英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

（完整版）英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:（一）句子成分1。主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。Thesunrisesintheeasto（名词） Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory. （数词）Seeingisbelievingo（动名词）Toseeistobelieveo（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook。（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatreeo（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名词） Shewentoutinahurry。（代词）Fourplusfouriseight.（数词） Toseeistobelieveo（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（动名词） Theyoungshouldrespectthe01d.（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征.简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词；HecanspeakEnglishwelloShedoesn'tseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语.）:1.WeloveChinao2oWehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglisho4oSheseemstired.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateachero（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon,tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisteno（数词）Heisasleepo（形容词）（完整版）英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall。（介词短语）Mywatchisgone/missing/losto（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay"I'mpoor,Ican,tbuyaring。（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcomeo （表语从句）★（常见的系动词有：be,sound（听起来），100k（看起来），feel（摸起来，smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来），remain（保持，仍是），feel（感觉）.。.Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.ThesoundsoundsstrangeTomlooksthin.ThefoodsmellsdeliciousoThedoorremainsopenoThefoodtastesgood.ThefoodsmellsdeliciousoThedoorremainsopenoThefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired。找出下列句中的表语.oIamateacher..Theyareontheplaygroundo3oMyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscoldo5oItsoundsinteresting.4o宾语：1）动作的承受者 及物动词或介词的宾语IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwoo（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepooro Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagaino（不定式） Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词 介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake? Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语 间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事，间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：pleasepassmethebookoHeboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowerso找出下列句子的宾语部分：1oWeoftenhelphimo（完整版）英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解HelikestoplaybasketballoWeenjoylisteningtothemusic。4oShesaidthathefeltsick。5oTheyaretalkingaboutthenewstudento.宾补:对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语.有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：Weelectedhimmonitoro（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn,tcomehere。（名）Wewillmakethemhappy。（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.（副词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don,tlethimdothat。（省七。不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带土。不定式）Don,tkeepthelightsburning。（现在分词）I,llhavemybikerepaired。 （过去分词）.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor. Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom。Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalessono7。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteachero（名词）Heisourfriendo （代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalessono（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（副词）Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysistero（介词）TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow。 （过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置.而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo。Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter。Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?

（完整版）英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解8.状语：用来修饰v。，adj。，adv.,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting——room.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather。HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell。Hedidn,tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike。Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1.主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches1.主语+不及物动词2.主语+及物动词2.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.3。主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy..主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook。.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.★There+be句型Therearesomebooksonthedesk。Thereliesabookonthedesk.Exercises:分析下列句子成分1oOurschoolisnotfarfrommyhomeo21oOurschoolisnotfarfrommyhomeo2。ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.MygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoesoAllofusconsideredhimhonest.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoeso5oHebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.5oHebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）（完整版）英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1、你应该努力学习Youshouldstudyhard.2、他昨天晚上很晚回家Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.练习：1、Thisboxweighsfivekilos.这个盒子重五公斤。2、IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago。五年前我住在北京.主谓宾结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）1、我昨晚写了一封信Iwrotealetterlastnighto2、我今天下午想和你谈谈Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoono练习：1、AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy。我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩.2、Hedidnotknowwhattosay. 他不知道说什麽好。主系表结构（主语+系动词+表语）1.我的弟弟都是大学生Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2。在冬天，白天很短夜晚很长Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelongo3.布朗女士看上去很健康MrsBrownlooksveryhealthyo4。在他15岁那年他成为了著名的画家Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianisto练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。Theleaveshaveturnedyellow。2、这个报告听起来很有意思.Thereportsoundsinterestingo双宾语结构（主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）.强森先生去年叫我们德语MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyearo.祖父昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight。练习：1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ ShallIcallyouataxi?复合宾语结构（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）（完整版）英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1.我们叫她爱丽丝WecallherAlice。2。他父母叫他约翰HisparentsnamedhimJohn.练习：1、学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbeginso2