新教材2021-2022学年译林版英语必修第三册课时作业uNIT1Natureinthebalance1Word版含解析

课时分层作业(一)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Therearenomorecontinents(大陆)andnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.2．Theoldmanleftherafewmillion(百万)whenhedied.3．Thisregionisthehomeofmanyspecies(物种)ofwildflower.4．ThisareaofFrancehasapleasingclimate(气候)inAugust.5．Hundredsoftreespeciesarefacingextinction(绝种)．6．Hemaysayno，butthere'snoharm(伤害)inasking.7．Thecostofliving(生活)hasrisensharply.8．Hernervousnessquicklydisappeared(消失)onceshewasonstage.9．Thedevelopmentofthefoodindustrydependsonthatofagriculture(农业)．10．Theimpact(冲击)oftheblowknockedJackoffbalance.Ⅱ.阅读理解ABigcatshaveexistedontheearthformillionsofyears，thoughscientistsaren'tsureexactlyhowlong.Butanewstudyindicatesthataskull(颅骨)ofasnowleopard(豹)relativethatwasrecentlyunearthedis4.4millionyearsold.Thatmakesittheoldestbigcatfossil(化石)everfound.AteamofUSandChinesescientistsunearthedtheskullinTibet.Thiscreatureisnotadirectancestortobigcats，butitiscloselyrelatedtothesnowleopard，thestudyleaderJackTsengtoldtheAssociatedPress.ThefossillendsevidencetothebeliefthatbigcatsexistedinAsiaandspreadoutfromthere.Bigcatsareatthetopofthefoodchainandhavefewpredatorsoftheirown.Bigcatsincludesnowleopards，cloudedleopards，tigersandlions.Basedongeneticjudgements，mostscientistsbelievetheyfirstexistedinCentralAsia.Butpreviously，theoldestknownbigcatfossilwas3.6millionyearsoldandfoundinAfrica.ThenewfossilfindingswerepublishedintheNovember13issueofthesciencejournalProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB：BiologicalSciences.TsengandhisteamwerefossilhuntingintheHimalayasin2010whentheydiscoveredsomebones，includingtheburiedcatskull.Theresearcherswereabletodetermineitsagebystudyingthesurroundingrocksandsoil.Theskullindicatesthattheanimalwasaboutthesizeofacloudedleopard，whichcangrowupto50pounds.In2012，theteamreturnedtounearthmorecatbones.DavidPollyfromIndianaUniversitytoldtheAssociatedPressthatthefossilis“convincinglyolderthanthecurrentrecordholder”．HeaddedthattherecouldbeevenolderbigcatfossilsintheTibetanplateautouncover.【语篇解读】本文讲述了最新考古发现——一个大型猫科动物的颅骨化石。1．Whatdoesthenewly­unearthedskullprove?A．BigcatsmighthavetheiroriginsinAsia.B．Theoldestfossilis4.4millionyearsold.C．Thesnowleopardistheoldestbigcat.D．Theskullisofbigcats'directancestor.A[推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“ThefossillendsevidencetothebeliefthatbigcatsexistedinAsiaandspreadoutfromthere.”可推知，该化石使我们相信大型猫科动物起源于亚洲，然后繁衍到其他地方。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predators”inParagraph3mean?A．Relatives. B．Enemies.C．Partners. D．Protectors.B[词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：大型猫科动物位于食物链的顶端，所以几乎没有天敌。故选B。]3．Howdotheresearchersknowtheskull'sage?A．Bymeasuringitssizeandforehead.B．Byexaminingotherbonesaroundit.C．Bystudyingitschemicalcomposition.D．Byexploringtherocksandsoilaroundit.D[细节理解题。由第四段第三句“Theresearcherswereabletodetermineitsagebystudyingthesurroundingrocksandsoil.”可知，研究者们通过研究化石周围的岩石和土壤来了解化石的年代。]4．Wherewas“thecurrentrecordholder”inthelastparagraphfound?A．Asia. B．Africa.C．America. D．Australia.B[推理判断题。题干中引号内的词意为“现在的纪录保持者”，应该指的是新化石发现之前的最古老的化石；而第三段最后一句“Butpreviously，theoldestknownbigcatfossilwas3.6millionyearsoldandfoundinAfrica.”可知，现在的纪录保持者是在非洲发现的。]BThegoalofeveryplantandanimalisthesame：tocreatethenextgeneration.Thewayaplantmakesanothergenerationofitsspeciesisbymakingseeds.Flowersarethetoolsthatplantsusetomaketheirseeds.Thejobofafloweristohelpitspollinatorputpollen(花粉)exactlyintherightplaceattherighttimetomakeaseed.Whenaplant'sflowersucceedsinthis，theplantgetstopassthesecretforthissuccesstothenextgeneration，throughthegeneticcodeinitsseeds!Whenaplantfailstogrowupandmakeseeds，itsgeneticcodedoesnotgetpassedon.Itbecomesaloserinthegameoflife.Theenvironmentisconstantlytestingeachplant.Competitionforsunlight，water，nutrientsandspaceisfierce.Herbivores(食草动物)arehungryandplantsaretheirbreakfast，lunchanddinner!Onlythestrongestindividualssurvivelongenoughtoreproduce.Thesesurvivorskeepmakingseeds，lettingtheenvironmentselectthewinnersandlosers.Throughthisselectionprocessplantshaveevolvedtosurvivelifeineveryhabitatonourplanet.Thisevolutionhasfilledeventheharshesthabitatswithlife，includingcoldhighmountains.Althoughthepollinationofaflowermayappeartohappenbyaccident，plantsandpollinatorshavebeenpracticingformillionsofyearstomakesurethatthis“accident”happens.Oftenaplantandpollinatorco­evolve(evolvetogether)，adaptingtochangesineachothertoimprovetheirownsurvival.Aplantspeciesmaydependonasinglespeciesofpollinatortomakeitsseeds.Likewise，manypollinatorsrelyononeplantspeciestoprovideallthefoodfortheiryoung.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了植物是如何创造下一代的。5．Whichofthefollowingisanecessaryfactorforaplanttobecomeawinnerinthegameoflife?A．Theplantfailstogrowup.B．Theplantmakesnoseeds.C．Therearenopollinators.D．Theplant'sgeneticcodegetspassedon.D[细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Whenaplantfailstogrowupandmakeseeds，itsgeneticcodedoesnotgetpassedon.”可知，遗传密码得以传递是植物在生存游戏中获胜的必要因素。故选D。]6．Fromthethirdparagraphwecaninferthat________．A．theenvironmentisveryimportantforaplanttosurviveB．herbivorescanincreasethedevelopmentofplantsC．onlythestrongestplantscanhaveseedstoreproduceD．sunlight，water，nutrientsandspaceareequalforalltheplantsA[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及本段内容可推断，环境对于植物的生存起着非常重要的作用。]7．Theunderlinedword“harshest”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．severest B．busiestC．richest D．mostvaluableA[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“includingcoldhighmountains”可判断，即使是在有生命的最“严酷的”栖息地，也充满了这种进化过程。]8．Thelastparagraphtellsusatruththat________．A．thepollinationofaflowerhappensonlybybeesB．plantsrelyonpollinatorstoprovideallthefoodfortheiryoungC．plantsandpollinatorsdependoneachothertosurviveD．pollinatorsdependonplantstomakeseedsC[推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，植物和传粉者是相互依存的。故选C。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五Ifyouarehungry，whatdoyoudo?Haveyourfavoritemeal.1Butyoudon'trealizeit，becauseyourmindisbusythinkingaboutyourfriendsorfavoritestars.Ifyourmindisalwayshungry，itdoesn'tgrow.Whenyourmindfailstogrow，creativitystops.Thismightbethereasonwhyweallsometimesthink“Whathappensnext？”“Whycan'tIthink？”2WhyreadingbutnotwatchingTV?Itisbecausereadinghasbeenthemosteducativetoolusedbyusrightfromchildhood.Sinceithelpswithotherpartsofourlife，wehavetogethelpfromreading.Onceyoureadabook，yourunyoureyesthroughthelinesandyourmindtriestoexplainsomethingtoyou.3Nowthisseedisusedbyyoutodevelopnewideas，althoughyoudon'trealizeit.Ifitisusedmanytimes，thesameseedcangiveyougreathelptocreatealotofthings，whichyouwouldhaveneverthoughtofinyourwildestdreams!Thisisnothingbutcreativity.4Whenyou'vereadwidelyenough，youcanstarttalkingwithyourfriendsinEnglishoranyotherlanguageandfindyourselfabletofreelyuseplentyofgoodrightwords.Sodearfriends，dogivefoodforyourmindbyreading，readingandmorereading.5Goandgetabook!A．Nowwhatareyouwaitingfor?B．Readingcanhelpyoumakemorefriends，too.C．Just