyoueatandhowmuchenergyTED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果youburn.Whatmostpeopledontrealizeisthathungerandenergyusearecontrolledbythebrain,mostlywithoutyourawareness.Yourbraindoesalotofitsworkbehindthescenes,andthatisagoodthing,becauseyourconsciousmind--howdoweputthispolitely?--itseasilydistracted.Itsgoodthatyoudonthavetoremembertobreathewhenyougetcaughtupinamovie.Youdontforgethowtowalkbecauseyourethinkingaboutwhattohavefordinner.Yourbrainalsohasitsownsenseofwhatyoushouldweigh,nomatterwhatyouconsciouslybelieve.Thisiscalledyoursetpoint,butthatsamisleadingterm,becauseitsactuallyarangeofabout10or15pounds.Youcanuselifestylechoicestomoveyourweightupanddownwithinthatrange,butitsmuch,muchhardertostayoutsideofit.Thehypothalamus,thepartofthebrainthatregulatesbodyweight,therearemorethanadozenchemicalsignalsinthebrainthattellyourbodytogainweight,morethananotherdozenthattellyourbodytoloseit,andthesystemworkslikeathermostat,respondingtosignalsfromthebodybyadjustinghunger,activityandmetabolism,tokeepyourweightstableasconditionschange.Thatswhatathermostatdoes,right?Itkeepsthetemperatureinyourhousethesameastheweatherchangesoutside.Nowyoucantrytochangethetemperatureinyourhousebyopeningawindowinthewinter,butthatsnotgoingtochangethesettingonthethermostat,whichwillrespondbykickingonthefurnacetowarmtheTED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果placebackup.Yourbrainworksexactlythesameway,respondingtoweightlossbyusingpowerfultoolstopushyourbodybacktowhatitconsidersnormal.Ifyoulosealotofweight,yourbrainreactsasifyouwerestarving,andwhetheryoustartedoutfatorthin,yourbrainsresponseisexactlythesame.Wewouldlovetothinkthatyourbraincouldtellwhetheryouneedtoloseweightornot,butitcant.Ifyoudolosealotofweight,youbecomehungry,andyourmusclesburnlessenergy.Dr.RudyLeibelofColumbiaUniversityhasfoundthatpeoplewhohavelost10percentoftheirbodyweightburn250to400calorieslessbecausetheirmetabolismissuppressed.Thatsalotoffood.Thismeansthatasuccessfuldietermusteatthismuchlessforeverthansomeoneofthesameweightwhohasalwaysbeenthin.Fromanevolutionaryperspective,yourbodysresistancetoweightlossmakessense.Whenfoodwasscarce,ourancestorssurvivaldependedonconservingenergy,andregainingtheweightwhenfoodwasavailablewouldhaveprotectedthemagainstthenextshortage.Overthecourseofhumanhistory,starvationhasbeenamuchbiggerproblemthanovereating.Thismayexplainaverysadfact:Setpointscangoup,buttheyrarelygodown.Now,ifyourmotherevermentionedthatlifeisnotfair,thisisthekindofthingshewastalkingabout.(Laughter)Successfuldietingdoesntloweryoursetpoint.EvenafteryouvekepttheTED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果weightoffforaslongassevenyears,yourbrainkeepstryingtomakeyougainitback.Ifthatweightlosshadbeenduetoalongfamine,thatwouldbeasensibleresponse.Inourmodernworldofdrive-thruburgers,itsnotworkingoutsowellformanyofus.ThatdifferencebetweenourancestralpastandourabundantpresentisthereasonthatDr.YoniFreedhoffoftheUniversityofOttawawouldliketotakesomeofhispatientsbacktoatimewhenfoodwaslessavailable,anditsalsothereasonthatchangingthefoodenvironmentisreallygoingtobethemosteffectivesolutiontoobesity.Sadly,atemporaryweightgaincanbecomepermanent.Ifyoustayatahighweightfortoolong,probablyamatterofyearsformostofus,yourbrainmaydecidethatthatsthenewnormal.Psychologistsclassifyeatersintotwogroups,thosewhorelyontheirhungerandthosewhotrytocontroltheireatingthroughwillpower,likemostdieters.Letscallthemintuitiveeatersandcontrolledeaters.Theinterestingthingisthatintuitiveeatersarelesslikelytobeoverweight,andtheyspendlesstimethinkingaboutfood.Controlledeatersaremorevulnerabletoovereatinginresponsetoadvertising,super-sizing,andtheall-you-can-eatbuffet.Andasmallindulgence,likeeatingonescoopoficecream,ismorelikelytoleadtoafoodbingeincontrolledeaters.ChildrenareespeciallyvulnerabletothiscycleofdietingandthenTED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果binging.Severallong-termstudieshaveshownthatgirlswhodietintheirearlyteenageyearsarethreetimesmorelikelytobecomeoverweightfiveyearslater,eveniftheystartedatanormalweight,andallofthesestudiesfoundthatthesamefactorsthatpredictedweightgainalsopredictedthedevelopmentofeatingdisorders.Theotherfactor,bytheway,thoseofyouwhoareparents,wasbeingteasedbyfamilymembersabouttheirweight.Sodontdothat.(Laughter)Ileftalmostallmygraphsathome,butIcouldntresistthrowinginjustthisone,becauseImageek,andthatshowIroll.(Laughter)Thisisastudythatlookedattheriskofdeathovera14-yearperiodbasedonfourhealthyhabits:eatingenoughfruitsandvegetables,exercisethreetimesaweek,notsmoking,anddrinkinginmoderation.Letsstartbylookingatthenormalweightpeopleinthestudy.Theheightofthebarsistheriskofdeath,andthosezero,one,two,three,fournumbersonthehorizontalaxisarethenumberofthosehealthyhabitsthatagivenpersonhad.Andasyoudexpect,thehealthierthelifestyle,thelesslikelypeopleweretodieduringthestudy.Nowletslookatwhathappensinoverweightpeople.Theonesthathadnohealthyhabitshadahigherriskofdeath.Addingjustonehealthyhabitpullsoverweightpeoplebackintothenormalrange.Forobesepeoplewithnohealthyhabits,theriskisveryTED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果high,seventimeshigherthanthehealthiestgroupsinthestudy.Butahealthylifestylehelpsobesepeopletoo.Infact,ifyoulookonlyatthegroupwithallfourhealthyhabits,youcanseethatweightmakesverylittledifference.Youcantakecontrolofyourhealthbytakingcontrolofyourlifestyle,evenIfyoucantloseweightandkeepitoff.Dietsdonthaveverymuchreliability.Fiveyearsafteradiet,mostpeoplehaveregainedtheweight.Fortypercentofthemhavegainedevenmore.Ifyouthinkaboutthis,thetypicaloutcomeofdietingisthatyouremorelikelytogainweightinthelongrunthantoloseit.IfIveconvincedyouthatdietingmightbeaproblem,thenextquestionis,whatdoyoudoaboutit?Andmyanswer,inaword,ismindfulness.Imnotsayingyouneedtolearntomeditateortakeupyoga.Imtalkingaboutmindfuleating:learningtounderstandyourbodyssignalssothatyoueatwhenyourehungryandstopwhenyourefull,becausealotofweightgainboilsdowntoeatingwhenyourenothungry.Howdoyoudoit?Giveyourselfpermissiontoeatasmuchasyouwant,andthenworkonfiguringoutwhatmakesyourbodyfeelgood.Sitdowntoregularmealswithoutdistractions.Thinkabouthowyourbodyfeelswhenyoustarttoeatandwhenyoustop,andletyourhungerdecidewhenyoushouldbedone.Ittookaboutayearformetolearnthis,butitsreallybeenworthit.IamsomuchmorerelaxedaroundfoodthanIhaveeverbeeninmylife.Ioftendontthinkaboutit.IforgetwehaveTED演讲：为什么节食减肥没有效果chocolateinthehouse.Itslikealienshavetakenovermybrain.Itsjustcompletelydifferent.Ishouldsaythatthisapproachtoeatingprobablywontmakeyouloseweightunlessyouofteneatwhenyourenothungry,butdoctorsdontknowofanyapproachthatmakessignificantweightlossinalotofpeople,andthatiswhyalotofpeoplearenowfocusingonpreventingweightgaininsteadofpromotingweightloss.Letsfaceit:Ifdietsworked,wedallbethinalready.(Laughter)Whydowekeepdoingthesamethingandexpectingdifferentresults?Dietsmayseemharmless,buttheyactuallydoalotofcollateralda