食品专业英语词汇

食品专业英语常用词汇海南大学食品学院编化学名词中常用的数目词头1/2hemi,semi19nonadeca1mono,uni20eicosa2di,bi,bis21heneicosa3tri,ter22docosa4tetra,quadri23tricosa5penta,quinqui,quinque24tetracosa6hexa,sexi25pentacosa7hepta,septi26hexocosa8octa27heptacosa9ennea,nona28octacosa10deca29nonacosa11undeca,hendeca30triaconta12dodeca31hentriaconta13trideca40tetraconta14tetradeca50pentaconta15pentadeca60hexacoonta16hexadeca70heptaconta17heptadeca80octaconta18octadeca90enneaconta1、词头mono- .uni- .

bi-二Butyl-」基di-二Amyl-戊基tri-三Hexyl-己基tertio-三Heptyl-庚基tertrial-三Octyl-幸苴十基tetra-四Nonyl-壬基quart-四Decyl-癸基penta-五Cyclo-环hexa-六Iso-异hepta-七Hemi-半octa-八Semi-半nona-九Hemo-血deca-十Homo-同undeca-一Holo-完全dodeca-十二Heter(o)-杂，异，其它trideca-十三Ov-卵tetradeca-十四alkane烷烃pentadeca-十五paraffin石蜡hexadeca-十六olefin石蜡Heptadeca-十七alkene烯烃Octadeca-十八alkyne快烃Nonadeca-十九alcohol醇Arachidic-二十ketone酮Methyl-甲基aldehyde醛Ethyl-乙基phenol酚Propyl-丙基ether醚

acid酸thio-硫-ester酯sulfonyl-磺酰amine月安fluoro-氟代amide酰胺chloro-氯代acylhalide酰卤iodo-碘代halide卤代物bromo-澳代quinone酉昆hydroxyl(l)-羟基hyper-过于，超，极度carboxy(l)-竣基super-过于，超，极度carbony(l)-羰基hypo-次，亚，在…之下alkyl烷基per-高alkoxyl烷氧基oligo-寡，少数的amido酰胺基ortho-正-，邻-，（o-）amino氨基meta-偏-，间-，（m-）imino亚氨基para-傍-，对-，副-sulfhydryl巯基normal正-guanidino胍基trans反-imidazole咪唑基cis顺-methylol羟甲基benzyl卜基methylene亚甲基benzoyl苯甲酰（基）primary伯-，一级acetyl乙酰基secondary仲-，二级propionyl丙酰基tertiary叔-，三级butyryl「酰基quaternary季-，四级thionyl亚硫酰基2、词尾-ane-烷-ene-烯

-ane-烷-ene-烯-yne-快-ide-配-化--enol-烯醇-ite-亚盐-ol-醇-itol-糖醇-al-醛-oside-糖苷-aldehyde-醛-onic-酮酸，-糖酸-one-酮-ose-醛糖-amine-胺-ulose-酮糖-amide-酰胺-an-聚糖-imine-亚胺-yl-基-ate-盐，-酯-genin-配基-ester-酯-ase-酶-ether-醚3有机酸与核苷酸Formicacid甲酸Stearica.硬脂酸Acetica.乙酸Oleica.油酸Propionica.丙酸Linoleica.亚油酸Butyrica.丁酸Linolenica.亚麻酸Caproica.己酸eicosanoic花生酸，二十烷酸Heptoica.庚酸Arachidonic花生四烯酸Caprylica.辛酸butannoic丁酸Caprica.癸酸hexanoic己酸Laurica.月桂酸heptylate,庚酸Myristica.肉豆蔻酸heptanoatePalmitica.棕榈酸（软脂酸）octanoic,octoic辛酸Palmitoleica.棕榈油酸decanoic癸酸

dodecanoic十二酸Tannic丹宁酸tetradecanoic十四酸Tannin单宁hexadecanoic十六酸Benzoic苯甲酸9-hexadecenoic十六-9-烯酸Sorbic山梨酸octadecanoic十八酸Adenosine(A)腺昔9-octadecenoic十八-9-烯酸Guanosine(G)鸟苷9,12,15-octadecatrien十八碳三烯酸Cyridine(C)胞昔oicUridine(U)尿苷Arachidic二十酸Thymine(Thy)胸腺嘧啶5,8,11,14-eicostetrae二十碳四烯酸Cytosine(Cyt)胞嘧啶noicUracil(Ura)尿嘧啶13-docosenoic二十二碳-13-烯酸Nucleicacid核酸Citric柠檬酸Nucleotide核苷酸Lactic乳酸Ribonucleicacid核糖核酸Acetic乙酸，醋酸Deoxyribonucleic脱氧核糖核酸Malic苹果酸Nucleoside核苷Tartaric酒石酸Ribose核糖Oxalic草酸Purine嘌吟Amber琥珀酸Adenine(Ade)腺嘌吟Fumaric富马酸Guanine(Gua)鸟嘌吟Succinic琥珀酸Pyrimidine嘧啶4糖类与脂类furanose呋喃糖xylose木糖pyranose吡喃糖ribose核糖arabinose阿拉伯糖glucose葡萄糖

fructose果糖monosaccharide单糖galactose半乳糖monose单糖mannose甘露糖monosaccharose单糖sorbose山梨糖disaccharide双糖fucose岩藻糖disaccharose双糖galacturonicacid半乳糖醛酸triose三碳糖glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸tetrose四碳糖oligosaccharide寡糖aldose醛糖oligose寡糖Ketose酮糖polysaccharide多糖homoglycan同（均）聚糖polyose多糖heteroglycan杂聚糖mucopolysaccharide粘多糖glycan聚糖sucrose蔗糖glycosan聚糖maltose麦芽糖glucan葡聚糖isomaltose异麦芽糖fructosan果聚糖dextrin糊精xylan木聚糖cyclodextrin环状糊精mannan甘露聚糖amylose直链淀粉hexosan己聚糖amylopectin支链淀粉glycoside糖普，配糖物glycogen糖原glucosyl葡萄糖（基）cellulose纤维素glycerol甘油hemicellulose半纤维素glycerine甘油pecticsubstances果胶质glycoritol甘油酸盐protopectin原果胶glycerate甘油糖醇levulose左旋糖sorbitol山梨糖醇dextrose右旋糖glucitol葡萄糖醇

xylitol木糖醇glycerin单硬脂酸甘油酯mannitol甘露糖醇triolein三油酸甘油酯syrup糖浆phosphatide磷脂goldensyrup糖蜜，佐餐糖浆phospholipid磷脂molasses（废）糖蜜glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂caramel焦糖，酱色lecithin卵磷脂molassesmass废糖蜜浆cephalin脑磷脂caramelize焦糖化glycolipid糖酯saturatedfatty饱和脂肪酸choline胆碱acidinositol肌醇glyceride甘油酯ethanolamine乙醇胺glycerinester甘油酯sterol固醇triglyceride甘油三酸酯cholesterol胆固醇tristearin二硬脂酸甘油酯steroid类固醇化合物5、分析reagent试剂identificationsequesteringagent螯合剂opticalanalysis光学分析chelatingagent螯合剂accuracy准确度qualitative定性分析precision精密度analysisdeviation偏差quantitative定量分析error误差analysisvisible -可见-紫外methylred甲基红ultravioletmethylorange甲基橙absorbance吸光度neutralred中性红spectralcurve光谱曲线sensuous感观鉴定titrimetry滴定分析

standardcurve标准曲线conicalflask三角瓶standardization标定graduatedcylinder量筒fluorometry荧光分析法funnel漏斗fluorescenceTfeSi/.火光desiccator干燥器spectrometry光谱测定法desiccant干燥剂massspectrometry质谱法dryingoven烘箱volumetricflask容量瓶defecate用石灰澄清beaker烧杯defect缺陷，疵病flask烧瓶6、无机盐sodiumcarbonate碳酸钠Sulphide(sulfide)硫化物sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氢钠oxide氧化物sodiumbisulphate硫酸氢钠fluoride氟化物Sodiumbisulphate亚硫酸氢钠fluorine氟phosphite亚磷酸盐chloride氯化物phosphate磷酸盐chlorine(Cl)氯disodiumphosphate磷酸氢二钠bromide澳化物phosphide磷化物bromine(Br)澳Mono-sodiumphosphate磷酸氢钠iodide碘化物nitrate硝酸盐iodine(I)碘Nitrite亚硝酸盐carbide碳化物Sulphur(S)硫silicate硅酸盐Sulphuricacid硫酸iodate碘酸盐Sulphate(sulfate)硫酸盐Chloride漂白粉Sulphurousacid亚硫酸bleachingpowder漂白粉Sulphite(sulfite)亚硫酸盐high test漂白精

hypochloriteHydroxide氢氧根离子Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Chlorinity氯含量Perchlorate高氯酸盐Cyanide氰化物Chlorate正氯酸盐Cyanicacid氰酸7食品化学emulsifier乳化器，乳化剂antiadhesive抗粘着剂emulsion乳浊液Anti-cakingagent抗结块剂Glycerinmonostearate单硬脂酸甘油酯Benzylacetate乙酸苄酯Soybean大豆磷脂antimold防霉剂phospholipidIsoamylacetate乙酸异戊酯spicery香料，佐料Antisepticagent消毒剂seasoning佐料，调味料Sweetener甜味剂seasoner佐料，调味料Antitoxic解毒剂Seasoningmatter佐料，调味料Thickener增稠剂Sweetorangeoil甜橙油Synergist增效剂Mandarinoil橘子油Sodiumalginate海藻酸钠Lemonoil柠檬油Stabilizer稳定剂Spearmintoil薄荷油carboxy methyl竣甲基纤维素vanillin香兰素cellulosemaltol麦芽酚adsorption吸附等温线ethylmaltol乙基麦芽酚isothermActivecarbon活性碳desorption解吸diatomaceous硅藻土resorption回吸kaolin高岭土，白陶土moisture湿度，水分antifoamer消泡剂centrifugate离心

clarify澄清，净化Impermeability不渗透性，气密性clarification澄清，净化Osmoticpressure渗透压homogenize均质，均化Depolymerize解聚homogenate匀浆Hydrolysis水解作用emulsify乳化Pyrolysis热解，高温分解Deshell脱壳Browning褐变Decorticate脱皮Rancidity酸败Degum脱胶Palatability可口性Defatting脱脂Lubrication润滑Dehull脱壳Solubility溶解度/性Degrease脱脂Solvability溶解能力Hygroscopicity吸湿性Dipolar偶极Diffusion扩散性Dielectric介电常数Viscosity粘性，粘度constantVolatility挥发性Equilibrium平衡常数Plasticity可塑性constantpermeability渗透性8常见食品分类名词mango芒果longan龙眼cashew腰果plum李，梅pomegranate石榴jujube枣guava番石榴hawthorn山楂Passionfruit西番莲papaya木瓜mandarin(e)蜜橘，橘sugarcane甘蔗orange橙Betelnut,areca槟榔Litchi,lychee荔枝Chinesemustard芥菜

cinnamon肉桂margarine人造黄油clove丁香yogurt酸奶menthol薄荷yolk蛋黄onion洋葱Sauerkraut泡菜ginger姜pickledcabbage腌菜scallion葱Chinesecabbage大白菜chive细香葱spinach菠菜leek韭菜eggplant茄子garlic小〃、头bittermelon苦瓜garlicsprouts蒜苗bittergourd苦瓜mustard芥末cucumber黄瓜spice香料cucumberinsoy酱黄瓜essence香精waxgourd冬瓜sesame芝麻whitegourd冬瓜soysauce酱油cantaloup香瓜，甜瓜beef牛肉pumpkin南瓜pork猪肉dishclothgourd丝瓜mutton羊肉pea豌豆，青豆fleshof兔肉soybean,soya黄豆，大豆rabbit/harepeanut花生fishflesh鱼肉carrot胡萝卜seaweed海藻Chineseradish萝卜laver紫菜lotusroot藕beancurd豆腐Cassava,manioc木薯sausage香肠9微生物学名

Aspergillus曲霉属Corynebacterium棒杆菌属黄曲霉Escherichiacoli大肠埃希氏菌臭曲霉Hansenula汉逊酵母属黑曲霉Lactobacillus乳杆菌属米曲霉Mucor毛霉属宇佐美曲霉Rhizopus根霉属Absidia梨头霉属Rhodotorula红酵母属Acetobacter醋酸杆菌属Saccharomyces酿酒酵母属Agaricus蘑菇属Salmonella沙门氏菌属Bacillus芽抱杆菌属streptococcus链球菌属Bacillussubtilis枯草芽抱杆菌Trichoderma木霉属Brevibacterium短杆菌属Trichodermaviride绿色木霉Candida假丝酵母属Willianus威尔酵母菌Clostridium梭状芽孢杆菌属10食品微生物及发酵diplobacillus双杆菌Commercial工业发酵colony菌落fermentationspore芽抱，抱子Feeding进料capsule荚膜Diffuse浸提bacteriophage噬菌体Corrupt腐败的，不洁family科Defoam消泡hypha菌丝De-esterification脱脂作用spore抱子Degeneration退化Infect感染，传染Degrade退化，降解Infuse浸制，泡制Depurate净化，精制

Desiccate干燥Mutagenesis诱变Dextrine糊精Mutagen诱变剂Assimilation同化作用Variation变异dissimilation异化作用Genotype基因型nitrification硝化作用Prototroph原氧型denitrification反硝化作用Auxotroph营养缺陷型Nitrogenfixation固氮作用nutrientagar营养琼脂Pasteurfixation巴氏效应nutrientbroth营养肉汤fermentability可发酵性beansproutsmedium豆芽汁培养基Homofermentation同型发酵agar琼脂heterofermentation异型发酵meatextract肉膏Autolysis自溶现象beefextract牛肉膏Schizogenesis裂殖maltwort麦芽汁Budding芽殖yeastextract酵母膏Dormancy休眠agarslant琼脂斜面Lagphage延滞期contaminant污染物（杂菌）Declinephase衰亡期inoculum接种物Stationaryphase稳定期inoculation接种Exponentialgrowth指数生长期inoculate接种Recipient受体culture移菌Logphage对数生长期transferringCorrosive腐败性，腐蚀性aseptictechnique无菌操作deastringent脱涩cultivation培养Clone克隆purification纯化Mutation突变sterilization灭菌Mutant突变体autoclave高压灭菌

tyndallization间歇分段）火菌anaerobefiltration过滤除菌coccus球菌sterilizationmicroaerobe微需氧菌inactivate钝化，灭活diplococcus双杆菌incineration灼烧灭菌tetrads四联球菌pasteurization巴氏消毒法sarcina八叠球菌confection糖食，糖果coccubacillus球杆菌candy糖果，蜜饯flagellum鞭毛colloid胶体，胶态pilus菌毛colloidmill胶体磨sporicidal杀死芽抱的congeal凝固，冻凝gasvacuole气泡order目protoplast原生质体fungi真菌mycophage真菌噬菌体fruiting子实体trypsin胰蛋白酶exospore外生抱子trypticenzyme姨蛋白酶parasexuality准性生殖gelatinase明胶蛋白酶actinomycetes放线菌papain木瓜蛋白酶anaerobe厌气菌inoculatingneedle接种针obligateanaerobe专性厌氧菌loop接种环saprophytic腐生菌incubator培养箱bacteriaactivatedsludge活性污泥Gram-positive革兰氏阳性immobilizedcell固定化细胞endospore内生抱子flat-sourspoilage平罐酸败eubacteria真细菌infectiousmicrobe杂菌aerobe需氧菌commercialstrain生产用菌株facultative兼性厌氧菌compoundbarm混合酵母

distillation蒸馏fermentationconversion转化率batchfermentation分批发酵coefficientcontinuous连续发酵Gram-negative革兰氏阴性菌fermentationbacteriaopenfermentation敞口发酵rod杆菌topfermentation上面发酵Decolorize脱色bottom卜.面发酵Defecated澄清的fermentationDegerming消毒fermenter发酵罐Denature变性seedingtank种子罐Deterioration变质，退化brewing酿造Petriplate培养皿aging陈酿Mash醪液acidification酸化作用Spoilage酸败，腐败antifoamagent消泡剂primary前发酵acetification醋化作用fermentationsaccharification糖化作用solidstate固态发酵saccharine糖精fermentationsacchariferous糖化剂liquidstate液态发酵agentsfermentationrawstarter曲secondary后发酵koji日本酒曲fermentationbrankoji麸曲shallowtray浅盘发酵liquidkoji液体曲fermentationmedium母亲苴培养基mainfermentation主发酵Donor供体submerged深层发酵

11食品包装sealing封口piston活塞adhension粘合package包装labeling加标，贴标contents内装物barcode条形码flexiblepackage软包装solidfibreboard硬纸板箱rigidpackage刚性包装corrugatedbox瓦楞纸箱transparent透明包装carton盒packagethree-piececan三片罐See-through透明包装jar坛，广口瓶packagebag,pouch,sachet,袋Outerpackage外包装sackExteriorpackage外包装retort杀菌，杀菌锅Innerpackage内包装aluminiumfoilbag铝袋Interiorpackage内包装crown王冠盖domesticpackage内销包装tamperproofcap防盗盖exportpackage出口包装pilferproofcap扭断螺纹盖，防盗盖returnablepackage回收包装plug塞子one-waypackage不回收包装12食品工艺与设备centrifuge离心机vertical立式separator分离机horizontal卧式retort杀菌器plate板式pasteurizer消毒器rotary回转式gauge表，计，量规scrapped刮板式milkgauge牛乳比重计scrapped刮板式蒸发器retortpouch蒸煮袋evaporator

double-pipe套管式temperatureblanching,scald热烫baumehydrometer波美比重计lyepeeling碱液去皮roasting焙炒juice螺旋榨汁机cure腌制，熏干screw-extractorbrine盐水，卤水spraydrying喷雾干燥rinsed漂洗grind研磨，破碎chilling冷却subdivide粉碎pickled腌制mill糖厂，粉碎机dip浸，浸colloidmill胶体磨distilledvinegar白醋sterilizer杀菌器distiller'sgrain酒精processing in常压杀菌dosage剂量，补料watereduct抽出物，浸提物commercial商业灭菌emulsify乳化sterilizationhomogenize均质ultra high超高温杀菌(UHTS)homogenate均浆13食品酶与蛋白质lipase脂肪酶enzymelipoxidase脂肪氧化酶nuclease核酸酶lipoxygenase脂肪氧合酶ribonuclease核糖核酸酶decarboxylase脱竣酶tannase单宁酶exoenzyme胞外酶cellobiase纤维二糖酶exocellular胞外酶trypsin胰蛋白酶enzymepepsin胃蛋白酶endoenzyme胞内酶bromelin菠萝蛋白酶endocellular胞内酶lipolyticenzyme脂肪分解酶

dehydratase脱水酶enzymedehydrase脱水酶rennet凝乳酶cellulose纤维素酶rennin凝乳酶cellulosicenzyme纤维素酶renase凝乳酶lactase乳糖酶pancreatin胰酶peroxidase过氧化物酶chymotrypsin胰凝乳蛋白酶superoxidedismutase超氧化物歧化酶chymotrypsinogen胰凝乳蛋白酶原dehydrogenase脱氢酶catalase过氧化氢酶hydroxylase羟化酶oxidase氧化酶phosphorylase磷酸化酶oxygenase加