长城英文介绍中英文对照课件

TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinnorthernChina,builtoriginallytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpireagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgroups.Severalwallshavebeenbuiltsincethe5thcenturyBCthatarereferredtocollectivelyastheGreatWall,whichhasbeenrebuiltandmaintainedfromthe5thcenturyBCthroughthe16thcentury.Oneofthemostfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220–206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,QinShiHuang.Littleofthatwallremains;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty.TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaHistory历史Visibilityfromspace太空视野Notableareas著名的区域HistoryTheChinesewerealreadyfamiliarwiththetechniquesofwall-buildingbythetimeoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriodfromthe5thcenturyBCto221BC,thestatesofQin,Wei,Zhao,QiandYanallconstructedextensivefortificationstodefendtheirownborders.QinShiHuangconqueredallopposingstatesandunifiedChinain221BC,establishingtheQinDynasty.ToprotecttheempireagainstintrusionsbytheXiongnupeoplefromthenorth,heorderedthebuildingofanewwalltoconnecttheremainingfortificationsalongtheempire'snewnorthernfrontier.Mostoftheancientwallshaveerodedawayoverthecenturies,andveryfewsectionsremaintoday.

从春秋时代开始，我国古代人民便已熟悉城墙建造技术。在从公元前5世纪至公元前221年的战国时期，秦、魏、赵、齐和燕各国建立广泛的防御工事来保卫自己的边界。公元前221年，秦始皇征服了所有反对国家而统一了个国，建立秦朝。为了避免匈奴人的入侵，他下沿着整个国家的北部边界建立新的城墙，以连接残留的防御工事。古城墙大部分已侵蚀了数百年，只有极少数路段保留至今。后来的长城由汉，隋和晋朝以极大的代价来修理，改建或是扩建长城以捍卫自己免于北方的侵略。在15世纪40-60年代，明朝修建了所谓的“辽东长城”。明朝末年，长城抵御了满清帝国入侵。然而，当山海关隘口被吴三桂打开后，满族人迅速占领了北京，建立了清朝。在清朝统治下，中国的边界一直延伸到长城之外和蒙古，所以建造和维修长城的工事被停止。HistoryNotableareas

1."NorthPass"ofJuyongguanpass,knownastheBadaling.Madeofstoneandbricksfromthehills,thisportionoftheGreatWallis7.8

meters(25.6

ft)highand5

meters(16.4

ft)wide.

“北通”居庸关，也就是八达岭。由石头和砖块砌成，这部分长城高7.8米（25.6英尺）宽5米（16.4英尺）。2.“WestPass”ofJiayuguan.ThisfortisnearthewesternedgesoftheGreatWall.

“西通”嘉峪关。这个要塞靠近长城的西部边缘。

3."EastPass"ofShanhaiguan.ThisfortisneartheeasternedgesoftheGreatWall.

“东通”山海关。这个要塞靠近长城的东部边缘。Visibilityfromspace

AmorecontroversialquestioniswhethertheWallisvisiblefromlowearthorbit(analtitudeofaslittleas100miles(160km)).NASAclaimsthatitisbarelyvisible,andonlyundernearlyperfectconditions;itisnomoreconspicuousthanmanyotherman-madeobjects

比较有争议的问题是，长城在低地球轨道上(海拔仅为100英里（160公里）是否可见。美国国家航空航天局声称几乎是看不到