-新教材高中英语Unit1FoodmattersSectionⅡGrammarandusage学案译林版选择性必修第一册

PAGEPAGE9Grammarandusage动词不定式作主语和表语探究发现1．Toeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity.2....itwasnotthatdifficulttomakeasimpleandtastydish.3．Itishardesttogiveupthefoodthatyougrowupwith.4．Notthatlongago,myfirstthoughtatmealtimeswastoeatatarestaurant.5．Myplanistoinvitemyfriendsoverattheweekendtoshowthemmynew­foundskills.[我的发现](1)句1中的不定式Toeatout作主语；句2和句3中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式tomakeasimpleandtastydish和togiveupthefoodthatyougrowupwith；(2)句4和句5中的不定式toeatatarestaurant和toinvitemyfriendsoverattheweekendtoshowthemmynew­foundskills都是作表语，放在系动词的后面。语法图解单元语法·一图贯通语法突破语境理解·合作探究在英语语法中，动词不定式(todo)是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称作不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。一、动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态语态时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone二、动词不定式作主语1．动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词常用单数。Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。Tomakeupforlosttimeisnotpossible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。2．若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下3种：①It＋is＋名词＋todosthIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.照顾老人是我们的责任。Itisanoffencetodroplitterinthestreet.在马路上乱丢废物是违章的。②Ittakessb＋sometime＋todosthHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?你花了多长时间来完成这项工作？③It＋be＋形容词＋for/ofsb＋todosthItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.我们难以在十五分钟内完成这篇作文。Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来的行为是很愚蠢的。④Itseems(appears)＋形容词＋todosthItseemedimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.看上去不可能按时完成这项工作。eq\a\vs4\al([即时演练1])补全句子①Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.现在好像不可能存钱。②It'ssonicetohearyourvoice．听到你的声音真高兴。③It'snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。④Itwassillyofustobelievehim．我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。⑤Itismygreathonourtomakeaspeechhere.能在这儿做演讲是我极大的荣幸。三、动词不定式作表语不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，且有“即将进行的一次性动作或将来的状态”的特征。1．表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)作主语时，其表语应用动词不定式。Hergreatestwishistoseeherparentsagain.她最大的愿望是能够再见到父母。Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。2．不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。Mydreamistobeadoctor.＝Tobeadoctorismydream.我的梦想是成为一名医生。3．当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。AllIdidwas(to)turnoffthegas.我所做的就是把煤气关掉。eq\a\vs4\al([即时演练2])单句语法填空①Mytaskistoshow(show)youaroundournewly­builtlibrary.②Herwishistobecome(become)anengineer.③Thepurposeofeducationistodevelop(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.④Whathehopedwastobeadmitted(admit)intotheuniversity.⑤Allthathecoulddowas(to)comfort(comfort)her.1．throwoneselfinto投身于，热衷于(教材p.6)Inthelastfewweeks,I'vethrownmyselfintohomecooking,fromboilingnoodlesinthepottofryingsteakinthepan.在过去的几周里，我全身心投入到家庭烹饪中，从锅里煮面条到锅里炸牛排。throwaway 扔掉；浪费掉；放过throwback 扔回，阻止，使重新依靠，反射throwcoldwateron 泼冷水throwinthetowel 认输，投降throwoff (从……)扔开，去掉(伪装)，摆脱掉，散发出throwup 呕出(食物)(经典佳句)Tothrowoneselfintostrangeteachingsisquitedangerous.攻乎异端，斯害也己。[练透]用throw的相关短语填空①Ishouldknowbynownottothrowawaythedirectionsuntilwe'vefinishedcooking.②Ishouldneverhavetoldyouthat.Iknewyou'dthrowitbackatme.③Hefeelslikehisgoingtothrowupwhathehaseatenallthetime.[写美]补全句子④Idon'twanttothrowcoldwateronyourideas,butIthinkyouareover­optimistic.我不想对你的想法泼冷水，不过我认为你过于乐观了。⑤Irefusetothrowinthetowelbecauseconditionswillchange.我拒绝放弃，因为情况会变化。2．impressvt.&vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到(教材p.7)Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpressedbySkyBuffet,thelatestrestaurantinthecitycentre.只要你不怕高，市中心最新的餐厅SkyBuffet就会给你留下深刻印象。(1)impress...on... 把……印在……上impresssthon/uponsb＝impresssbwith... 使某人牢记某事beimpressedby/with... 对……印象深刻Whatimpressedsbis/wasthat... 使某人印象深刻的是……(2)impressionn. 印象；感想leave/make/createa/an...impressiononsb 给某人留下一个……的印象(3)impressiveadj. 给人印象深刻的(经典佳句)Whatimpressedhimmostwastheirspeed.最令他佩服的是他们的速度。[练透]用impress的适当形式填空①Thefilm'sspecialeffectsareparticularlyimpressive．②Iwasveryimpressedbytheefficiencyofthestaff.③Thebookleftadeepimpressiononhim.[写美]补全句子④Impressedbythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.美丽的景色给我留下了深刻的印象，我忘了及时回家。⑤Iwasveryimpressedbyoneyoungmanatmylectures.来听我课的一个年轻人给我留下了很深的印象。3．outofthisworld好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫(教材p.9)Themooncakeisalwaysmyfavouritebecauseofitssatisfyingtastethatisoutofthisworldandthehappymemoriesitbringstomind.月饼一直是我的最爱，因为它令人满意的口味是超凡脱俗的，它给我带来了美好的回忆。Outofsight,outofmind. 眼不见，心不烦。outofbreath 上气不接下气outofbalance 失去平衡outofstock 脱销outofdate 过时outofpatience 不耐烦outofcontrol/hand 失去控制(经典佳句)Theviewfromthetopisoutofthisworld.从顶上看出去风景好极了。[练透]用outof的相关短语填空①BythetimeIgottothetopofthehill,Iwasquiteoutofbreath．②Weeventuallyranoutofpatiencewithhischildishbehaviour.③Theboyiswildandcompletelyoutofcontrol．[写美]补全句子④I'llbetthey'lltasteoutofthisworld．我敢说此味只应天上有。⑤Iwasdepressed;mylifeseemedcompletelyoutofbalance．我情绪低落；我的生活彻底失去了平衡。1．句型公式：nowonder(that)...难怪……(教材p.6)Nowonderpeoplesaynothingbeatshomecooking!难怪人们说，什么都比不上家常菜！(1)wonderat 对……惊讶wondertodo... 想做……wonder＋wh­从句/wh­todo 考虑……，盘算……wonderif/whether... 对是否……感到疑惑(2)work/dowonders 创造奇迹It'sawonderthat... 令人惊讶的是……(经典佳句)Withalltheseattractions,nowondertourismisincreasingwhereverthereisaDisneyland.有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪士尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会发展。[练透]单句语法填空①It'sawonderthatyoudidn'tloseyourwayinthedark.②Ashewelcomesmeintohishome，Iwonderif/whetherhefeelslikeeasingoffalittle.③Nowondershelookssofamiliar;sheismyformerstudent.[写美]补全句子④Wecanwork/dowondersifweuniteasafamily，caringforeachotherandhelpingthoseinneed.如果我们能像一家人一样团结起来，互相照顾，经常帮助那些需要帮助的人，我们就能创造奇迹。⑤Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo，themanagercameout.当我们正在考虑该做什么时，经理出来了。2．句型公式：inorderthat为了；以便，引导目的状语从句(教材p.7)Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirstinorderthattheywillbecookedquickly.我们先把土豆放进锅里，这样土豆很快就会熟。(1)表示目的的状语从句可以由inorderthat(为了；以便)，that(以便)，sothat(以便),lest(免得；唯恐)，incase(以防),forfearthat(生怕；以免)等引导。(2)引导目的状语从句的sothat可以用inorderthat替换，意义无甚差别；若主句和从句的主语一致的时候还可以用soasto或inorderto将其转换为简单句。(3)有时为了加强语气，inorderthat从句或inorderto短语还可以放在句首，但sothat和soasto却不能放在句首。[练透]单句语法填空①Theygobyplaneinorderthattheymaygetthereintime.②Inordertoget(get)acompletepicture,furtherinformationisneeded.[写美]补全句子③TheyarelearningEnglishinorderthattheycanstudyaparticularsubject．他们在学习英语以便能研究某一学科。④Bothsidesmetinordertotrytoresolvetheirdifferences.双方会晤以努力解决分歧。维度一基础题型练用所给单词的正确形式填空。1．Tosee(see)onetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.2．Itisnotaneasythingtomaster(master)alanguage.3．Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.4．It'sveryniceofyoutobe(be)soconsiderate.5．Ittakesmethreehourstofinish(finish) thehomeworkeveryday.6．Todo(do)thatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.7．TheonlythingIcandonowis(to)go(go)onbymyself.8．Hisworkistoclean(clean)theclassroomeveryday.9．Toknoweverythingistoknow(know)nothing.维度二语法与写作用动词不定式形式补全下列句子。1．Itisn'trightforustostophalfway．我们半途而废是不对的。2．Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.做早操有利于我们的健康。3．It'simportantforustolearnEnglishwell．对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。4．Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth．我的想法是从北面爬山。5．WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting．我的建议是推迟会议。6．Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople．对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残忍。维度三语法与语篇阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。IfIask100peoplewhattheidiom“Bloodisthickerthanwater”means,mostwillsaythatitis1.tomean(mean)themostimportantfamilyrelationships.“Water”hereseeminglyrepresentstheconnectionyouhavewithpeoplewhomyoudonotsharebloodtieswith.And