2023届高考英语AnalyzingtheStructureandLogicofExpositoryEssaysorArgumentation导学案

AnalyzingtheStructureandLogicof

ExpositoryEssaysorArgumentation

篇章结构角度破解说明文或议论文

1.Q:What'syourimpressiononthepassageCorDinReading

Comprehension?

高考阅读理解文章各文体的比重：

年份总题数ABCD

2021全国I卷15应用文记叙文说明文说明文

2020全国I卷15应用文记叙文说明文说明文

2019全国I卷15应用文记叙文说明文说明性议论文

2018全国I卷15应用文记叙文说明文说明文

2017全国I卷15应用文记叙文记叙文说明文

2.Discussion

Pleaseexchangeyouropinionsofthefollowingtasks.

Passage1

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio

，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,

employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecorated

withhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastep

further一changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,

evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavesto

showwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfillchemicalsin

groundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthe

thingsthatweuseeveryday,“explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineering

atMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano*steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightfor

three-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,is

justastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsorevento

turntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayed

ontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplantslifetime.Theengineersare

alsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedto

daylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）-suchasthedistancefromapower

planttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输

）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

Task1.Identifythestyleandfindthetopic识别文体及找主题

1.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheauthorinformusof?

A.aproblemB.aphenomenon

C.theresult（s）ofanexperimentorresearch...

3.Whattypeofwritingdoesthepassagebelongto?

A.argumentation（议论）B.narration（记叙）

C.exposition（说明）D.description（描写）

Task2.Clarifythestructureoftheresearch理清结构

Paragraph1:

Paragraph2:

Paragraph3:

Paragraph4:

Paragraph5:

Task3.Underlinethekeyinformation（oftenliesaftertransitions）

在文章各段划出关键信息（借助衔接词）

Task4Figureoutlonganddifficultsentences分析长难句

Para.2Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavesto

showwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicals

ingroundwater.划分成分并翻译

Passage2

ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrash

problem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors（处理器）someassmallas500squarefeet-

houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.

Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.

In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory.......Thesmallscaleofthema-chineswillmakeit

easierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.The

approachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,a-voidingthelong,often

international,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Witha

microfactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract（提取）

elementsandproducenewproducts,"saysSahajwalla.

2

Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemeltingdown

plastictomakemoreplasticthings.SahajwaHa'sinventionadvancesthisidea.......

ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla1sprogramshelptodevelopinnovationandpromotecooperationwith

industry,ensuringthatsustainablematerialsandprocessesbecomecommerciallypracticalsolutionsfor

dealingwithwaste.

Passage3

Throughouthistory,manyspeciesofanimalshavebeenthreatenedwithextinction.WhenEuropeans

firstarrivedinNorthAmerica,morethan60millionbuffalo(水牛)livedonthecontinent.......Insome

countriestoday,theelephantfacesasimilarchallenge,asillegalhunterskilltheanimalsfortheivoryin

theirtusks.

........Whydoesthecommercialvalueofivorythreatentheelephant,whilethecommercialvalueof

beefprotectsthecow?

Thereasonisthatelephantsareacommonresource,whilecowsareprivategoods.........

Governmentshavetriedtosolvetheelephant'sproblemintwoways.Somecountries,suchasKenya

andUganda,havemadeitillegaltokillelephantsandselltheirivory.......Bycontrast,othercountries,

suchasMalawiandNamibia,havemadeelephantsprivategoodsandallowedpeopletokillelephants,but

onlythoseontheirownproperty.

........TheancientGreekphilosopherAristotlepointedouttheproblemwithcommonresources:"

Whatiscommontomanyistakenleastcareof,forallmenhavegreaterregardforwhatistheirownthan

forwhattheypossessincommonwithothers."

3.Summary

1.thedefinitionofexposition(说明文)

(1)

(2)

2.Thestructureofexposition

2.1事物性说明文的常见展开模式

2.2.Featuresonaresearchorastudy

3.Takeadvantageoftransitionstoclarifythelogicalrelationship

例证关系

转折关系

因果关系

递进关系

并列关系

4.Practice

Readthepassageandchoosetherightanswers.

3

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolfor

genius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisit

thatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoare

they?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,of

Europeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,

andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionswere

madebygeniusesoutsidetheclub一women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-they

wereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikely

thanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性另ij）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,the

studyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobe

forchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkers

becomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewe

willseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearance

ofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,

perseverance（毅力）,andsi