气象专业英语词汇

主题词表EnglishChinese01.大气atmosphericscience大气科学meteorology气象学theoreticalmeteorology理论气象学mesometeorology中尺度气象学micrometeorology微气象学physicalmeteorology物理气象学atmosphere大气evolutionofatmosphere大气演化atmosphericimpurity大气杂质atmosphericsuspendedmatter大气悬浮物atmosphericdiffusion大气扩散atmosphericcomposition大气成分atmosphericion大气离子atmosphericmass大气质量airquality大气品位atmosphericdensity大气密度atmosphericsubdivision大气分层homosphere均质层heterosphere非均质层homopause均质层顶significantlevel特性层standard[pressure]level原则层isothermallayer等温层loweratmosphere低层大气middleatmosphere中层大气upperatmosphere高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stratosphere平流层stratopause平流层顶mesosphere中间层mesopause中间层顶thermosphere热层exosphere外[逸]层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere磁层magnetopause磁层顶chemosphere光化层chemopause光化层顶ozonosphere臭氧层freeatmosphere自由大气planetaryatmosphere行星大气standardatmosphere(referenceatmosphere)原则大气（参照大气）homogeneousatmosphere均质大气isothermalatmosphere等温大气polytropicatmosphere多元大气scaleheight大气标高meteorologicalelement气象要素airtemperature气温wet-bulbtemperature湿球温度dry-bulbtemperature干球温度temperatureprofile温度廓线atmosphericpressure气压standardatmospherepressure原则大气压stationpressure本站气压sea-levelpressure海平面气压pressuregradient气压梯度barometricheightformula压高公式pressuregradientforce气压梯度力Coriolisforce科里奥利力watervapor水[蒸]汽transferofwatervapor水汽输送watervaporprofile水汽廓线watervaporpressure水汽压humidity湿度relativehumidity相对湿度absolutehumidity绝对湿度specifichumidity比湿mixingratio混合比dewpoint[temperature]露点(温度)depressionofthedewpoint（温度）露点差super-saturatedair过饱和空气saturationspecifichumidity饱和比湿saturationvaporpressure饱和水汽压psychrometricformula测湿公式saturationdeficit饱和差internationalcloudatlas国际云图cloud云lowcloud低云middlecloud中云highcloud高云cloudbase云底cloudtop云顶cloudceiling云幂cloudamount云量totalcloudcover总云量cloudwithverticaldevelopment直展云cloudheight云高cloudgenera云属cloudetage云族cloudspecies云种cloudvariety云类cloudform云状cirrus,Ci卷云cirrusfibratus,Cifib毛卷云cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云cirrusuncinus,Ciunc钩卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷层云cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷层云cirrostratusnebulosus,Csneb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云altocumulus,Ac高积云altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高积云altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高积云altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen荚状高积云altocumuluscumulogenitus,Accug积云性高积云altocumulusfloccus絮状高积云altocumuluscastellanus,Accas堡状高积云altostratus,As高层云altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高层云altostratusopacus,Asop蔽光高层云cumulus,Cu积云cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展积云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云cumuluscongestus,Cucon浓积云cumulonimbus,Cb积雨云cumulonimbuscalvus,Cbcal秃积雨云cumulonimbuscapillatus,Cbcap鬃积雨云stratocumulus,Sc层积云stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr透光层积云stratocumulusopacus,Scop蔽光层积云stratocumuluscumulogenitus,Sccug积云性层积云stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas堡状层积云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen荚状层积云stratus,St层云stratusfractus,Stfra碎层云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云stratiformcloud层状云cumuliformcloud积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaoticsky混乱天空coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云watercloud水云hailcloud[冰]雹云wind风winddirection风向windspeed,windvelocity风速maximumwindspeed最大风速extremewindspeed极大风速windspeedprofile风速廓线horizontalwindvector水平风矢量windforce风力windforcescale风级Beaufort[wind]scale蒲福风级calm0级风lightair1级风lightbreeze2级风gentlebreeze3级风moderatebreeze4级风freshbreeze5级风strongbreeze6级风neargale7级风gale8级风stronggale9级风storm10级风violentstorm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风localwind地方性风surfacewind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valleybreeze山谷风sea-landbreeze海陆风on-shorewind向岸风off-shorewind离岸风gorgewind峡谷风slopewind坡风glacierbreeze冰川风drainagewind流泄风visibility能见度effectivevisibility有效能见度visualrangeoflight灯光能见距离surfacevisibility地面能见度horizontalvisibility水平能见度verticalvisibility垂直能见度slantvisibility倾斜能见度meteor大气现象weatherphenomenon天气现象clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blueofthesky天空蓝度apparentformofthesky天穹形状stateofground地面状态skycondition天空状况precipitation降水amountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水强度showeryprecipitation阵性降水convectiveprecipitation对流性降水non-convectiveprecipitation非对流性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨rainvirga雨幡raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfall[amount]雨量continuousprecipitation持续性降水intermittentprecipitation间歇性降水showeryrain阵雨freezingrain冻雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm,duststorm沙[尘]暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾hazealoft高空霾dust浮尘blowingsand高吹沙driftingsand低吹沙dew露frost霜frostpoint霜点firstfrost初霜latestfrost终霜tornado龙卷dustdevil尘卷风squall飑snow雪snowvirga雪幡sleet雨夹雪showerysnow阵雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴drivensnow吹雪driftingsnow低吹雪blowingsnow高吹雪snowcover积雪snowfall[amount]雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing积冰wireicing电线积冰hail冰雹hailstone雹块icepellet冰丸thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷阵雨orographicthunderstorm地形雷暴thunderstormcell雷暴单体atmospherics天电lightning闪电lightningchannel闪电通道forkedlightning叉状闪电sheetlightning片状闪电balllightning球状闪电streaklightning条状闪电pearl-necklacelightning串珠状闪电fog雾mist轻雾wetfog湿雾seafog海雾icefog冰雾frontalfog锋面雾advectionfog平流雾radiationfog辐射雾advection-radiationfog平流辐射雾mixingfog混合雾evaporationfog蒸发雾supercooledfog过冷却雾groundfog地面雾upslopefog上坡雾air-massfog气团雾tropicalairfog热带气团雾rime雾凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照时数durationofpossiblesunshine可照时数02.大气探测atmosphericsoundingandobserving大气探测meteorologicalobservation气象观测synopticobservation天气观测synoptichour天气观测时间principalsynopticobservation基本天气观测intermediatesynopticobservation辅助天气观测surfaceobservation地面观测visualobservation目测backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染观测fieldobservation外场观测conventionalobservation常规观测non-conventionalobservation非常规观测shipobservation船舶观测fixedpointobservation定点观测space-basedobservation空基观测ground-basedobservation地基观测mountainobservation山地观测sounding探空upperairobservation高空观测auxiliaryshipobservation,ASO辅助船舶观测aircraftsounding飞机探测rocketsounding火箭探测radiosounding无线电探空captiveballoonsounding系留气球探测pilotballoonobservation测风气球观测radiowindobservation无线电测风观测standardtimeofobservation原则观测时间actualtimeofobservation实际观测时间observationalfrequency观测次数observationalerror观测误差supplementaryobservation补充观测autographicrecords自记记录surfacedata地面资料upperairdata高空资料barometerlevel气压表高度pressurereduction气压换算barometriccorrection气压订正internationalsynopticcode国际[天气]电码networkofmeteorologicalstation气象台站网observationsite观测场meteorologicalplatform气象观测平台oceanweatherstation海洋气象站fixedshipstation固定船舶站mobileshipstation移动船舶站mountainobservationstation高山[观]测站automaticmeteorologicalstation自动气象站meteorologicalinstrument气象仪器screen,instrumentshelter百叶箱thermometer温度表telethermometer遥测温度表thermograph温度计geothermometer地温表surfacegeothermometer地面温度表anglegeothermometer曲管地温表tube-typedgeothermometer直管地温表grassthermometer草温表maximumthermometer最高温度表minimumthermometer最低温度表mercurythermometer水银温度表Lyman-αhygrometer莱曼-α湿度表bimetallicthermograph双金属片温度计barograph气压计aneroidbarograph空盒气压计mountainbarograph高山气压计barometer气压表aneroidbarometer空盒气压表ship-barometer船用气压表mountainbarometer高山气压表pressurealtimeter气压测高表normalbarometer原则气压表nationalstandardbarometer国标气压表regionalstandardbarometer区域原则气压表absolutestandardbarometer绝对原则气压表microbarograph微压计mercurybarometer水银气压表Fortinbarometer福丁气压表Kewpatternbarometer寇乌气压表hygrograph湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer干湿表aspiratedpsychrometer通风干湿表standardaspiratedpsychrometer原则通风干湿表whirlingpsychrometer,slingpsychrometer手摇干湿表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-pointhygrometer露点湿度表hairhygrometer毛发湿度表hairhygrograph毛发湿度计blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulbthermometer干球温度表wet-bulbthermometer湿球温度表sunshinerecorder日照计Jordansunshinerecorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokessunshinerecorder康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer直接辐射表pyranometer总辐射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空辐射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer净辐射表pilot-balloonplottingboard测风绘图板hail-rainseparator雹雨分离器evaporograph蒸发计evaporationpan小型蒸发器evaporationtank大型蒸发器standardpan原则蒸发器ceilingprojector云幂灯visibilitymeter,visiometer能见度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量计accumulativeraingauge合计雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗[式]雨量计electricconductivityraingauge水导[式]雨量计siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸[式]雨量计rainfallintensityrecorder雨强计telemeteringpluviograph遥测雨量计windvane风向标anemometer风速表contactanemometer电接风速表cupanemometer转杯风速表propelleranemometer螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer风向风速表hot-wireanemometer热线风速表strongwindanemograph强风仪navaidwind-finding导航测风laserceilometer激光云幂仪anemograph风速计radiotheodolite无线电经纬仪aerologicaltheodolite测风经纬仪radiosonde无线电探空仪dropsonde下投式探空仪constantlevelballoon定高气球ultrasonicanemometer超声测风仪ceilingballoon云幂气球meteorologicalaircraft气象飞机snowscale,snowdepthscale量雪尺weightingsnow-gauge称雪器drosometer,dewgauge测露表frozensoilapparatus冻土器sonde探空仪profiler廓线仪meteorologicalrocket气象火箭soundingrocket探空火箭weatherradar天气雷达meteorologicalradar气象雷达lidar激光雷达sodar,acousticradar声[雷]达Dopplerradar多普勒天气雷达incoherentradar非相干雷达radarnetworkcomposite雷达组网radarsounding雷达探空windfindingradar测风雷达Dopplersodar多普勒声达Dopplerlidar多普勒激光雷达MSTradarMST雷达UHFDopplerradar超高频雷达VHFradar甚高频雷达coherentmemoryfilter,CMF相干存储滤波器radarrainfallintegrator雷达雨量积分器rangevelocitydisplay,RVD距离速度显示velocityazimuthdisplay,VAD速度方位显示constantaltitudeplanpositionindicator,CAPPI等高平面位置显示屏planpostionindicator,PPI平面位置显示屏planshearindicator,PSI平面切变显示屏velocityazimuthrangedisplay,VARD速度方位距离显示radarsonde雷达测风仪atmosphericremotesensing大气遥感inversetechnique反演法temperatureretrieval温度反演inversionofsatellitesounding卫星探测反演meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星NIMBUS雨云卫星NOAA诺阿卫星polar-orbitingmeteorologicalsatellite极轨气象卫星TIROS泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA艾萨卫星ITOS艾托斯卫星geostationarymeteorologicalsatellite,GMS地球静止气象卫星meteorologicalsatellitegroundstation气象卫星地面站microwaveradiometer微波辐射仪highresolutioninterferometricsounder高辨别[率]干涉探测器highresolutioninfraredradiationsounder,HRIRS高辨别[率]红外辐射探测器scanningradiometer,SR扫描辐射仪veryhighresolutionradiometer,VHRR甚高辨别率辐射仪verticaltemperatureprofileradiometer温度垂直廓线辐射仪datacollectionplatform,DCP资料搜集平台automaticpicturetransmission,APT自动图象传播highresolutionpicturetransmission,HRPT高辨别[率]图象传播highresolutionfacsimile,HR-FAX高辨别率[云图]lowresolutionfacsimile,LR-FAX低辨别率[云图]delaypicturetransmission,DPT延时图象传播directread-outgroundstation直读式地面站weatherfacsimile,WEFAX天气图synopticdata天气资料non-synopticdata非天气资料realtimedata实时资料non-realtimedata非实时资料stretcheddata时展资料sub-satellitepoint[卫星]星下点temporalresolution时间辨别率spatialresolution空间辨别率fullresolution全辨别率radiationtransferequation辐射传播方程atmospherictransmissionmodel大气传播模式03.大气物理学atmosphericphysics大气物理[学]cloudphysics云物理学precipitationphysics降水物理学clouddynamics云动力学middleatmosphericphysics中层大气物理学aeronomy高空大气学aerology高空气象学radiometeorology无线电气象学boundarylayermeteorology边界层气象学boundarylayerclimate边界层气候atmosphericboundarylayer大气边界层air-seainterface海气界面air-seaexchange海气互换tracerdiffusionexperiment示踪扩散试验surfacelayer近地层surfaceroughness地面粗糙度atmosphericduct大气波导advection平流convection对流freeconvection自由对流forcedconvection强迫对流convectioncell对流单体Benardcell贝纳胞Benardconvection贝纳对流convectionmodel对流模式updraught上曳气流downdraught下曳气流transitionalflow过渡气流drydeposition干沉降wetdeposition湿沉降aerosol气溶胶aerosolparticlesizedistribution气溶胶粒子谱aqueousaerosol湿气溶胶stratosphericaerosol平流层气溶胶hailgenerationzone冰雹生成区conicalhail锥形冰雹hailembryo雹核haillobe雹瓣hailpellet雹粒cumulonimbusmodel积雨云模式condensationprocess凝结过程cloudcondensationnuclei,CCN云凝结核artificialnucleation人工成核作用cloudtoptemperature云顶温度ice-watermixedcloud冰水混合云cloudstructure云构造cloudparticlesampler云滴采样器clouddroplet-sizedistribution云滴谱clouddropletcollector云滴谱仪raindropsizedistribution雨滴谱drop-sizedistributionparameter滴谱参数disdrometer,raindropdisdrometer雨滴谱仪fog-drop雾滴clouddroplet云滴supercooledclouddroplet过冷云滴dropspectrum滴谱collision碰撞coagulation碰并icecrystal冰晶iceneedle冰针icenucleus冰核icepoint冰点condensation凝结evaporation蒸发potentialevaporation潜在蒸发solidification凝固deposition凝华sublimation升华freezing冻结freezingnucleus冻结核condensationnucleus凝结核saltnucleus盐核cloudchamber云室combustionnucleus燃烧核depositionnucleus凝华核weathermodification人工影响天气targetarea目旳区clouddissipation消云salt-seeding盐粉播撒frostprevention防霜cloudseeding播云cloudseedingagent播云剂artificialprecipitation人工降水hailsuppression防雹fogdissipation消雾dynamiccloudseeding动力播云radarmeteorology雷达气象学meteorologicalradarequation气象雷达方程radarmeteorologicalobservation雷达气象观测radarreflectivityfactor雷达反射率因子radarequivalentreflectivityfactor雷达等效反射率因子weatherecho天气回波cloudecho云回波echowall回波墙superrefractionecho超折射回波secondtripecho二次回波incoherentecho非相干回波coherentecho相干回波groundecho地物回波clearairecho晴空回波convectiveecho对流回波whirlingecho涡旋状回波spiralrain-bandecho螺旋雨带回波layeredecho层状回波bandedecho带状回波hookecho钩状回波weakechovault弱回波穹窿precipitationecho降水回波angelecho异常回波elevatedecho雨幡回波cellecho单体回波supercell超级单体multiple-cellecho多单体回波echocomplex回波复合体cloudtopheight,CTH云顶高度echodepth回波厚度echocharacter回波特性echoanalysis回波分析echodistortion回波畸变radarreflectivity雷达反射率superrefraction超折射negativerefraction负折射troposphericrefraction对流层折射beamfillingcoefficient波束充塞系数rangebin距离库rangeaveraging距离平均azimuthaveraging方位平均rangeresolution距离辨别率azimuthresolution方位角辨别率numberofrangesamples距离采样数coherent-videosignal相干视频信号quantizedsignal量化信号depolarizationratio退偏振比rotationband转动谱带Dopplervelocity多普勒速度rangeambiguity距离模糊maximumunambiguousrange最大不模糊距离velocityambiguity速度模糊realtimedisplay实时显示patternrecognitiontechnique图形识别技术trackingradarechoesbycorrelation,TREC雷达回波有关跟踪法thunderstormmonitoring雷暴监测grayscale灰[色标]度cloudattenuation云衰减precipitationattenuation降水衰减rangeattenuation距离衰减echosyntheticchart回波综合图iso-echocontour等回波线normalizedechointensity归一化回波强度isolatedcell孤立单体weakcell弱单体satellitemeteorology卫星气象学satellitesounding卫星探测cloudcluster云团satellitecloudpicture卫星云图sectorizedcloudpicture分区云图picturemosaic拼图imageprocessing图象处理distortioncorrection畸变校正infraredcloudpicture红外云图visiblecloudpicture可见光云图nulti-spectralimage,MSI多波段图象microwaveimage微波图象imageresolution图象辨别率digitizedcloudmap数字化云图enhancedcloudpicture增强云图false-colorcloudpicture假彩色云图pseudo-colorcloudpicture伪彩色云图full-disccloudpicture全景圆盘云图nephanalysis云[层]分析图brightnesstemperature亮度温度cloudcoverage云覆盖区cloudstreet云街cloudline云线spiralcloudband螺旋云带monsooncloudcluster季风云团tropicalcloudcluster热带云团squallcloud飑线云shieldcloud盾状云open[cloud]cells开口型细胞状云close[cloud]cells封闭型细胞状云cellularpattern细胞状云cloudsystem云系commacloudsystem逗点云系bandedcloudsystem带状云系vortexcloudsystem涡旋云系jetstreamcloudsystem急流云系satellitederivedwind卫星云迹风satellitecloudpictureanalysis卫星云图分析limbscanningmethod临边扫描法limbretrieval临边反演occultationmethod掩星法backscatterultraviolettechnique紫外辐射后向散射法linearinversion线性反演watervaporretrieval水汽反演humidityretrieval湿度反演limbbrightening临边增亮limbdarkening临边变暗sunglint日照亮斑atmosphericradiation大气辐射solarradiation太阳辐射solarconstant太阳常数monochromaticradiation单色辐射outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外长波辐射visiblelight可见光radiationbalance辐射平衡globalradiation总辐射directradiation直接辐射effectiveradiation有效辐射scatteredradiation散射辐射diffuseradiation漫射辐射skyradiation天空辐射upward[tatal]radiation向上[全]辐射downward[total]radiation向下[全]辐射incomingradiation入射辐射equivalentclearcolumnradiance等效晴空辐射率atmospherictransmissivity大气透射率VanAllenradiationbelt范艾伦辐射带albedooftheearth-atmospheresystem地气系统反照率albedoofunderlyingsurface下垫面反照率earthradiationbelt地球辐射带nocturnalradiation夜间辐射atmosphericcounterradiation大气逆辐射radiance辐射率irradiation辐照irradiance辐照度reflectedradiation反射辐射albedo反照率bandmodel带模式statisticalbandmodel记录带模式regularbandmodel规则带模式randomElsasserbandmodel随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-lineapproximation强线近似weak-lineapproximation弱线近似planetarytemperature行星温度atmosphericattenuation大气衰减atmosphericabsorption大气吸取atmosphericwindow大气窗[atmospheric]absorptivity[大气]吸取率non-scatteringatmosphere无散射大气extinctioncoefficient消光系数atmosphericradioactivity大气放射性atmosphericoptics大气光学atmosphericopticalspectrum大气光谱atmosphericrefraction大气折射atmosphericopticalmass大气光学质量primaryscattering一次散射Miescattering米散射multiplescattering多次散射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射volumescatteringfunction体散射函数forwardscattering前向散射backscattering后向散射scatteringcross-section散射截面backscatteringcross-section后向散射截面one-wayattenuation单程衰减two-wayattenuation双程衰减scatteringcoefficient散射系数attenuationcoefficient衰减系数attenuationcross-section衰减截面absorptioncross-section吸取截面atmosphericpolarization大气偏振night-skylight夜天光skybrightness,skyluminance天空亮度atmosphericopticalthickness,atmosphericopticaldepth大气光学厚度[atmospheric]transparency[大气]透明度atmosphericopticalphenomena大气光学现象atmosphericturbidity大气浑浊度turbidityfactor浑浊因子mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光auroraaustralis南极光auroraborealis北极光anthelion反日parhelion假日paraselene假月46°halo46度晕22°halo22度晕solarhalo日晕lunarhalo月晕solarcorona日华lunarcorona月华rainbow虹secondaryrainbow霓halo晕corona华twilightcolors霞airglow气辉aurora极光glory宝光[环]atmosphericelectricity大气电学fairweatherelectricfield晴天电场airdischarge空中放电cloud-to-clouddischarge,interclouddischarge云标放电clouddischarge云放电cloud-to-grounddischarge云地[间]放电ionosphericstorm电离层暴ionosphericsuddendisturbance电离层突扰magneticstorm磁暴atmosphericelectricconductivity大气电导率atmosphericacoustics大气声学acousticsounding声学探测04.大气化学atmosphericchemistry大气化学atmosphericphotochemistry大气光化学atmosphericphotolysis大气光解作用atmosphericozone大气臭氧atmospherictracegas大气痕量气体photochemicalreaction光化反应photochemicalsmog光化烟雾precipitationchemistry降水化学thresholdtemperatureoficenucleation成冰阈温05.动力气象学dynamicmeteorology动力气象学atmosphericthermodynamics大气热力学sensibleheat感热latentheat潜热reversibleadiabaticprocess可逆绝热过程irreversibleadiabaticprocess不可逆绝热过程moistureinversion逆湿thermodynamicequation热力学方程temperatureinversion逆温turbulenceinversion湍流逆温surfaceinversion地面逆温radiationinversion辐射逆温cappinginversion覆盖逆温subsidenceinversion下沉逆温frontalinversion锋面逆温inversionlayer逆温层isentropicchart等熵面图tephigram温熵图T-lnpdiagram温度-对数压力图temperaturegradient温度梯度temperatureadvection温度平流adiabaticascending绝热上升adiabaticsinking绝热下沉adiabaticcooling绝热冷却adiabaticheating绝热增温pseudo-adiabaticprocess假绝热过程diabaticprocess非绝热过程convectivecondensationlevel,CCL对流凝结高度mixingcondensationlevel混合凝结高度temperaturelapserate气温直减率dryadiabaticlapserate干绝热直减率moistadiabaticlapserate湿绝热直减率condensationlevel,CL凝结高度condensationefficiency凝结效率thermalstratification热力层结equivalenttemperature相称温度virtualtemperature虚温dryadiabaticprocess干绝热过程moistadiabaticprocess湿绝热过程adiabaticdiagram绝热图pseudo-adiabaticdiagram假绝热图pseudo-adiabaticlapserate假绝热直减率potentialtemperature位温pseudo-equivalentpotentialtemperature假相称位温wet-bulbpotentialtemperature湿球位温wet-bulbpseudopotentialtemperature假湿球位温wet-bulbpseudo-temperature假湿球温度atmosphericdynamics大气动力学equationofmotion运动方程continuityequation持续方程equationofstate状态方程vorticityequation涡度方程divergenceequation散度方程hydrostaticequation流体静力方程ω-equationω方程perturbationequation扰动方程thermalwindequation热成风方程moisture[conservation]equation水汽守恒方程advectiveequation平流方程balanceequation平衡方程baroclinicprocess斜压过程Reynoldsstress雷诺应力meteorologicalwindtunnel气象风洞equivalentbarotropicatmosphere相称正压大气hydrostaticadjustmentprocess静力适应过程geostrophicadjustment地转适应availablepotentialenergy有效位能enstrophy涡动拟能geopotentialmeter位势米geopotentialheight位势高度inertialinstability惯性不稳定freeconvectionlevel自由对流高度[atmospheric]stability[大气]稳定度[atmospheric]instability[大气]不稳定度staticstability静力稳定度indexofstability稳定度指数absolutestability绝对稳定absoluteinstability绝对不稳定neutralstability中性稳定conditionalinstability条件[性]不稳定inertialstability惯性稳定度convectiveinstability对流不稳定convectivestability对流[性]稳定度atmosphericdisturbance大气扰动nonlinearinstability非线性不稳定[性]conditionalinstabilityofthesecondkind,CISK第二类条件[性]不稳定shearinginstability切变不稳定barotropicinstability正压不稳定baroclinicinstability斜压不稳定latentinstability潜在不稳定conservationofpotentialvorticity位涡守恒tendencyequation倾向方程z-coordinatez坐标p-coordinatep坐标σ-coordinateσ坐标θ-coordinate位温坐标hybridcoordinate混合坐标convergence辐合divergence辐散divergence散度horizontaldivergence水平散度steeringflow引导气流vorticity涡度relativevorticity相对涡度absolutevorticity绝对涡度planetaryvorticity行星涡度β-planeβ平面conservationofabsolutevorticity绝对涡度守恒geostrophicvorticity地转涡度cyclonicvorticity气旋性涡度anticyclonicvorticity反气旋涡度shearingvorticity切变涡度curvaturevorticity曲率涡度potentialvorticity位势涡度eddyconductivity涡动传导率eddyviscosity涡动粘滞率frictionvelocity摩擦速度eddyshearingstress涡动切应力atmosphericwave大气波动adjustmentoflongwave长波调整inertiawave惯性波baroclinicwave斜压波barotropicwave正压波gravitywave重力波inertia-gravitywave惯性重力波internalgravitywave重力内波externalgravitywave重力外波gravitywavedrag重力波拖曳dragcoefficient拖曳系数orographicdrag地形拖曳orographicwave地形波leewave背风波Helmholtzwave赫姆霍兹波Kelvinwave开尔文波Lambwave兰姆波Rossbywave罗斯贝波stationarywave定常波transientwave瞬变波solitarywave孤立波progressivewave前进波retrogradewave后退波shearingwave切变波mixedRossby-gravitywave混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-longwave超长波atmosphericnoise大气噪声Prandtlnumber普朗特数Rayleighnumber瑞利数Reynoldsnumber雷诺数Richardsonnumber里查森数Froudenumber弗劳德数Rossbynumber罗斯贝数rotatingdishpanexperiment转盘试验Hadleyregime哈得来域Rossbyregime罗斯贝域mixinglayer混合层non-divergencelevel无辐散层cyclostrophicwind旋衡风gradientwind梯度风countergradientwind反梯度风subgradientwind次梯度风supergradientwind超梯度风thermalwind热成风veeringwind顺转风backingwind逆转风windshear风切变geostrophicwind地转风antitripticwind摩擦风subgeostrophicwind次地转风supergeostrophicwind超地转风ageostrophicwind非地转风isallobaricwind变压风jetstream急流northernbranchjetstream北支急流southernbranchjetstream南支急流basicflow基本气流subtropicaljetstream副热带急流axisofjetstream急流轴streamline流线westerlyjet西风急流convectivecloud对流云deepconvection深对流shallowconvection浅对流lineconvection线对流Ekmanflow埃克曼流thermalconvection热对流moistconvection湿对流cumulusconvection积云对流mesoscaleconvectivesystem,MCS中尺度对流系统warmadvection暖平流coldadvection冷平流upwardflow上升气流downwardflow下沉气流convectiveadjustment对流调整convectiveparameterization对流参数化mesoscaleconvectivecomplex,MCC中尺度对流复合体geostrophicmotion地转运动quasi-geostrophicmotion准地转运动semi-geostrophicmotion半地转运动ageostrophicmotion非地转运动irrotationalmotion无旋运动nondivergentmotion无辐散运动baroclinicatmosphere斜压大气barotropicatmosphere正压大气baroclinicmode斜压模态barotropicmode正压模态normalmode正规模态Ekmanlayer埃克曼层Ekmanspiral埃克曼螺线atmosphericcirculation大气环流meridionalcirculation经向环流zonalcirculation纬向环流Hadleycell哈得来环流Walkercell沃克环流directcirculation直接环流indirectcirculation间接环流[圈]trade-windcirculation信风环流circulationcell环流圈localcirculation局地环流three-cell[meridional]circulation三圈经向环流circulationindex环流指数highindex高指数lowindex低指数indexcycle指数循环circulationtheorem环流定理Kelvin'stheoremofcirculation开尔文环流定理Bjerknescirculationtheorem皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorialflow越赤道气流adjustmentofcirculation环流调整mesosphericcirculation中间层环流large-scalecirculation大尺度环流atmosphericcenterofaction大气活动中心stratosphericsuddenwarming平流层爆发[性]增温atmosphericturbulence大气湍流eddy涡旋flux通量turbulentflux湍流通量isotropicturbulence各向同性湍流mixinglength混合长Ktheoryofturbulence湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtlmixing-lengththeory普朗特混合长理论turbulentboundarylayer湍流边界层laminarboundarylayer层流边界层turbulencespectrum湍流谱turbulenceenergy湍流能量turbulentexchange湍流互换turbulentdiffusion湍流扩散Eliassen-PalmfluxEP通量lateralmixing侧向混合chaos混沌numericalweatherprediction,NWP数值天气预报modeloutputstatisticprediction,MOSprediction模式输出记录预报equivalentbarotropicmodel相称正压模式quasi-geostrophicmodel准地转模式filteredmodel过滤模式adiabaticmodel绝热模式primitiveequationmodel原始方程模式mesoscalemodel中尺度模式scaling尺度分析synopticscale天气尺度planetaryscale行星尺度mesoscale中尺度meso-αscaleα中尺度meso-βscaleβ中尺度meso-γscaleγ中尺度spectralmodel谱模式movablefine-meshmodel可移动细网格模式semi-implicitscheme半隐式格式conservationscheme守恒格式finitedifferencemodel差分模式upstreamscheme迎风差格式computationalinstability线性计算不稳定perturbationmethod小扰动法energycascade能量串级objectiveanalysis客观分析physicalmode物理模[态]computationalmode计算模[态]modelresolution模式辨别率skillscore技巧分subgridscaleparameterization次网格尺度参数化normalmodeinitialization正规模[态]初值化dynamicinitialization动力初值化staticinitialization静力初值化four-dimensionaldataassimilation四维资料同化rigidboundarycondition刚体边界条件spongyboundarycondition海绵边界条件firstguess初估值timesmoothing时间平滑spacesmoothing空间平滑automaticdataprocessing自动资料处理structurefunction构造函数split-explicitscheme分离显式格式bogusdata人造[站]资料hydrostaticcheck静力检查differencescheme差分格式staggeredgrid交错网格staggerscheme交错格式nestedgrid套网格pseudospectralmethod假谱措施successivecorrectionanalysis逐渐订正法optimuminterpolationmethod最优插值法statisticalinterpolationmethod记录插值法man-machineweatherforecast人机结合天气预报limitedareamodel,LAM有限区模式limitedareafine-meshmodel,LFM有限区细网格模式statistical-dynamicprediction记录动力预报diagnosticanalysis诊断分析numericalsimulation数值模拟numericalexperiment数值试验generalcirculationmodel,GCM大气环流模式barotropicmodel正压模式baroclinicmodel斜压模式primitiveequation原始方程governingequation控制方程06.天气学synopticmeteorology天气学weather天气synopticchart天气图meteorologicalcode气象电码weathersymbol天气符号barb风速羽windshaft风矢杆windarrow风矢presentweather目前天气pastweather过去天气upperairchart高空[天气]图surfacechart地面[天气]图verticalcrosssection垂直剖面图facsimileweatherchart天气图isobaricsurface等压面standardisobaricsurface,mandatorylevel原则等压面contourchart等压面图rainfallchart雨量图streamlinechart流线图timecross-section时间剖面图scatterdiagram点聚图isoline等值线isotherm等温线isodrosotherm等露点线isallotherm等变温线isobar等压线topographicisobar地形等压线isallobar等变压线hodograph高空风分析图contourline等高线isallohypse等变高线isoplethofthickness等厚度线isotach等风速线isogon等风向线isanomaly等距平线isohume等湿度线moistureprofile湿度廓线isohyet等雨量线shearline切变线squallline飑线convergenceline辐合线pressuretendency气压倾向anallobar正变压线katallobar负变压线pressurevariation气压变量pressurefield气压场windfield风场allobaricfield变压场anallobariccenter正变压中心katallobariccenter负变压中心humidityfield湿度场wettongue湿舌drytongue干舌dryline干线temperaturefield温度场coldtongue冷舌warmtongue暖舌pressuresystem气压系统low[pressure],depression低[气]压deepeningofadepression低压加深fillingofadepression低压填塞