文化脚本简述

Thewaywespeakreflectsthewaywethink.Thewaywespeak:changeveryquicklywiththetimesofrevolutionsThewaywethink:someofunderstandingsarewidelyshared,resistanttochangeCommonexpressionsandcommonspeechreflectsocialattitudes(theheritageofacommonspirit)ThesecanberegardedasculturalscriptsCulturalscripts:Methodology:NSM(naturalsemanticmetalanguagetheoryofsemantics)

自然语言元语言Keyidea：Thetheoryofculturalscriptsisthatwidelysharedandwidelyknownwaysofthinkingcanbeidentifiedintermsofthesameempiricallyestablisheduniversalhumanconcepts,withtheiruniversalgrammar.立足点：Thetheoryofculturalscriptsisbasedontheassumptionthatweneedtounderstandpeople(bothindividualsandsocialgroups)intheirparticularity,butthatwecanunderstandthembestintermsofwhatisshared,andthatonethingthatissharedisasetofuniversalhumanconceptswiththeiruniversalgrammar.TheadvantagesofculturalscriptsApathtounderstandingasociety’sattitudesandvaluesThetheoryofculturalscriptsrepresentsacognitiveapproachtocultureandsocietyThetoolforunlockingthesecretsoftheparticularThefeaturesofculturalscripts1.First,itdescribesculturalnormsandvaluesfromwithinratherthanfromoutside.2.thegeneralizationsproposedareformulatedintermsofauniversalsetofconcepts,foundinawordlikeforminalllanguage.itispractical:itcanbeusedinlanguageteaching,cross-culturaleducation,andinterculturalcommunication.4.Thefourthdistinctivefeatureoftheculturalscriptapproachisthatitreliesonhardlinguisticevidence.Theexamplesofthetheoryofculturalscripts日语：被定义为“好人”与其个人需要及其想法的抑制有关。谈话的主题有范围限制，谈话对象和谈话目的也有限制。他们避免说出伤害或冒犯某人的话和使自己尴尬的话。用文化脚本法归纳：Itisnotgoodtosaythingslikethistootherpeople:“Iwant(don’twant)this.”“Ithink(don’tthink)this.”IfIsaythingslikethis,someonecouldfeelsomethingbad.BeforeIsaysomethingtosomeone,itisgoodtothinkthingslikethis:Ican’tsayallthatIthinkIfIdo,someonecouldfeelsomethingbad.马来西亚语：重视“正确的行为举止”。在马来西亚，一个人说话前

要仔细考虑，但原因与日本人不同。除了避免让听者感到不快外，还避免让听者想到一些有关自己不好的事。文化脚本如下：BeforeIsaysomethingtosomeone,itisgoodtothink:Idon’twantthispersontofeelsomethingbad.Idon’twantthispersontothinksomethingbadaboutme.波兰语：提倡直接表达自己的感情。鼓励人们既表达好的情感，又表达自己消极的情感。文化脚本如下：IwantpeopletoknowhowIfeel.WhenIfeelsomethinggoodIwanttosaysomethingWhenIfeelsomethingbadIwanttosaysomething结论：通过以上三个脚本的分析，有些语言表面相似，但是导致它的深层文化原因不同。描述不同语言的表达特点，要想避免种族中心主义，就需要采用文化脚