书面表达微策略一(完整版)实用资料

书面表达微策略一（完整版）实用资料(可以直接使用，可编辑完整版实用资料，欢迎下载）

书面表达微策略一：句子的配置书面表达微策略一（完整版）实用资料(可以直接使用，可编辑完整版实用资料，欢迎下载）■句子的配置简图1.非限制性定语从句＋简单句（功能：为说理提供铺垫）1)众所周知，上课最有效、最重要的吸收知识的方式。Attendingclassesisthemosteffectiveandimportantwaytoabsorbknowledge.Asisknowntousall，attendingclassesisthemosteffectiveandimportantwaytoabsorbknowledge.2)正如每人所知，词汇是语言的一个重要组成部分。Vocabularyisanimportantpartoflanguage.Aseverybodyknows,vocabularyisanimportantpartoflanguage.2.七大状语从句＋简单句（功能：为事情的发生提供背景）1)每次看到这个礼物，我都禁不住想起我的朋友。(时间状语从句)Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.WheneverIlookatthegift,Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.2)虽然试卷上有些问题好像不熟悉，但是它们很容易回答。（让步状语从句）Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.Thoughsomeofthequestionsseemunfamiliartome,Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.3)如果我来选择，我更喜欢在假期去旅游。（条件状语从句）Iprefertogotravellingduringtheholidays.IfIhavetomakeachoice,Iprefertogotravellingduringtheholidays.4)正如你所言，一些人尚未意识到食物浪费。（方式状语从句）Somepeopleareunawareoffoodwaste.Justasyouputit,somepeopleareunawareoffoodwaste.5)因为教师节即将来临，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的日子。（原因状语从句）Ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.SinceTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.6)为了这些孩子的生活条件，他们的父母前往大城市打零工。（目的状语从句）Theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney.Inorderthattheirlivingconditionscanbeimproved,theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney.7)有人的地方，就会有矛盾和冲突。（地点状语从句）Therearecontradictionsandconflicts.Wheretherearepeople,therearecontradictionsandconflicts.3.调整语气的“帽子语”＋简单句（功能：加强或削弱所说的事情的肯定语气）1)毫无怀疑，他们的事迹一定会感动中国。TheirdeedsarecertaintomovethewholeChina.ThereisnodoubtthattheirdeedsarecertaintomovethewholeChina.2)广为人知，中国高考在每年的6月7-8日两天举行。ThecollegeentranceexaminationinChinafallsonJune7and8eachyear.Itiswidelyknown/acknowledgedthatthecollegeentranceexaminationinChinafallsonJune7and8eachyear.3)好像你们的培训费没有什么折扣。Therearenodiscountsinyourtuitionfees.Itseemsthattherearenodiscountsinyourtuitionfees.4)无可否认，家庭作业在学习中占重要作用。Homeworkplaysanimportantroleinstudy.Thereisnodenyingthathomeworkplaysanimportantroleinstudy.5)显然，这种教育只关注知识而不关心孩子们的全面发展。Thiskindofeducationcentersonlyonknowledgeinsteadofchildren’sall-rounddevelopment.It’sobvious/clearthatthiskindofeducationcentersonlyonknowledgeinsteadofchildren’sall-rounddevelopment.4.非谓语＋简单句或简单句＋非谓语（功能：a.相当于状语从句，为事情的发生提供背景或交待结果;b.替代2个并列谓语的使用）1)只有少部分接受调查的学生不同意这个观点，他们说这种坏习惯很难戒除。Onlysmallpartofthestudentssurveyeddisagree.Onlysmallpartofthestudentssurveyeddisagree,arguingthatbadhabitsaredifficulttogetridof.(伴随状语或相当于原因状语从句)2）看到我们为他准备的蛋糕和礼物，奶奶激动地笑着。Grandmafeltsoexitedthatshecouldn’thelpsmiling.Lookingatthecakeandgiftspreparedforher,Grandmafeltsoexitedthatshecouldn’thelpsmiling.(相当于原因状语从句)3)在复习过程中，我们可以每天做一些语法小练习，加强自己的语法。Inthecourseofgeneralrevision,itmakessensetodosomegrammardrillseveryday.Inthecourseofgeneralrevision,itmakessensetodosomegrammardrillseveryday,makingyourEnglishimproved.(做结果状语，或相当于结果或目的状语从句)4)父母亲为我们买大量学校资料，希望我们更加努力学习，取得更大进步。Ourparentshaveboughtalotoflearningmaterials.Ourparentshaveboughtalotoflearningmaterials,hopingthatwecanworkharderandmakegreaterprogress.(替代并列动词的功能，类似于Ourparentshaveboughtalotoflearningmaterialsandhopethatwecanworkharderandmakegreaterprogress.)5)喝完水后，这个小男孩手拿空瓶子走向附近的垃圾桶。Theboywalkstowardsanearbydustbinwiththeemptybottleinhishand.Havingdrunkupthewater,theboywalkstowardsanearbydustbinwiththeemptybottleinhishand.(相当于after引导的时间状语从句)6)为了使脚干燥舒适，这双鞋配备有一台微波电扇。Theshoesareequippedwithamicro-fan.Tokeepthefeetdryandcomfortable,theshoesareequippedwithamicro-fan.（相当于一个目的状语从句）7)他们的父母亲到大城市打工挣钱，把他们丢在家里。Theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney.Theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney,leavingthemathome.(非谓语做结果状语，相当于并列动词的功能：Theirparentsrushtothebigcitiestodooddjobsandleftthemathome)5.小品语＋简单句（功能：掌握后使考生易于下笔，自然地完成文章的开头或过渡）1）按照时间表，我们今天有一场英语口语竞赛。WehaveaspokenEnglishContesttoday.Asscheduled,wehaveaspokenEnglishContesttoday.2)作为一名学生读者，我写信是想谈谈你们出版社出版的英语课本。I’mwritingtotalkabouttheEnglishtextbookspublishedbyyourpublishinghouse.Asastudentreader,I’mwritingtotalkabouttheEnglishtextbookspublishedbyyourpublishinghouse.3)对于学生而言，你最好选择你感兴趣且适合自己的课外活动。You’dbetterchoosetheafter-classactivitieswhichinterestyouandsuityou.Tostudents,you’dbetterchoosetheafter-classactivitieswhichinterestyouandsuityou.4)具体点说，我们可以从四个方面来培养这个习惯。Wecandevelopthegoodhabitfromfouraspects.Tobepractical,wecandevelopthegoodhabitfromfouraspects.5)就我而言，我觉得全体师生都应该致力于创造一个绿色的校园。Ifeelallthestudentsandteachersaresupposedtomakeourcampusagreenplacetostayon.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Ifeelallthestudentsandteachersaresupposedtomakeourcampusagreenplacetostayon.6)随着中国经济的快速发展，越来越多的家庭拥有私家车。Moreandmorefamiliesowntheirprivatecars.WiththerapidadvanceofChina’seconomy,moreandmorefamiliesowntheirprivatecars.7)父母亲应该鼓励孩子依靠自己，克服困难，而并非为孩子做一切。Parentsshouldinspiretheirkidstodependonthemselvesanovercomedifficulties.Insteadofdoingeverythingfortheirchildren,parentsshouldinspiretheirkidstodependonthemselvesanovercomedifficulties.8)在如今家长眼里，孩子们很幸福，因为深受照顾。Childrenarequitehappybecausetheyaregivencareandlove.Fromthepointoftoday’sparents,childrenarequitehappybecausetheyaregivencareandlove.9)在我的帮忙下，奶奶成功地学会使用那部。Grandmamanagedtooperatethemobilephoneatlast.Withmyhelp,Grandmamanagedtooperatethemobilephoneatlast.10)多亏老师的帮忙和鼓励，我终于通过了数学考试。Ipassedthemathexamintheend.Thankstotheteacher’shelpandencouragement,Ipassedthemathexamintheend.11)作为一名高中生，我坚定的认为是时候采取措施减轻学生负担了。Ifirmlybelieveit’stimethatweshouldtakeimmediateactiontofreestudentsfromheavyacademicburden.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,Ifirmlybelieveit’stimethatweshouldtakeimmediateactiontofreestudentsfromheavyacademicburden.12)与美国中学生相比，中国学生的学习要累的多。Chinesehighschoolstudentshavetomakegreatereffortsatschool.ComparedwithAmericanhighschoolstudents,Chinesehighschoolstudentshavetomakegreatereffortsatschool.13)幸运的是，我的同桌发现了我的忧郁，并帮了我。Mydeskmatediscoveredmydepressionandofferedtohelpmeout.Fortunately,mydeskmatediscoveredmydepressionandofferedtohelpmeout.14)基于我的个人经历，我提出如下建议。HereI’dliketoputforwardthefollowingsuggestions.Basedonmypersonalexperience,hereI’dliketoputforwardthefollowingsuggestions.15)根据这项调查结果，42℅的调查对象更喜欢阅读电子书。Forty-twopercentoftherespondentspreferredreadinge-books.Accordingtothefindings,42percentoftherespondentspreferredreadinge-books.16)在这种情况下，我们应该提供帮忙，把老人扶起来。Whatmattersisthatweoffertohelptheoldmanup.Inthiscase/Underthiscircumstance,whatmattersisthatweoffertohelptheoldmanup.17)当谈到这个话题，难忘的记忆涌向心头。Unforgettablememoriesfloodintomymind.Whenitcomestothistopic,unforgettablememoriesfloodintomymind.18)在某种程度上，体育课是我们在学校唯一放松和开心时刻。PEclassisouronlychancetorelaxandenjoyourselvesinschool.Toacertaindegree/extent,PEclassisouronlychancetorelaxandenjoyourselvesinschool.19)在我看来，我们应该表达对父母的爱。Weoughttoshowouraffectionforourbelovedparents.Frommypointofview,weoughttoshowouraffectionforourbelovedparents.6.对简单句中的主语、宾语、表语的定语从句化（功能：使简单句中的主语或宾语或表语更详细、更精确）1）Icanwellrememberanaccident.IcanwellrememberanaccidentthathappenedonarainySunday.2）Thankstoourmathteacher,thestudentshaveturnedouttobeinterestedinthesubject.Thankstoourmathteacher,thestudentswhousedtodislikemathhaveturnedouttobeinterestedinthesubject.3)Theloudnoisedisturbsthepeople.Theloudnoisedisturbsthepeoplewholivearoundthesquare.4)Istillremembertheday.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfailedmyphysicsandfeltupset.7.对简单句中的主语、宾语、表语的名语从句化（功能：a.代替it,this,that等,使作者思想更具体清晰b.对做形式主语／宾语的具体化）1)Itisthetimewhenweenjoythemoontogether.WhatIlovemostisthetimewhenweenjoythemoontogether.2)Idobelievethat.Idobelievethathappinessresultsfromofferinghelptoothers.3)Iwasveryangryaboutit.IwasquiteannoyedthatIoftenforgetthosenewwords.4)It’sagoodvirtue.It’sagoodvirtuethatweprefertogiveratherthanreceive.5)Ifinditbeneficial.IfinditbeneficialthatwecanimproveourwritingskillsbykeepingdiariesinEnglish.6)Oneofmyworriesisthat.Oneofmyconcernsisthatphysicsismydisadvantage.8.对简单句中的形容词/副词的结果状语从句化、让步状语从句化、感叹句化（功能：使文章语言文字更生动活泼）1)Myschoollifeisdull.IfeelthatmyschoollifeissodullthatIevendecidetogiveup.2)Iwasexcitedtoseethenewbike.IwassoexcitedtoseethenewbikethatIcouldn’twaittorideit.3)Weworkhard,butfailurewillaccompanyuslikeshades.Howeverhardwework,failurewillaccompanyuslikeshades.4)It’sanunforgettablelesson.WhatanunforgettablelessonIlearnedfromtheincident!9.对简单句中的主语、宾语、表语的非谓语化（功能：使简单句中的主语、宾语或表语更详细、更精确）1)TheschoolDVContestwillgiveyouagoodchancetosharewhatyourecordwithmorepeople.TheschoolDVContestorganizedbytheEnglishClubwillgiveyouagoodchancetosharewhatyourecordwithmorepeople.2)Atthesametime,thepeoplehavetherighttoliveinpeace.Atthesametime,thepeoplelivingaroundthesquarehavetherighttoliveinpeace.3)Infact,IwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.Infact,IwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetitionheldinourschoollastsemester.4)ThebirthdaypartyonthisFridaynightwilllastonehour.ThebirthdaypartytobeheldonthisFridaynightwilllastonehour.10.简单句＋非限制性定语从句（功能：a.使简单句中的主语或宾语或表语具体化，使其形象更饱满;b.补充说明简单句所包含的事情的影响或结果）1)Ourclassismadeupof50boysandgirls.Ourclassismadeupof50boysandgirls,whoarefriendlyandreadytoofferhelp.2)OurschoolislocatedinthesouthofHefeiCity.OurschoolislocatedinthesouthofHefeiCity,whereyoucanseediligentstudentshereandthere.3)Westudentscanhelpparentstoeasetheirburdenofhomework.Westudentscanhelpparentstoeasetheirburdenofhomework,whichmayhelpushaveabetterunderstandingofrespectingparents.AnalyticalMethodsArapidshaking-basedionicliquiddispersiveliquidphasemicroextractionforthesimultaneousdeterminationofsixsyntheticfoodcolourantsinsoftdrinks,sugar-andgelatin-basedconfectionerybyhigh-performanceliquidchromatographyHaoWua,Jing-boGuob,Li-mingDua,⇑,HongTiana,Cheng-xuanHaoa,Zhi-fengWangb,Jie-yanWangaaAnalyticalandTestingCenter,ShanxiNormalUniversity,ShanxiLinfen041004,PRChinabDepartmentofEngineering,ShanxiNormalUniversity,ShanxiLinfen041004,PRChinaarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received8February2021Receivedinrevisedform2March2021Accepted5March2021Availableonline14March2021Keywords:Rapidshaking-basedionicliquiddispersiveliquidphasemicroextractionSyntheticfoodcolourantsHigh-performanceliquidchromatographyabstractAnovelandsimplerapidshaking-basedmethodofionicliquiddispersiveliquidphasemicroextractionforthedeterminationofsixsyntheticfoodcolourants(Tartrazine,Amaranth,SunsetYellow,AlluraRed,Ponceau4R,andErythrosineinsoftdrinks,sugar-andgelatin-basedconfectionerywasestablished.High-performanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithanultravioletdetectorwasusedforthedetermi-nations.Theextractionproceduredidnotrequireadispersivesolvent,heat,ultrasonication,oradditionalchemicalreagents.1-Octyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate([C8MIM][BF4]wasdispersedinanaqueoussamplesolutionasfinedropletsbymanualshaking,enablingtheeasiermigrationofanalytesintotheionicliquidphase.Factorssuchasthe[C8MIM][BF4]volume,samplepH,extractiontime,andcentrifugationtimewereinvestigated.Undertheoptimumexperimentalconditions,theproposedmethodshowedexcellentdetectionsensitivitywithlimitsofdetection(signal-to-noiseratio=3within0.015–0.32ng/mL.Themethodwasalsosuccessfullyusedinanalysingrealfoodsamples.Goodspikedrecoveriesfrom95.8%–104.5%wereobtained.Ó2021ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionColourisamainfeatureoffoods.Itsaffectonpeopleisnotonlyvisual;itisalsoassociatedwithfoodvariety,quality,andfresh-ness.Foodcolourantshavebeenusedtoreplacenaturalfoodcol-our,whichcanbelostduringpreparationprocesses.Colourantsarealsousedtopreventcolourchangesinthefinalproduct(Berzas,Flores,Llerena,&Farinas,1999andprovideattractivenesstoconsumers,particularlychildren(Hofer&Jenewein,1997.Inrecentyears,naturalfoodcolourantsisolatedfromsuitableplants,fungi,orinsectshavebeenincreasinglyused.However,manynaturalcolourantsbecomeunstableunderprocessingconditionssuchas,light,oxygen,andpH.Naturalcolourantsarealsomoreexpensivethansyntheticones.Theuseofsyntheticorganicdyeshasbeenrecognisedasthemostreliableandeconomicalmethodofrestoringorprovidingcolourtoaprocessedproduct.However,someofthesesubstancesposepotentialriskstohumanhealth,especiallywhenconsumedinexcess.Topreventindiscriminateuse,lawsandregulationsbasedintoxicologicalstudiesonexperimentalanimalsandhumanclinicalstudieshavebeendevelopedinmanycountries.Thepolicieslimitthetypes,purities,uses,andamountsoffoodcolourantspermittedinfoodanddrinks.Consequently,sensitive,accurate,andreliablemethodsfordeterminingsyntheticcolourantsarerequiredtoen-surefoodsafety.Severalanalyticaltechniqueshavebeendevelopedtofacilitatethesimultaneousdeterminationofvarioussyntheticfoodcolourants.Suchtechniquesincludederivativespectrometryandotherspectrophotometricmethodsrelatedwithchemometrics(Al-Degs,2021;Berzasetal.,1999;Ni&Gong,1997;Sayar&Özdemir,1998,adsorptivevoltammetry(Ni,Bai,&Jin,1997,differentialpulsepolarography(Chanlon,Joly-Pottuz,Chatelut,Vittori,&Cretier,2005;Combeau,Chatelut,&Vittori,2002,thin-layerchromatography(Morlock&Oellig,2021,capillaryelectro-phoresis(Dossietal.,2007;Ryvolova,Taborsky,Vrabel,Krasensky,&Preisler,2007,high-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC(Minioti,Sakellariou,&Thomaidis,2007;PereiraAlves,Brum,BrancodeAndrade,&PereiraNetto,2021;Vidotti,Costa,&Oli-veira,2006;Yoshioka&Ichihashi,2021,aswellasionchromatog-raphy(Chen,Mou,Hou,Riviello,&Ni,1998.Arecentlyproposedmethod,dispersiveliquid–liquidmicroex-traction(DLLME(Rezaeeetal.,2006,isbasedontheformationofaturbidsolutionbytherapidinjectionofamixturecontainingCorrespondingauthor.Tel./fax:+863572057969.E-mailaddress:lmd@(L.-m.Du.extractionanddispersersolventsintoanaqueoussolution.Theextractionsolventisdispersedintotheaqueoussampleasveryfinedroplets,enablingtheanalytestotransfereasilytotheextrac-tionsolvent.Whenextractionequilibriumisachieved,phaseseparationisperformedbycentrifugationandtheenrichedana-lytesinthesedimentphasecanbedetermined.Comparedwithothermicroextractionmethods,thistechniqueismoreconvenient,simple,andrequireslessexpensivedevices.Moreimportantly,DLLMEcanbeappliedunderbatchconditionsandextractioncanbecompletedinseveralseconds,resultinginfasterextractionandshorteranalyticaltime.Roomtemperatureionicliquids(RTILsareagroupofnewor-ganicsaltsconsistingoforganiccationsandvariousanionsthatareliquidatroomtemperature.RTILshavebeenusedasextractionsolventsinplaceoforganicsolventsbecauseoftheiruniquephys-icochemicalproperties,suchasnegligiblevapourpressure,misci-bilitywithwaterandorganicsolvents,goodsolubilityinorganicandinorganiccompounds,andhighthermalstabilityaswellasbeingenvironmentallybenign(Pandey,2006;Poole&Poole,2021.DLLMEbasedonionliquids(ILs(IL-DLLMEwasintroducedbyZhouetal.in2021(Zhou,Bai,Xie,&Xiao,2021.Thisapproachneedsanorganicsolventasthedispersivesolventandheattoaidthecompletedispersionofawater-immiscibleILintotheaqueousphase,thensedimentationbycoolingwithicewater.Extractionre-quiresaspecificheatingtimeandcoolingprocess,whichisrela-tivelytimeandenergyconsuming.Toimprovetheextractionperformanceoftemperature-controlledDLLME,ultrasoundisusedtodispersetheILextractionsolvent(Zhou,Zhang,&Xiao,2021,butthecoolingprocessanddispersiveorganicsolventarestillneededtoobtainaturbidsolution.ThenYaoandAnderson(2021reportedamethodforinsituILformationDLLME,whereinthehydrophilicILiscompletelydissolvedintheaqueousphaseandanion-exchangereagentisaddedtoformawater-immiscibleIL.Althoughthismethodovercomestheweaknessesdescribedabove,theadditionofexcession-exchangereagentisrequired,whichcomplicatesthemethod.Inthecurrentwork,asimpleandefficientmanualshaking-basedmethodofIL-DLLMEwasdeveloped.Theproceduredoesnotrequireadispersivesolvent,heat,ultrasonication,oradditionalchemicalreagents,incontrasttoconventionalIL-DLLME.IL([C8MIM][BF4]wasdispersedinanaqueoussolutionasfinedrop-letsbymanualshaking,promotingmigrationoftheanalytestotheionicliquidphase,thencoupledwithHPLC-ultraviolet(UVspec-trophotometrydetermination.Theeffectsofvariousexperimentalparameters,includingthe[C8MIM][BF4]volume,samplepH,extractiontime,andcentrifugationtime,havebeeninvestigatedandoptimisedfortheextractionofsixsyntheticfoodcolourants.2.Materialsandmethods2.1.ReagentsandstandardsThestandardstocksolutionsofthecolourantsTartrazine(TAR;C.I.FoodYellow4;0.5mg/mL,Amaranth(AMA;C.I.FoodRed9;0.5mg/mL,SunsetYellow(SUN;C.I.FoodYellow3;0.5mg/mL,AlluraRed(ALL;C.I.FoodRed17;1.0mg/mL,Ponceau4R(PON;C.I.FoodRed7;0.5mg/mL,andErythrosine(ERY;C.I.FoodRed14;0.1mg/mLwereobtainedfromtheNationalResearchCenterforCertifiedReferenceMaterials(Beijing,China.Themixedstan-dardsolutionscontainingallcolourantsat0.05mg/mLwaspreparedbymixinganddilutionofappropriatealiquotsfromstandardstocksolutionofeachsubstance.Workingsolutionswerepreparedbyappropriatedilutionsofthemixedstandardsolutionswithwater.HPLC-grademethanolandacetonitrilewerepurchasedfromTianjinGuangfuFineChemicalResearchInstitute(Tianjin,China.1-Octyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate([C8MIM][BF4],1-hexyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride([C6MIM][Cl],and1-oc-tyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride([C8MIM][Cl]wereobtainedfromShanghaiChengJieChemicalCo.,Ltd.(Shanghai,China.Milli-Qwater(Millipore,Bedford,MA,USAwasusedthroughoutthestudy.Allotherreagentswereanalyticalgradeandwerepur-chasedfromTianjinKemiouChemicalReagentCo.,Ltd.(Tianjin,China.AllsolutionspreparedforHPLCwerefilteredthrough0.45lmmembranesbeforeuse.2.2.InstrumentsThechromatographyequipmentwasa1525binaryHPLCpumpanda2489dualkUVdetectorfromWaters(WatersCorporation,USA.TheWatersBreezesoftwarewasusedtocontroltheinstru-mentsandacquiredata.ThechromatographicseparationoftheanalyteswascarriedoutonaGeminiC18column(5lm;4.6mmÂ250mm;Phenomenex,Torrance,CA,USA.ApHmeter(ModelpHS-3C,ShanghaiTiandaApparatusCo.,Ltd.,ChinawasusedforpHadjustment.AcentrifugeModelTDZ4-WS(XiangYiCentrifugeInstrumentCo.,Ltd.,Chinawasemployedtoacceleratethephase-separationprocess.2.3.PreparationofthesamplesolutionAllsamples,includingsoftdrink,sugar-basedandgelatin-basedconfectionery,wereobtainedfromalocalmarket.Appropriateamounts(0.3–2.5gofthesamplesweredissolvedin25mLofwater.Thecarbonateddrinksweredegassedbyultrasonicationfor5min.Awarmingprocess(50°C,30minwasusedforthecompletedissolutionofthesugar-basedandgelatin-basedconfec-tionery.Samplesweredilutedto50mLinavolumetricflaskwithanacetatebuffersolution(0.2mol/L,pH5.0.ThesesolutionswerefilteredthroughafoldedXinhuapaperfilter(No.102,andthefil-tratewascollectedafterdiscardingthefirst15mL.2.4.ExtractionprocedureAhomogeneoussamplesolution(10.0mLcontainingtheana-lyteswasplacedina15mLscrew-capconical-bottomgraduatedplasticcentrifugaltube.Usinga500lLsyringe,350lLofRTILwasinjectedintothesamplesolution.Manualshaking(30timesin20sresultedintheformationofaturbidsolution,whichwascentrifugedfor8minatarateof3500rpm(1685g.Theupperaqueoussolutionwasremovedusingapipette,andthevolumeofresidualILwasalmost180lL.MethanolwasaddedtotheILres-idueenrichedwithanalytestoobtainavolumeof300lL.Usinga25lLHPLCmicrosyringe,10lLoftheenrichedsolutionwasin-jecteddirectlyintotheHPLCsystem.Allexperimentswereper-formedintriplicate.ThesyringewasrinsedwithmethanolandacetonitrilemultipletimestoremoveresidualanalytesandIL.2.5.InterferenceexperimentsTheinterferenceswerestudiedbyanalysing10mLsolutioncontaining100ngmLÀ1colourantsandotherchemicalspeciesatdifferentconcentrations(0.1–100lgmLÀ1,accordingtotherec-ommendedextractionprocedure.Tolerancelimitofeachspecieswastakenasthelargestamountyieldinganerrorinthedetermi-nationoftheanalytenotexceeding5%.2.6.RecoveryanddatahandlingRecoveryevaluationswereperformedbyspikingknownamountsofthecoloursintothesamplesbeforeprocessingandcomparingtheresultswiththosefromthesamesamplespriorH.Wuetal./FoodChemistry141(2021182–186183spiking.Recoverieswereestimatedtionsandexpressedaspercentages.FinaltreatmentofdataandandrecoverywereperformedusingsoftExcel.2.7.ChromatographicconditionsTheflowrateofthemobilemin.Thesampleinjectionvolumeofthecolumnwascontrolledat30tained0.1mol/Lammoniumacetatejustedby10mol/Lsodiummethanol–acetonitrile(30:70,v/v.5%–50%B(0–20minfollowedbydetectionwavelengthwassetat430TARand510nmfortheothergramsofthepost-extractionmixedtionsareshowninFig.1.3.Resultsanddiscussion3.1.ComparisonofionicliquidInthecurrentstudy,fiveMIM][BF4],thanesulfonyl]imide([C6MIM][NTfzoliumhexafluorophosphate([C6dazoliumand1-octyl-3-methylimidazoliumMIM][PF6]wereinvestigated.Abymanualshaking(Fig.2aafterTheothercommonlyusedILswereDLLMEmethod(Yao&Anderson,[C6MIM][Cl]and[C8MIM][Cl]werealsoused.Theion-exchangere-agentswerelithiumbis[(trifluoromethanesulfony]imide(LiNTf2andsodiumhexafluorophosphate(NaPF6.When350lLofwater-miscibleILand0.35gofsaltwereaddedtotheaqueousphase,immiscibleILs[C6MIM][NTf2],[C6MIM][PF6],[C8-MIM][NTf2],and[C8MIM][PF6]wereformed.Atthesametime,aturbidsolutionwithfinemicrodropletswasalsoformed,asshowninFig.2a.After8minofcentrifugationat3500rpm,theILphasewaswellseparatedfromtheaqueousphase,asshowninFig.2b.[C8MIM][BF4]wasfoundtohavethebestextractionefficiencyofthefiveILsfortheartificialcolours.3.2.EffectoftheILvolumeTheamountof[C8MIM][BF4]usedinthepreconcentrationpro-cedureisacriticalfactorforobtainingahighextractionperfor-mance.Therefore,theextractionsystemwascarefullystudiedtodeterminethelowestIL-phasevolumenecessaryforachievingthebestextraction.Theeffectof[C8MIM][BF4]wasstudiedwithintherangeof250–450lL.Fig.3showsthatwithincreasedamountof[C8MIM][BF4],thepeakareaincreasedandreachedaconstant184valuewhen[C8MIM][BF4]exceeded350lL,exceptforTAR.FurtherincreasesinILreducedtheenrichmentfactorachieved.Therefore,350lLof[C8MIM][BF4]wasusedinthesubsequentexperiments.3.3.EffectofsamplepHTheeffectsofpHontheextractionwerestudiedwithinthepHrangeof0.7–12usinghydrochloricacidandsodiumhydroxide,andtheresultsareshowninFig.4.Theextractionefficiencyofallcol-ourantsremainedrelativelyconstantoverthepHrangeof2–11.However,theextractionrecoverydecreasedwithfurtherde-creasedorincreasedpH.Consideringmostfoodsareweakacidsorneutral,pH5.0wasusedinallsubsequentexperiments.3.4.EffectofextractiontimeAturbidsolutionwaseasilyformedatroomtemperature(25±1°C;thus,theequilibrationtemperatureintheextractionprocesswassetatroomtemperature.Liquid-phasemicroextrac-tionisatime-dependentprocess.Consequently,theeffectoftheextractiontimewasexaminedwithintherangeof0–20minatroomtemperature.Inthisexperiment,extractiontimewasfromtheILdispersionintothesolutionaftermanualshakingtobeforetheinitiationofcentrifugation.Theextractiontimehadnosignifi-canteffectontheextractionefficiency.Therefore,tokeeptheanal-ysistimeasshortaspossible,thecloudysolutionwascentrifugedimmediatelyafterthepreparationatroomtemperature.IncomparisonwiththeotherreportedIL-DLLMEmethods,suchastemperature-controlled(30min(Zhouetal.,2021,ultrasound-assisted(35min(Zhouetal.,2021andinsitusolventformation(30s(Yao&Anderson,2021IL-DLLME,therapidshaking-basedIL-DLLME(20shasasignificantlyshorteroperationtimeforextraction.3.5.EffectofcentrifugetimeCentrifugation,whichcontrolsphaseseparation,isacrucialstepintheproposedmethod.Thefinalperformancebenefitsfromafullphaseseparation.Toachievethebestextractionefficiency,centrifugationtimeswithintherangeof6–14minwereexaminedatarateof3500rpm.At8min,extractionrecoverybecamecon-stant,indicatingthecompletetransferoftheILphase.Therefore,theoptimumcentrifugationtimewasdeterminedas8min.3.6.InfluenceofinterferingsubstancesTheselectivityoftheproposedmethodwasstudiedusingvari-ouschemicalspeciesthatcommonlyinterfereinthedeterminationofcolourants.Thetolerancelimitwasdefinedastheconcentrationofasubstancecausinglessthan±5%relativeerrorforthesixcol-ourantsusingtheproposedmethod.Thesamplescontainedafixedamountofcolourants(100ngmlÀ1andtheireffectwasdeter-minedusingtheproposedmethod,asdescribedinSection2.5.TheresultsindicatedthatNa+,K+,NH4+,Ca2+,Zn2+,Mg2+,Mn2+,Table1Calibrationequations,linearrange,limitsofdetection,limitsofquantificationandcoe