2019年英语新必修五讲义Unit3SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现]IHAVESEENAMAZING①THINGSMyfirstvisitwastoaspacestationconsideredthemostmoderninspace②.Described③asanenormous④roundplate,itspinsslowlyinspacetoimitate⑤thepulloftheearth'sgravity.Insidewasanexhibitionofthemostup­to­date⑥inventionsofthe31stcentury.Aguide(G)showedusaroundalongamoveable⑦path.[读文清障]①amazingadj.令人惊异的；惊人的②过去分词短语consideredthemostmoderninspace作aspacestation的后置定语。③过去分词短语Describedas...作状语。④enormous[I'nɔːməs]adj.巨大的；庞大的⑤imitate['ImIteIt]vt.模仿；仿造⑥up­to­dateadj.最新的；时尚的uptodate最新的；时尚的outofdate过时的⑦moveable['muːvəbl]adj.可移动的；活动的我看到了奇妙的东西[第1段译文]我首先参观的是一个太空站，这个站被认为是太空中最现代化的地方。太空站像一个巨大的圆盘，在太空中缓缓地旋转，以模仿地心的引力。太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。有个导游带领我们站在一条移动的运送带上，到各处参观。G：Goodmorningtoallourvisitorsfrom2008.Firstwe'regoingtoexamineoneofthelatestformsofcommunicationamongourspacecitizens⑧.Nomoretypists⑨workingonatypewriter⑩orcomputer！Nomorepostage⑪orpostcodes⑫！Messagescannowbesentusinga“thoughtpad”⑬.Youplacethemetalbandoveryourhead,clearyourmind,pressthesendingbutton⑭，thinkyourmessageandthenextinstant⑮it'ssent.It'sstoredonthe“thoughtpad”ofthereceiver⑯.It'squick,efficient⑰andenvironmentallyfriendly⑱.Theonlylimitationisiftheuserdoesnotthinkhisorhermessageclearly,anunclearmessagemaybesent.Butwecannotblamethetoolsforthefaultsoftheuser,canwe?DuringtheexplanationIlookedatthepairofsmallobjectscalled“thoughtpads”⑲onatable.Theyjustlookedlikemetalribbons⑳.Soordinarybutsopowerful!WhileIwasobservingthem,thepathmoveduson.⑧citizen['sItIzn]n．公民；居民；市民⑨typist['taIpIst]n．打字员⑩typewriter['taIpˌraItə]n．打字机⑪postage['pəʊstIdʒ]n．邮资⑫postcode['pəʊstkəʊd]n．邮政编码⑬现在分词短语usinga“thoughtpad”作方式状语。⑭button['bʌtn]n．按钮；纽扣⑮instant['Instənt]n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的⑯receiver[rI'siːvə]n．接受者；接收器；电话听筒⑰efficient[I'fIʃnt]adj.效率高的；有能力的⑱environmentallyfriendly环保的⑲过去分词短语called“thoughtpads”作后置定语，修饰objects。⑳ribbon['rIbən]n．丝带；带状物[第2～3段译文]导游：从2008年来访的朋友们，早上好！首先，我们要查看一种我们太空居民使用的最新的通讯方式。再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了！再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了！现在我们可以通过一种“思想仪”来发送信息。你把金属带放在头上，排除杂念，按下发送按钮，然后想着你要发送的信息，刹那间信息就发出去了。它被存储在接受者的“思想仪”里。它快捷、高效，而且环保。唯一的缺点是，如果使用者没有想清楚要发送的信息的话，发送出去的信息就可能是模糊的。但我们不能将使用者的这一过错归咎于工具本身，不是吗？在导游解说之际，我看了看桌子上这副被称为“思想仪”的小东西。它们看上去像金属丝带。如此普通却又如此神通广大！当我还在观察它们时，运送带又载着我们向前移动了。G：Andnowladiesandgentlemen,weareinthe“environmentarea”.Peopleusedeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))tocollectwasteindustbinseq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Thentherubbishwassenttobeburiedorburned,amIright?(Wenodded.)Well，nowthere'sasystemwhereeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))thewasteisdisposedeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))ofusingtheprinciplesofecologyeq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Agiantmachine，alwaysgreedyeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))formore,swallowseq\o(○,\s\up1(27))allthewasteavailable.Therubbishisturnedintoeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))severalgradesofusefulmaterialeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，suchas“fertilizer”forthefieldsand“soil”fordeserts.Nothingiswasted,andeverything,evenplasticbags,isrecycledeq\o(○,\s\up1(30)).Agreatidea,isn'tit?Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewastemachine,absorbedbyitsefficiencyeq\o(○,\s\up1(31)).Butagainwemovedon.eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))usedtocollectwasteindustbins过去常常用垃圾箱收集废物，暗含现在不做了。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))dustbin['dʌstbIn]n．垃圾箱eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))where至句末为定语从句，修饰asystem，其中using至句末为方式状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))dispose[dI'spəʊz]vt.布置；安排disposeof处理；消除；解决eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))ecology[I'kɒlədʒI]n．生态；生态学eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))greedy['ɡriːdI]adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))swallow['swɒləʊ]vt.吞下；咽下eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))turninto(使)变成，此处为被动语态。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))material[mə'tIərIəl]n．原料；材料eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))recycle[ˌriː'saIkl]vt.回收利用；再利用eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))efficiency[I'fIʃnsI]n．效率；功效，withefficiency有效地[第4～5段译文]导游：女士们，先生们，现在我们到了“环保地带”。人们过去常用垃圾箱收集废弃物，然后这些垃圾会被掩埋或焚烧，对不对？我们点点头。那么，现在有一种系统，能利用生态学原理来处理废弃物。一台巨型机器，能把所有可获得的废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。垃圾被转化成几种有用的材料，如用于耕地的“肥料”和用于沙漠的“土壤”。什么都不浪费，所有的东西，哪怕是塑料袋也被循环利用了。绝妙的创意，不是吗？我注视着这台转动的垃圾分解机器模型，被它的高效所吸引。但是，我们又开始向前移动了。G：Ourthirdstopshowsthechangesthathavehappenedtoworkpracticeseq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).Manufacturingeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))nolongertakesplaceontheearthbutonspacestationslikethisone.Agroupofengineersprogrammeeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))robotstoperformeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))tasksinspace.Therobotsproducegoodseq\o(○,\s\up1(36))suchasdrugs,clothes,furniture,hoveringcarriages,etceq\o(○,\s\up1(37)).Thereisnowaste,nopollutionandnoenvironmentaldamage！However,thecompanieshavetotraintheirrepresentativeseq\o(○,\s\up1(38))toliveandworkinspacesettlementseq\o(○,\s\up1(39)).Theyhavetomonitoreq\o(○,\s\up1(40))therobotsandtheproduction.Whenthegoodsarereadythey'retransportedbyindustrialspaceshipbacktoearth.Mymindbegantowandereq\o(○,\s\up1(41)).WhatjobwouldIdo？Mymotivationeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))increasedasIthoughtofthewonderfulworldofthefutureeq\o(○,\s\up1(43)).eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))that至句末为定语从句，修饰thechanges。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))manufacture[ˌmænjʊ'fæktʃə]vt.(用机器)大量生产；成批制造，此处为动名词作主语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))programmevt.(计算机)编程；设计；安排n．程序eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))performvt.执行；上演eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))goods[ɡʊdz]n．货物，仅有复数形式，不可用数词直接修饰。eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))etc[It'setərə]abbr.诸如此类；等等，etcetera的缩写形式。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))representative[ˌreprI'zentətIv]n．代表；典型人物adj.典型的；有代表性的eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))settlement['setlmənt]n．定居；解决eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))monitorvt.监管n．显示器；班长eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))wanderv．游；走神；徘徊eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))motivation[ˌməʊtI'veIʃn]n．动机eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))asIthoughtofthewonderfulworldof...为as引导的时间状语从句。[第6～7段译文]导游：第三站要展示给我们的是发生在生产实践中的一些变化。批量生产不再在地球上进行，而是转移到了这样的太空站里。在太空中，一组工程师给机器人设计了程序让它们完成工作。机器人生产像药品、衣服、家具和气垫车之类的货物。没有废弃物，没有污染，也没有对环境的危害！但是，这些公司必须训练他们的代表来空间站生活和工作。他们必须监视机器人及其生产。货物生产出来之后，就被工业宇宙飞船运回地球。我的思绪开始漫游。我能做些什么工作呢？当我想到未来世界的美好前景时，我兴趣倍增。Step1Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whatdidthewriterseeonthespacestation?①a_“thoughtpad”②a_waste_machine③manufacturing_robots2．Whydoesthespacestationspinslowlyinspace?To_imitate_the_pull_of_the_earth's_gravity.3．Whowilltaketheplaceoftheworkersinthe31stcentury?The_robots.Step2Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Themostup­to­dateinventionsofthe________centuryareonexhibition.A．31st B．41stC．21st D．51st2．Peopleinthefuturecommunicatewitheachotherbyusing________.A．computer B．typewriterC．letters D．a“thoughtpad”3．Rubbishwillbedealtwithby________.A．buryingitB．burningitC．throwingitawayD．agiantmachinewhichcanswallowit4．Iftheuserdoesn'tthinkhisorhermessageclearly,________maybesent.A．anunclearmessage B．arightmessageC．awrongmessage D．auselessmessage5．Inthefuture,therewillbeno________inthewonderfulworld.A．waste B．pollutionC．environmentaldamage D．alloftheabove答案：1～5ADDAD一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1．mudn．泥(浆)2．desertn.沙漠；荒原3．citizenn.公民；居民；市民4．buttonn.纽扣；按钮5．swallowvt.吞下；咽下6．materialn.原料；材料Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．ecologyn．生态(学)→ecologistn．生态学家→ecologicaladj.生态的2．recyclevt.回收利用；再利用→recyclingn．回收利用；回收的物品→recyclableadj.可循环的3．representativen．代表；典型人物adj.有代表性的；典型的→representv．代表4．settlementn．定居；解决→settlev．定居；解决→settlern．移居者；拓荒者5．motivationn．动机→motivatevt.激发；激励6．instantn．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantlyadv.立即；马上1.goodsn．货物[联想]以­s/­es结尾的名词集锦①ashes灰烬②remains遗骸③arms武器④fireworks烟火⑤thanks感谢⑥congratulations祝贺⑦brains智力⑧belongings财产；所有物⑨surroundings环境⑩earnings挣的钱2．greedn．贪婪；贪心→greedyadj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的[联想]“n.＋­y”构成的形容词荟萃①rainn．→rainyadj.下雨的②snown．→snowyadj.下雪的③windn．→windyadj.刮风的④funn．→funnyadj.有趣的⑤guiltn．→guiltyadj.有罪的⑥healthn．→healthyadj.健康的⑦luckn．→luckyadj.幸运的⑧mudn．→muddyadj.泥泞的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.on_earth究竟2．speed_up加速3．in_space在太空里4．show_sb._around/round带领某人参观5．blame_sb._for因……而责怪某人6．used_to_do过去常常做某事7．stare_at盯；凝视8．be_absorbed_by被……所吸引1.bedescribedas...被描述成……2．themostup­to­dateinventions最前沿的发明3．thesendingbutton发送按钮4．bestoredon...被存储在……5．environmentallyfriendly环保的6．theprinciplesofecology生态学原理7．allthewasteavailable所有能获得的废弃物8．spacecreatures太空生物三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Thatiswhywepersuadefamiliesnottolosesightoftheadvantagesthatcomefromaperiodoftimeinspace.那就是为什么我们要劝说家人不要忽视在太空工作一段时间所带来的好处。Thatiswhy...“那就是为什么……”；why在句中引导表语从句。IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat's_why_I'm_writing_to_voice_my_opinion.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点。2.Insidewasanexhibitionofthemostup­to­dateinventionsofthe31stcentury.太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。地点状语放于句首，句子使用全部倒装。Ahead_sat_an_old_manwhotoldusthestoriesabouttheLongMarch.坐在前面的是一位老人，他给我们讲述了长征的故事。1．(教材P20)Whenwewantedthehoveringcarriagetospeedup,wepresseddownhardonthedrivingpedalandbentoverinthedirectionwewantedtogo.当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们就用力踏驱动踏板，并且向想去的方向俯身。speedup加速①Obviously,agoodlearninghabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们加快我们到达目标的速度。ataspeedof...以……速度atlow/high/topspeed以低速/高速/全速pickupspeed逐渐加速②ThisflightisnowheadingforParisat_a_speed_of1,000kilometresanhour.这次飞行现在正以每小时一千公里的速度向巴黎进发。③Ibegantopickupspeed,butsuddenlyIrealizedIhadforgottenhowtostop.我开始逐渐加速，但我突然意识到我忘了该怎么停下来。④Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,especiallyifyouaretravellingat_high_speed.(2016·浙江高考)突然停止有时会是很可怕的经历，尤其是你高速行进的时候。[名师点津]speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded,speeded或sped,sped；speedup的反义短语为slowdown“放慢速度”。2．(教材P22)Youplacethemetalbandoveryourhead,clearyourmind,pressthesendingbutton,thinkyourmessageandthenextinstantit'ssent.你把金属带放在头上，排除杂念，按下发送按钮，然后想着你要发送的信息，刹那间信息就发出去了。instantn．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的(1)theinstant一……就……inaninstant立刻foraninstant顷刻；一瞬间(2)instantlyadv.立即；即刻conj.一……就……①Itcanprovidestudentswithinstantfeedback,includingreportsabouttheirstrengthsandweaknesses.它能够给学生提供即时反馈，包括关于他们优势和不足的报告。②Thebosswantedthejobdoneinaninstant.老板要求这个工作立刻做完。③Irecognizedherinstantly(instant)Isawher.我一眼就认出是她。3．(教材P22)Agiantmachine,alwaysgreedyformore,swallowsallthewasteavailable.一台巨型机器，能把所有能获得的废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。greedyadj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的begreedyforsth.对……贪婪/渴望begreedytodosth.渴望做某事begreedyof贪婪的①Thestudentsaregreedyforknowledge.学生们对知识如饥似渴。②Tomisgreedyto_do(do)hishomeworktohaveacomfortableholiday.汤姆急着做家庭作业是为了有一个轻松的假期。③Itwasgreedyofthemtotakesuchbribes.他们收受了那些贿赂，真是贪婪。Thatiswhywepersuadefamiliesnottolosesightoftheadvantagesthatcomefromaperiodoftimeinspace.那就是为什么我们要劝说家人不要忽视在太空工作一段时间所带来的好处。That/This/Itiswhy...表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句。①Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因——前者更温暖些。It/This/Thatisbecause...这/那就是因为……Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……②Maybeit'sbecausewehaveseldomsatdownandexchangedourfeelingsandthoughts.那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。③Thereasonwhyhewasn'tadmittedintoakeyuniversitywasthathisgradesweretoolow.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turnleft！”2．Theinstantthepresidentdeclaredthecelebrationopen,thecrowdcheered.3．Heisaddictedtocomputergames,andthatiswhyhehastodropoutofschool.4．Itisverykindofyoutoshowmearoundyourschool.5．Thehaze(雾霾)happenssofrequentlythatwearegreedyto_enjoy(enjoy)thesunshinewheneverpossible.6．Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,awayfledthethief.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(inaninstant，stareat，beabsorbedby，thisisbecause，ataspeedof)1．Howdidtheaccidentcomeaboutsincehedroveat_a_speed_ofsixtymilesperhour?2．In_an_instant,_hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothewatertosavethedrowningboy.3．Hehastostayathome.This_is_becausehehasabadcold.4．It'sbadmannerstostare_atothersforalongtime.5．Absorbed_bythebeautyofZhangjiajie,shewantedtovisititagainthenextyear.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theprogrammebroughtaninstant(立刻的)response.2．Helookedatthegoldwithgreedy(贪婪的)eyes.3．LearningEnglishrequiresalotofmotivation(动机);otherwise,onewillloseinterestinit.4．Thereislittledoubtthatrecycling(再利用)isgoodfortheenvironment.5．Janewassoonswallowed(吞没)upinthecrowd.6．Atallbuildingwasputupwherethereusedtobeadesert(沙漠)．7．Heisarepresentative(代表)ofalargesteelcompany.8．Withthegovernment'said,thoseaffectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements(定居点)．9．AnewseriesofsimpleEnglishreadingmaterials(材料)formiddleschoolstudentshascomeoutthisyear.10．Theanimalispartofnature.Iftheywereseparatedfromhuman,wewouldn'tbeabletokeeptheecology(生态)balance.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Theyarebroadeningthebridgeto_speed_uptheflowoftraffic.他们正在拓宽大桥，以加速车流。2．Pleasesendmeane­mailthe_instant/instantly_you_reach_Yunnan.请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。3．Maryis_greedy_to_learnmoreknowledge.玛丽渴望学习更多的知识。4．Thedeadlineisdrawingnear.This_is_whyweareverybusy.最后期限要到了。这就是为什么我们很忙。[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Thisdictionarywilllooknicewhenprinted(print)．2．Satisfied(satisfy)withwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.3．Thoughwarned(warn)ofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.4．Moved(move)byherfans,shesaidshewouldworkharder.5．Explained(explain)ahundredtimes,theproblemstillcan'tbeunderstood.6．Whenexposed(expose)todangerandconflict,mentendtoincreasebloodpressure,feeling(feel)nervousoranxious.7．Devoted(devote)tohisscientificwork,hehasnotimetocareforhisfamilyaffairs,whichhiswifealwayscomplainsabout.8．Written(write)carelessly,yourcompositionisfullofmistakes.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Janetook_up_her_jobasadoctorinthecountryside.在一所医科大学就读了五年后，简开始在乡下从事医生工作。2．Shehas_always_been_surrounded_with/bymanyfashionablefriends.她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。3．Astaxpayers,theyfeltthattheycouldnolongertolerate_not_havingasayinthegovernment.作为纳税人，他们对于在政府没有发言权感到难以容忍。4．Adietlacking_innutritionalvaluewillnotkeepapersonhealthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。5．WhenIlookedup,Ilost_sight_ofthefamousactor.当我抬起头时，已看不见那位著名的演员了。6．Somemethodsofpreservingfoodare_easy_to_understand.有些保存食物的方法很容易理解。7．Shelooksas_though/if_she_were_ten_years_younger.她看起来好像年轻了10岁。8．Theremighthavebeentwomainreasonscontributing_to/leading_to_the_disaster.也许有两个主要原因导致了这场灾难。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解Somepeoplearepessimistic(悲观的)whentheythinkaboutthefuture.Theysaythat,ahundredyearsfromnow,wewillhaveusedmostoftheearth'sresources.Wewillhavepollutedourseasbadly,andbeunabletoeatfishfromthem.Wewillhavemadetheairsodirtythatwewillneedtowearmasks.Theworld'spopulationwillhavedoubled,andwewillhaveusedallthecountrysideforhousing;therewillbenofarmlandleft.Otherpeoplebelievethatmanadaptsveryeasily.Theyhaveadifferentideaofthefuture.How,intheirviews,willpeoplebelivinginahundredyears'time?Onearchitect(建筑师)believesthatmanwillmoveofftheland.Hesuggeststhatthecityofthefuturewillbeahuge,pyramid­shaped(金字塔形的)building,whichwillbefloatingonthesurfaceofthesea.About5,000familieswillbelivingthere,andthebuildingwillcontainshopsandschoolsaswellashomes.Bylivingonthesea,wewillgivefarmersmorelandtogrowcrops.Asforoil,peoplewillnolongerneedit:wewillbeheatingourhomeswithpowerfromthesun.Andwewillnotbeshortofminerals,becausethereareplentyunderouroceans.Atthemoment,wedonothavethetechnologytogetthemout.But,inahundredyears'time,theoptimistssay,thenewseacitieswillbeusingtheseresources.Whatwillbeintheshopsintheyear3000?Whatwillpeoplebewearing?Howwillpeoplebetraveling?Scientistswhomakepredictionsaboutthefuturesuggestthat,bytheyear3000,shopswillnolongerexist.Computerswillhavereplacedthem;andpeoplewillordergoodsfromhome.Peoplewillbewearingverylight,thinclothes.Bythistime,scientistswillhaveinventedafabric(织物)thatkeepsuscoolinhotweatherandwarmincoldweather.Asfortravel,theexpertssaythatmostpeoplewillbeusingpublictransport.Electriccarswillbetravelingthroughthestreetsdayandnight.Anybodywillbeabletostoponeanduseit.Aninterestingpicture.Unfortunately,wewillnotbetheretoseeifthesepredictionscometrue.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人们对未来生活的不同看法以及人们对未来生活的预测。)1．Pessimistsbelievethatinthefuture________.A．theseasandoceanswillbefullofhousesB．we'llhaveusedupalltheresourcesC．wewillnothaveenoughfishtoeatfromtheseasD．wewillhavepollutedtheairsobadlythatitwillbeimpossibleforustobreathe解析：选D细节理解题。由文章第一段的第四句“Wewillhavemade...towearmasks.”可知，悲观的人认为一百年之后，因为空气受到严重污染，人们必须要戴着面具，故D项正确。A项是一位建筑师的假想，不符合题干要求；B项应为大部分资源被用完而非全部；C项应为海水因受到污染导致鱼不能食用，故排除。2．Optimistssuggestthatinthefuture________.A．allthelandwillbetoopollutedtobecroppedonB．pyramidswillbemostcommonly­usedhousesC．peoplewill