人教版高中英语选修八教案(全册)

人

教

版[LU

高

中

英

语

选

修

8

教案

Unit1Alandofdiversity

教学内容分析：

本单元主要围绕了具有多元文化的美国这一主题展开，其中重点介绍了佳利福尼亚州的

多元文化特征。本单元有助于培养学生跨文化交际意识，进一步拓宽视野，为终身学习

奠定

良好的基础。

本单元所涉及的要点：

通过了解美国的多元文化特征,培养学生跨文化交际意识:通过对加州移民的深入了解,

使学生认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”；掌握本单元教学目的和要求中词汇的用法；掌握

在书面

表达中如何使用“方向和位置”来介绍一个地方和描述一个事件，以及鼓励别人说话的

方法；

掌握名词性从句的具体用法。

Period1Reading

Teachinggoals

1.EnablethestudentstotalkaboutthingsabouttheUSA.

2.HelpthestudentslearnthehugediversityofracesandculturesinAmerica,

especiallyin

California.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints

LearnthehugediversityofracesandculturesinCalifornia.

Teachingmethods

Fastandcarefulreading;askingandansweringactivity;individual,pairor

groupwork.

Teachingaids

Amap,ablackboardandacomputer

Teachingprocedures

Step1Warmingup.

1.AskthestudentstodescribewhattheylearnabouttheUSA.

2.Groupwork:lookatthemapoftheUSAwithyourgroup.Writeonthemapthe

namesofas

manyofthefollowingasyoucan.Compareyournameswithothergroups.

Step2Pre-reading

1.AskthestudentstotellthingsaboutCaliforniaincludingitslocation,size,

population,

economy,historyetc.WhatdoyoulearnaboutCalifornia?

2.Showthestudentssomepicturesandencouragestudentsnotonlytosaywhat

eachpictureis

aboutbuthoweachonerelatestoCalifornia.

Step3Fastreading

1.Readthroughthepassageandgetthemainidea.

2.Readingcomprehension.

Askthestudentsthefollowingquestions:

1)Whenyoulookatthetitle,whatsoyouthinkof?

Alandofdifferences.Californiaisalandofgreatdifferences一differences

inclimate,in

landscapeandattitude.

2)WhyistheUSAcalledameltingpot?

TherearemanyimmigrantstotheUSAandtherearemanyculturesand

nationalities.Soit

isaplaceinwhichpeople,ideas,etcofdifferentkindsgraduallygetmixed

together.

3.BesideeachdatenotedownanimportanteventinCalifornianhistory.

Step4Detailreading

Besideeachculturalgroup,writetheperiodinwhichtheyfirstcameto

Californiainlarge

numbers.

CulturalgroupsPeriodsCulturalgroupsPeriods

Russiansearly1800sJapaneseEarly1900s

ChineseLate1840s/early1850sCambodiansFromaboutthe1970s

Africans1800sKoreansFromaboutthe1970

ItaliansLate1800sDanish1911

Jewish1920sPakistanisFromaboutthe1970s

Step5Afterreading

WhyisCaliforniainthe21stcenturysuchamulticulturalcommunity?(Using

3or4

sentencestoexplain.)

Step6Homework

FinishuLearningaboutlanguagewonpage4.

15,000yearsago

16thcenture1821

185018481846

Firstsettlerscrossed

theBeningStraitfrom

Asia.Thesepeopleare

nowknownasNative

Spanishsoldiers

arrivedin

SouthAmerica.

California

became

partofMexico.

TheUSdeclared

waronMexico.

Goldwas

discovered

inCalifornia.

California

becamethe31st

stateoftheUSA.

Period2Languagepoints

Teachingaims:

1.Learnexpressionsandphrases.

2.Learnlanguagepoints.

Teachingimportantpoints:

Languagepoints

Teachingmethods:

Presentationandpractice

Teachingprocedures

Step1Revision

Retellthepassage

Step2phrases

thethirdlargeststate第三大州

Amulticulturalstate一个具有多种文化的州

Bymeansof通过...工具

Inprehistorictimes

Inaddition另夕卜

diefrom死于...

Inthe18century在18世纪

Fightagainst反对…・.而战争

Themajority大多数

Gainindependence获得独立

Achieveone'sdream实现某人的梦想

Makealife（forsb）谋生

Step3Languagepoints

1.means:amethodorawayofdoing.方式，方法，手段（但复数同形）

Translate:

一切可能的办法都试过了。

Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.

=Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,

bymeansof:byusing依靠，凭借

2.occur:comeintosb'smind（想起，想到）

happen,takeplace（发生）

1）Whendidtheaccidentoccur?发生

2）Agoodideaoccurredtomeallatonce.想到

前缀，是“多，多方面，多方向”的意思

multi-coloured多色的

multi-racialcountry多种族国家

multi-media多媒体

multiparty多党

multipartysystem多党制

multi-purpose多种用途

思维拓展：

mono-前缀：one,single单

eg:amonolingualdictionary（单语词典）

bi-前缀：two,twice,double双

eg:abilingualdictionary（双语词典）

4.Declare匕宣告，声称，宣称，申报

translatethefollowingsentences

1）Warwasdeclaredontheenemy.

2）Shedeclaredthatsheknewnothingaboutit.

3）Haveyouanythingtodeclare.

declareoneself发表态度

declarewaron/upon宣战

declareagainst声明反对

declarefor声明支持

5.Keepup:保持，坚持，持续

l）Themanageraskedtheworkerstokeepupthework.

2）Therainkeptupfortwodaysandtheroadswerefloaded.

Step4Exercises:translation

1.我就是想不起他的名字.（occur）

Hisnamejustdidn'toccurtome.

2.他宣称他是正确的.（declare）

Hedeclaredthathewasright.

3.鼓起勇气,成功就属于你.（keepup）

Keepupyourcourage,andsuccesswillbeyours.

4.他虽然不会说话,但能通过手势让别人知道他的意思.（bymeansof）

Hecouldn'tspeak,butmadehimselfunderstoodbymeansofsigns.

Step5Homework

Reviewthelanguagepoints.

Period3Grammar

Teachingaims

1.EnablethestudentstousetheNounClausesasthesubject,object,

predicativeandoppositive.

2.HelpthestudentslearnhowtousetheNounClauses.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints

Differthenounclauses.

Teachingmethods

Analysisandhavesomediscussions.

Teachingprocedures

Step1Preparation

Askthestudentstounderlinethenounclausesinthefollowingsentences.Then

tellwhattypesof

nounclausestheyare.

1）WhethernativeAmericansarrivedinCalifornia15,000yearsagoor14,000

yearsagoisnot

important.Subjectclause（主语从句）

2）ThefactthattheyarrivedalongtimebeforeEuropeansiswhatmatters.

Appositiveclause（同位语从句）&Predicativeclause（表语从句）

3）IbelievethatthenativeAmericansweretreatedbadlywhenthefirstEuropeans

came.Object

clause（宾语从句）

Step2Discussion

AskthestudentstodiffertheNounClausesasthesubject,object,predicative

andoppositive.

名词性从句特征

主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

Step3Analysis

1.高考考查热点：

1）名词性从句的语序（陈述句语序）；

2）几对重要关联词的区别：whether\if,what\that,what\whatever,who\whoever,

etc;

3）it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句；

4）根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。

2•根据例句，讨论：

1）whether\if的区别

I.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow.

II.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.

III.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.

IV.WhetherhewillbewelltomorrowI'mnotsure.

V.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.

A.引导宾语从句，位于及物动词后

B.引导宾语从句，位于介词后

C.引导宾语从句，放句首

D.引导表语从句，主语从句或同位语从句

whether:A,B,C,D

if:A

2）What\that的区别

I.Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.

II.Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.

III.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.

IV.Thisiswhatmakesusinterested.

V.ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.

所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语或

宾语

汉语意义能否省略

What缺什么；所……的东西、事

情

否

that不缺无意义宾语从句中能省

略

3)who\whoever;what\whatever的区别

I.ThespokenEnglishcompetitioniscoming.Whowillattendthemeetinghasn,

tbeendecided

yet.

II.Ibelievewhoevertakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest.

III.Canyoutellmewhatyouwouldliketoorder?

IV.Whateverhappens,don'tbesurprised.

V.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderwhateveryoulike.

名词性从句让步状语从句

Who表示“谁”/

Whoever表示“…的任何人”表“不论谁”

What表“什么，所…的东西、事情”/

Whatever表”…的任何东西”表“无论什么”

4)常见的it作形式主语的结构

I.Itisafactthathewonthematch.

II.ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish.

III.Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.

IV.Itseemedthathewouldcomehere.

基本句型结构常用词语

Itis+名词+that从句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowonder/goodnews/***

that***

Itis+形容词+that从句Itis

necessary/strange/important/possible/likely/…that…这类主

语从句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形

Itis+过去分词+that从句Itissaid/reported/decided/known/•••that••,

It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemed/happened/doesn,tmatter/hasturned

out/…that・・・

Step4Practice

l)Exs.3&4,StudentsBookP5

2)Makesentencesusingnounclausesasthesubject,object,predicativeand

appositive.

Step5Homework

1.Reviewwhatwehavelearnttoday.

2.Translatesentences:

1）显而易见，英语很重要.（主语从句）

2）玛利认为他会帮助她.（宾语从句）

3）我从来未到过那儿这事实是真的.（同位语从句）

4）问题是我们下一步该怎么做.（表语从句）

Period4Listeningandspeaking

Teachinggoals

Traintheirlisteningandspeakingabilities.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints

Helpthestudentstotalkaboutposition,spaceanddirectionandillustrate

waysthatlisteners

indicatethattheyarelisteningtothespeaker.

Teachingmethods

Pairworkandgroupwork,discussionandcooperation

Teachingaids

Arecorder,acomputer,andablackboard

Teachingprocedures

SteplListening

1.Thefirsttimethestudentslistentothetapetheyareexpectedtolisten

forthegistonly.Read

Exlonpage6withstudentssothattheyknowwhattolistenforandplaythe

recordingright

throughwithoutstopping.

4GeographicareasofCalifornia

2WhereGeorge?stourstarted

3CalifornianotasGeorgeexpected

1WhereGeorgeisnow

5Californianpeople

2.Readthepostcardonpage6withstudentsandaskthemtorecallthemissing

information.

Thenplaythetaperightthroughwhilestudentslistenforthemissingdetails.

Playittwiceif

necessaryandthencheckanswersbyplayingthetapeagainandstoppingwhen

themissing

detailsaregiven.

DearSam,

I'mhereinJoshuaTreeNationalPark,inthe__southeastern-

partofCalifornia.Havebeentravelingaroundthestateof

—California___forthreeweeksnow.Verydifferentfromwhat

Ihaveseenin___Americanmovies____.Noteveryoneis___rich

andnoteveryonelivesnearthe_beach____.Firsttraveled

southeastthroughrichfarmlandthentothecentralpart.

Theygroweverythinghereincludingcotton,nuts,vegetables

andfruit.Cattletoo.Thentraveledfurther___southeastinto

mountainsand___desert____.Californiansareveryfriendly,

andtheyarefrommanydifferent__racesandcultures.

Everyculturehasitsown___music_,__festivals,foodandart.

Mostinteresting.Wishyouwerehere.GivemylovetoPaula.

George

3.Tellthestudentsthatwhentheylistentothistimetheyaretofocuson

whatChristie,whois

mainlylistening,says.PlaythetapeandstopaftereachthingthatChristie

sayssothat

studentscanwritedownherwordsaccordingtothechartonpage7.

Christie,squestionsThatisinteresting.

Whereareyou?Cool.

Whereisthat?YouwatchtoomanyAmericanmovies.

Whatareyoudoingdownthere?Thatisinteresting.

Howisthetripbeen?IwishIcouldseeitformyself.

Whatisitreallylike?Thatdoesn,tsurpriseme.

Suchas?Oh,Isee.

Hispanic?Soundsgreat

4.Getthestudentstocomparetheiranswerswiththeirpartnersandcheckthe

answers.

Step2Speaking

Withapartnerholdatelephoneconversationaboutaplaceyouhavevisited

recently.

1.Sitbacktobackwithyourpartnersoyoucan'tseeeachother.

2.PartnerA:Talkaboutwheretheplaceis,whattheclimateislike,what

youthoughtabout

thepeople,andanyotherinterestingthingsyousawordid.

PartnerB:Encourageyourpartnertotalkbyaskingquestionsandmaking

comments.

3.Swaproles.PartnerBtellsPartnerAabouthis\hervisit.

Step3Homework

Writeashortpassageabouttheplacetheyhavevisitedrecently.

Period5UsingLanguage

Teachinggoals

Targetlanguage

Usefulwordsandexpressions:luggage,tram,apparently,slip,bakery,ferry,

hire,seagull,

immigration,teamupwith,markout,takein,agreatmany.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints

1.Improvethestudents*readingability(skimmingandscanning).

2.enablethestudentstograsptheusefulwordsandexpressions.

Teachingmethods

Reading,discussion,cooperativelearning

Teachingprocedures:

Step1Lead-in

1.LookatGeorge'sphotos.ThenquicklyreadGeorgeJsdiary.Writethedays

hesawthese

thingsunderthephotos.

2.ReadGeorgeJsdiarymoreslowlyandanswerthequestions.

1.WhydidAndrewHallidieinventthecablecarsystem?

2.WheredidGeorgeeatlunchonhisfirstdayinSanFrancisco?

3.WhydidGeorgehireacar?WhydoyouthinkhejoinedupwithTerriandPeter?

4.NamethreethingsthatvisitorscandoinChinatown.

5.WhatisAlcatrazIslandfamousfor?

3.ReadGeorge?sdiaryagain.Putthemarkv“intheplaceswhereGeorgehas

leftoutsome

words.Discusswithothersinyourclass:WhydidGeorgeleaveoutsomewords

whenhe

wrotehisdiary?

Step2Languagepoints

1.Teamupwith:makeaneffortincooperationwith;worktogetherwith与...

协力从事,合作

Translate:

Heteamedupwithanexperiencedworkerintheproject.

2.hire解雇

fire租,雇佣

1)Youare_fired__,becauseyouaresolazyforthework.

2)Imust____hire_ahousewhenfindingajobinthecity.

3.takein

1)Hehadnowheretolivein,sowetookhimin.接纳

2)Thedressneedstobetakenin.改小

3)Theylistenedtomylecture,buthowmuchdidtheytakein,Iwonder?理解

4)Don'tletyourselfbetakeninbythesepoliticians.欺骗

Takeoff拆开,拆散

Takeon贬低，贬损名誉等

Takeapart从事，对…••产生兴趣，打听，占用空间或时间

Takeawayfrom脱下,脱去，起居，休假，离开

Takeup开始雇佣，露此承担，接受

Step3Pairworkandconsolidation.

Makesentenceswiththenewwordslearnedinthislesson.

Step4Homework

1.Readthepassageagain

2.Prepareforthedictionoftheusefulwordsandexpressionsofthisunit

3.Prepareforthewritingofthenextlesson.

Period6Writing

Teachinggoals

1.Enablethestudentstotakeanactivepartinsearchingforinformationand

discussion.

2.Enablethestudenttowritashortgroupessayaboutacity,provinceor

zoneinChinaand

improvethestudentsJabilityofwriting.

3.Enablethestudentstosharetheiressayswithothergroups.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints

Howtoorganizeandwriteashortessayaboutacity,provinceorzone.

Takein

接受,接纳,接待

吸收,领会,理解

改小（衣服）

包含,包括

欺骗

Teachingmethods

Research,cooperativelearning

Teachingaids

Acomputerorsomepictures

Teachingprocedures:

Step1Discussion

1.GetthestudentstodiscusswiththeothermembersoftheirgroupwhichChinese

city,

provinceorzonetheywanttowriteabout.

2.Getthestudentstodiscusstheirchoiceswithothergroupsandmakesure

thateachgroupwill

bewritingaboutadifferentplace.

3.Oncethestudentshavedecidedonaplace,askthemtodiscusswhattopics

theywillwrite

aboutandinwhatordertheywillwriteaboutthem.

Herearesomeexamplesoftopics.

TopicsFeatures

Location

Climate

Geography

History

Population

Production

culture

Step2

1.Getthestudentstogiveeachpersoninthegrouponeofthetopicsfromthe

listtowritea

paragraphabout.

2.wheneveryonehasfinished,askthestudentstoreadtheparagraphsaloud

inthecorrectorder,

makingsuggestionsforimprovingeachothers'writingandcheckeachothers'

spelling,

punctuationandgrammar.

3.Getthestudentstodecidewhattheywanttowriteinconcludingparagraph.

Itshouldmakea

commononthefuturedevelopmentofthisplace.

4.Askthestudentstowriteacleancopyofthewholeessay.

5.Putinmaps,pictures,tablesorchartswherenecessarytomakeitattractive.

Step3Sharing

Makeawalldisplayoraclassbookletcontainingtheessaysfromeverygroup.

Samplewriting:

BeijingisthecapitalcityofChinaandcovers16,800aqkms.Itissurrounded

bymountainstothe

northandwest.Oneofthem,LingShan,isover2,300metershigh.Theclimate

canbeverydryin

winterandhumidinsummer.Autumnisthebestseasonbecauseitisusuallyfine

andpleasantly

warm.

BeijingwasthecapitalcityofmanydynastiesinChinesehistory.These

dynastiesleftalarge

numberofarchitecturalsouvenirsinthecity:theForbiddenCity,theSummer

Palaceandthe

TempleofHeaven,etc.Thereisalsoalegacyofroyalparks:JingshanandBeihai.

Sincel949

theseparksandbuildingshavebeenopentothepublic.

Nowadays,Beijingisthecapitalofathrivingcountrywithalargepopulation.

Morethanhalfof

themliveinthe3entrofthecity.Aswellasbeinganimportanteconomiccentre

Beijingisals9o

thesiteofthemainvenuefortheOlympicGamesin2008.

Asbefitsitsstatus,Beijingisthecentreofmanyculturalactivities,such

asconcerts,operas,

modernpaintingexhibitionsandinternationalevents.TodayBeijingisindeed

anexampleofacity

inthemodernworld.

Unit2Cloning

i.单元教学目标

技能目标Goals

Talkaboutcloning

Practiceexpressingandsupportinganopinion

Usetheappositiveclause

Writeacompositionaboutcloning

H.目标语•言

功能句式

Expressingandsupportinganopinion

I'mhappytoaccept….But***.

Iwouldneveraccept….

I'mnotbotheredabout…・.

Idon'tmindbut***.

Ihopeyou'11carryon….

Areyousureyouwantto….

Iagreewithyouthat….

Isitfairto….?

Doyouthinkitiswiseto….？

Ithinkyoushould….

Welldonetoyoufor***.

Idon'tunderstandwhyyoudon,t・・・.

Ican'thelpthinking***.

Icouldneveragreeto….

词汇

1.四会词汇

Strawberry,differ,exact,straightforward,breakthrough,disturbing,cast,

altogether,

objection,media,moral,ceiling,shortly,retire,assumption,merely,decoration,

zebra,aloud

2.认读词汇

identical,nucleus,gene,somatic,embryo,fate,impact,extinct,popularity,

Jurassic,

bison,calf,DNA,habitat,restore,Auroch,GreatAuk,Quagga

3.词组

castdown,objectto,themedia,infavourof,(be)boundto(do)…，fromtime

to

time,bringbacktolife,payoff

4.重点词汇

clone,commercial,producer,undertake,arbitrary,object,forbid,

accumulate

bother,regulation,resist,unable,argument,reasonable,obtain

结构

Appositiveclause—that可引导同位语从句

重点句子

Itisawayof….PH

Thefactisthat….Pll

Thequestionthatoccurredis….P12

Howdifferentlydopeoplethinkof•••.P14

The….is…but…P14

Theadvantageisthat-**.P15

Howwouldyoutreat*-*.P54

Idon,tmindbut….P55

Iagreewithyouthat….P55

III.教材分析与教材重组

1.教材分析

本单元以Cloning为话题，旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解克隆技术的优缺点，学会表

达和

支持个人观点，能用所学的有关Cloning的词汇去表述自己对这一新技术的观点和看

法.

1.1WarmingUp提供了四幅有关Dollythesheep（多莉羊）Astrawberryplant（草莓

植物）

Twins（双胞胎婴儿）Identicaldogs（克隆狗）的图片，让学生用I已有的知识和经验讨

论对克

隆技术的看法与观点。

1.2Listening是关于人类克隆的听力材料，难度中等。

1.3Speaking根据材料•，四人小组合作，要求把自己对克隆婴儿的态度和感觉用相关

的

语言表达出来。语言要得体，锻炼语段表达能力。

1.4Pre-reading是Reading的热身活动。它要求采用与同学讨论交流的方式谈论有关

克

隆的相关知识。

1.5Reading是一篇介绍克隆技术的说明文。

1.6Comprehending第一题所给出的表格让学生根据课文内容列举克隆技术的优缺点。

第二题让学生根据所拥有的知识来评价作者的观点。第三题要求学生用自己的语言阐述

对克

隆技术的观点并给出理由。

1.7LearningaboutLanguage分词汇和语法两部分，其中Discoveringusefulwords

and

expressions是根据语境在运用中掌握词汇。Discoveringusefulstructures是通过

阅读和补全

句子来练习。

1.8UsingLanguage中的Reading,Discussingandwriting要求学生先读，然后完

成四个

任务型的作业。即1.讨论并回答三个问题。回答这些问题，2.讨论几种已经灭绝的

动物，

并且讨论哪种动物应该被恢复到这个世界上，并且给出理由。3.listeningand

speaking让学

生根据所听到的内容选择并列出文中人物观点。

2.教材重组

2.1从话题内容上分析,WarmingUp与Reading相一致；而从训练目的上分析与

TALKING比较一致。从教材份量来说，可将WarmingUp和Reading整合在一起，设计

成

一节任务型“阅读课（一）（精读课）”。

2.2将Listening和Workbook中的LISTENING整合在一起，设计成一节"听力课"。

2.3将UsingLanguage与Workbook中的TALKING和SPEAKINGTASK结合在一起，

设计成一节“口语课”

2.4将LearningaboutLanguage与Workbook中的USINGWORDSANDEXPRESSION

整合在一起上一节“语法课”。

2.5将Workbook中的READINGTASK和PROJECT以及WRITINGTASK整合成一节

“泛读与写作课”。

3.课型设计与课时分配

1stperiodReading

2ndperiodListening

3rdperiodSpeaking

4thperiodGrammar

5thperiodExtensivereadingandwriting

W.分课时教案

TheFirstPeriodReading

Teachinggoals教学目标

1.Targetlanguage目标语言

a.重点词汇和短语

clone,commercial,producer,undertake,arbitrary,object,forbid,accumulate,

castdown,objectto,themedia,infavourof

b.重点句子

Itisawayof...

Thefactisthat...

Thequestionthatoccurred

2.Abilitygoals能力目标

Enablethestudentstodescribecloning:Whatistheadvantagesofcloning?

Whatistheproblemsordangersofcloning?Whatisyouropinionofcloning?

3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标

Helpthestudentslearnhowtodescribecloning.

Teachingimportantpoints教学重点

Howtodescribecloning.

Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点

Helpthestudentsanalyzethewritingtechniquesofthearticle.

Teachingmethods教学方法

Skimming,task-basedmethodanddebatemethod.

Teachingaids教具准备

Arecorder,aprojectorandsomeslides.

Teachingprocedures&&ways教学过程与方式

StepILead-in

Thistopicisdifficultforstudents.Soteachershouldhelpthestudentslearn

moreaboutit.Dothisinthewayofaskingandansweringquestions.

T:Youcanimaginehowrapidlythemodernscienceandtechnologydevelop.Ithink

mostofyoumustknowsomethingaboutspacetraveling,submarineexploration,robot,

maglevtrain,geneengineeringetc.Butinrecentyears,ahottopic,cloningis

oftenmentioned,especiallywhenthecloningDollythesheepappeared.Youmayhave

firstheardofcloningwhenDollytheSheepshoweduponthescenein1997.Cloning

technologieshavebeenaroundformuchlongerthanDolly,though.Firstthingfirst,

whatiscloningandaclone?Thedictionarysayscloningisthetechniqueofproducing

ageneticallyidenticalduplicateofanorganism.Acloneissaidtobeall

descendantsderivedasexuallyfromasingleindividual,asbycuttings,bulbs,by

fission,bymitosis,orbyparthenogenesisreproduction.Itsoundsverydifferent

andcomplicatedtous.Infact,Imean,inourdailylife,thishappensoften.For

example,gardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Youoften

seethatyourmotherpicksasmallbranchfromagrowingplanttomakeanewone.

Ifshelikesthiskindofflowers,shecandocloning.Cloningalsohappensinanimals

orhumanbeingswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthe

sameoriginalegg.Thefactisthatcloningplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloning

ofanimalsismorecomplicated.Thepossibilityofhumancloning,raisedwhen

ScottishscientistsatRoslinInstitutecreatedthemuch-celebratedsheep“Dolly”，

arousedworldwideinterestandconcernbecauseofitsscientificandethical

implications.Youcangiveyourquestionsifyouareinterestedinthistopic.I

amheretodayoneofthescientistswhoworkinthisfield.Iamreadytoanswer

anyofyourquestions.

S:Nowweknowwhatiscloning.Aretheredifferenttypesofcloning?

T:Whenthemediareportoncloninginthenews,theyareusuallytalkingabout

onlyonetypecalledreproductivecloning.Therearedifferenttypesofcloning

however,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducing

thegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Abasicunderstandingofthedifferenttypes

ofcloningiskeytotakinganinformedstanceoncurrentpublicpolicyissuesand

makingthebestpossiblepersonaldecisions.Thefollowingthreetypesofcloning

technologieswillbediscussed:(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning,(2)

reproductivecloning,and(3)therapeuticcloning.

S:WasDollycreatedbywhatcloning?AndwhywasDollysoimportant?

T:Reproductivecloningisatechnologyusedtogenerateananimalthathasthe

samenuclearDNAasanothercurrentlyorpreviouslyexistinganimal.Dollywas

createdbyreproductivecloningtechnology.Shewasthefirstmammaltobecloned

fromadultDNAtakenfromanadultcell.Previously,animalshadonlybeencloned

usingembryocellswhichalreadyhavethepotentialtobecomeacompleteembryoin

itsownright.ThebigbreakthroughwithDollywastomakeaclonefromanordinary,

adultcell一inthiscasefromafemalegoat'sudder.

S:HaveyouseenJurassicPark?Inthisfeat