6.4语法填空杂体裁-2020年高考英语专题训练系列

6.4语法填空杂体裁-2020年高考英语专题训练系列(一)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Atomicenergyisagreatdiscoveryofthepresentcentury,andmanypeoplehaveplayedapartinitsdevelopment.AlbertEinsteintoldtheworldabout1basicideainhisfamousTheoryofRelativityin1905.Asheandotherscientistsbegantodiscovermoreabouttheatom,2learnedthatagreatamountofenergycouldbereleasedbysplitting3atom.However,itwasalsonecessarythatthisenergy4(control).Ifitwerenot,itwouldbeverydangerous.Nowatomicenergyisusedtomoveships,anditmayalsoproveuseful5spaceships.Infact,thisnewsourceofpowerhassomanyuses6itisalmostimpossibletoimagineallthegreatchangesit7(bring)intoourlives.Somescientistssaytheworldneedn’tbeafraidofapossible8(short)ofcoal,oil,naturalgasorothersourcesoffuelforthefuture.Theysaythat9thesewereusedup,therewouldbeenoughofthistypeofenergy10(last)forever.助读词汇atomn.原子releasevt.释放splitvt.使分裂atomicenergy原子能/核能TheoryofRelativity相对论thistypeof这种；这类agreatamountof大量的playapartin在……中扮演角色/起作用(二)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,1outstandingscientistandinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmaysurpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn’tthissomething3surprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?4AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem6theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)tobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.助读词汇explosiven.炸药fundn.基金outstandingadj.杰出的weaponn.武器willn.遗嘱interestn.利息；收益benefitn.利益effortsn.努力setup设立；建立leavebehind留下(三)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cityname:VaticanCitySize:0.17sq.mi.(0.44km²)Population:approximately1380Location:Rome,Italy1thenearlysamesizeofagolfcourse,theVaticanCityis2(small)countryintheworld.It’s3(basic)walledenclave(有围墙的飞地)insideofRome,Italy.Itissosmall4theentirecountrydoesnothaveasinglestreetaddress.TheVaticanCitymaybesmall,5itisverypowerful.ItisthesovereignterritoryoftheHolySee,ortheseatoftheCatholicChurch,6hasoveronebillionpeople(aboutoneinsixpeopleontheplanet)asconstituents.TheVaticanCity7(create)in1929bytheLateranTreaty(拉特兰条约)andisruledbythePope,basicallyanon-hereditary,electedmonarchwhoruleswithabsoluteauthority—indeed,thePopeistheonlyabsolutemonarchinEurope.8uniquethingaboutthesmallestcountryintheworldisthat9hasnopermanentcitizens.CitizenshipoftheVaticanCityisconferredupon(授予)thosewhoworkattheVatican(aswellastheirspousesandchildren)andisrevoked10theystopworkingthere.助读词汇HolySee罗马教廷absoluteauthority绝对权威constituentn.组成部分Popen.罗马教皇non-hereditaryadj.非世袭的monarchn.最高统治者；君主spousen.配偶revokevt.取消；撤销sovereignterritory有主权的领土LateranTreatytheseatoftheCatholicChurch天主教教廷的所在地(四)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HolidayinGreatBritainThereareeightpublicholidaysorbankholidaysinayearinGreatBritain,whicharedaysonwhichpeopleneednottogotowork.1areChristmasDay,BoxingDay,NewYear’sDay,GoodFriday,EasterMonday,MayDay,SpringBankHolidayandLateSummerBankHoliday.Theterm“bankholiday”datesback2the19thcenturywhenin1871and1875mostofthesedayswereconstituted(指定)bankholidays,3banksweretobeclosed.Allthepublicholidays,4Christmas(25December)andBoxingDay(26December)donotfallonthesamedateeachyear.Mostoftheseholidaysareof5(religion)origin,thoughforthegreaterpartofthepopulationthey6(lose)theirreligioussignificanceandaresimplydaysonwhichpeoplerelax,eat,drinkandmakemarry.NewYearinEnglandisnotsoenthusiasticallyobservedasChristmas.The7(common)typeofcelebrationisafamilyparty.Atmidnighteveryonehearsthechimes(钟声)oftheBigBenand8toastisdrunktotheNewYear.themostfamouscelebrationisinLondonintrafalgarSquare9thereisabigChristmastree(anannualpresentfromNorway),abigcrowdisusuallygathered10someoneusuallyfallsintothefountain.助读词汇termn.术语observevt.庆祝toastn.祝酒annualadj.每年的fallon适逢fountainn.喷泉religioussignificance宗教意义enthusiastically满腔热情地trafalgarSquare特拉法加广场fallinto落入；掉进(五)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Peopleinthefuturewillbeabletoenjoyalongerandhealthierlifeandremainactiveeveninoldage.Peoplenow1(pay)moreattentiontotheimportanceofahealthydietand2activelife.Theyarecarefulabout3theyeatandexerciseregularly.Advancesinmedicalsciencealsoallowustodealwithnewdiseases,suchasSARSandAIDS.Somediseases,forexamplesmallpox(天花),havealreadybeen4(success)defeated.Withabetterunderstandingofthehumanbody,scientistsandphysicianswillbeabletocuremorediseases.Perhapsmoreimportantly,newdiscoveriesingeneticsandbiochemistrymayleadtochangesinthewaydiseases5(cure)andmedicinesaremade.Homeworkwillalwaysbehomework,6theschoolsofthefuturewillprobablybequitedifferentfromwhattheyaretoday.Wecanstudyathome7watchingeducatorsonTVoronacomputerscreen.Inthefuture,theremaybemore“schoolsontheair”and“e-schools”.Realclassroomswillalwaysbepopular,butdistanceeducationwillhelppeoplestudy8theyhavetimeandwherevertheymaybe.Theway9viewlearningandknowledgeisalsochanging.Insteadofbeingstudentsonlywhenweareyoung,wewillbecomelifelong10(learn).助读词汇geneticsn.遗传学；基因学biochemistryn.生物化学advancen.进步physiciann.内科医生defeatvt.打败distanceeducation远程教育(六)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MillionsofchildrennowusetheInternet,andmillionsmorearecomingonlineeachyear.Childrentakeinterest1theycanmakethingshappenwiththeInternet.Computerswillchange2childrenlearn,communicateandplay.Somepeoplebelievethatschoolswillnolongerbenecessaryinthenearfuture.Theysaidthatbecauseof3Internet,thereisnolongeranyneed4schoolbuildings,classesandteachers.Perhapsthiswillbetrueoneday,butiftheworldhasnoschools,Ican’timaginewhatour5(social)willbe.Infact,weshouldlearnhowtousenewtechnologytomakeschools6(good).Weshouldinventanewkindofschoolthatisconnected7libraries,museums,sciencecenters,labsandevencompaniesontheInternet.Companiesshouldmakelearningprogramsforschools.ScientistsorprofessorscouldgivetalksthroughtheInternet.TVstationscoulddeveloplearningprogramsforstudents.Labscouldsetupwebsites8(show)newtechnologysothatstudentscouldsee9ontheInternet.Howwillthisbrand-newkindofschoolchangetheusualwayoflearning?Itistooearlytobesure,butitisveryexcitingtothinkaboutit.Wearesurethattechnology10(change)thewaywelearnandschoolswillchangeaswell.助读词汇websiten.网站brand-newadj.崭新的millionsof数以百万计的takeinterest感兴趣setup建立aswell也(=too)(七)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplereade-books.Digitalbooksare1(cheap)topublish,andtheycansavemanyforests.2theyturntextbooksintoe-books,studentsdonothavetobuyheavyandexpensivetextbooks.Theycaninsteadjustcarrysmalllaptopsorjustreadthebooksfromanyschoolcomputer.Surely3printedbooksande-bookshaveadvantages.Printedbooksareeasy4(read)andyoucanreadthemanywhereyouwantandinanyposition.Youcanlieonasofaandread,orlieinyourbedandread.E-booksarecheapandeasytoget.5alsosavealotofroom.Searchingthroughe-booksismucheasierthanthroughprintedbooks,ifyouwanttofindacertaintopicorsomethingelse.E-bookscanbemoreattractiveiftheyaremademultimedia,6(leave)printedbooksfarbehind.Somepeople,however,don’tliketokeeplooking7ascreenwhentheyarereading8novel.Notonlydoesitmaketheireyesverytired,italsodoesn’tfeelthesame.Theylovethe9(weigh)andeventhesmellofbooks.Thatistosay,readinge-bookscannotfullymatchtheenjoymentandfeelofreadingprintedbooks.Additionally,e-booksarenotforpeople10arecomputer-illiterate(文盲的),orwhodonotfullyunderstandcomputers.助读词汇laptopn.手提电脑multimedian.多媒体digitaladj.数字的matchvt.比得上additionallyadv.此外inanyposition以任何姿势leave…farbehind把……远远地甩在后面(八)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thefirstnewspaperwaswrittenbyhandandputuponwallsinpublicplaces.The1(early)dailynewspaperwasstartedinRomein59BC.Inthe700’stheworld’sfirstprintednewspaperwaspublished.Europedidn’thavearegularlypublishednewspaper21609,whenonewasstartedinGermany.ThefirstregularlypublishednewspaperinEnglishwasprintedinAmsterdamin1620.In1621,3EnglishnewspaperwasstartedinLondonandwaspublishedonceaweek.ThefirstdailyEnglishnewspaperwastheDailyCourtant,4cameoutinMarch1702.In1690,BenjaminHarris5(print)thefirstAmericannewspaperinBoston.6notlongafteritwasfirstpublished,thegovernmentstoppedthepaper.In1704,JohnCampbellstartedtheBostonNewspaper,thefirstnewspaper7(publish)dailyintheAmericanColonies(殖民地).81760,thecolonieshadhadmorethanthirtydailynewspapers.Therearenowabout1,800dailypapersinUnitedStates.Today,asagroup,Englishlanguagenewspapershavethelargest9(circulate)intheworld.ButthelargestcirculationforanewspaperisthatoftheJapanesenewspaperAsahiShimbun.10sellsmorethanelevenmillioncopieseveryyear.助读词汇regularlyadv.定期地copyn.份数putup张贴comeout出现；出版notlongafter………之后不久asagroup作为整体；总体来讲(九)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dearfriends,Iamhappytogiveatalk,sharingwhatIlearntaboutfirstaid.Firstaidisthetimelytreatment1(give)totheinjuredbeforedoctorscome.Students2weare,weshouldprepareforanemergencybylearningsomethingaboutfirstaid,3isurgentlyneededinsomeaccidents.Forexample,ifsomeonesuffersfrom4sprainedanklewhiledoingsports,thebestwaytotreat5istoputanicepackorcoldwateronhisankle.When6(treat)acut,weshouldtakeimmediateactiontocleanthewoundandstopthebleeding.Call120iftheinjuryistooseveretodealwith.Besides,keepingafirst-aidkit7(hand)isawisechoice.Ofcourse,thekitissupposedtocontainnecessaryitemsthatcandealwithavarietyofemergencies.Inconclusion,knowinghowtoperformfirstaidisofgreatimportanceinourdailylife,whichsometimesmeansatotaldifference8lifeanddeath.Only9acoolmindandadequateknowledgeoffirstaidcanweofferahelpinghand10necessary.助读词汇timelyadj.及时的emergencyn.紧急情况urgentlyadv.迫切地severeadj.严重的performvt.执行adequateadj.足够的；充足的sprainedankle裸关节扭伤icepack冰袋first-aidkit急救箱besupposedto理应necessaryitems必须物品avarietyof各种各样的(十)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。FirstAidKitweshouldallhaveone,andinfact,weshouldallhavemorethanone.1(recommend)statethatyoushouldcarryafirstaidkitinthecar,thereshouldbeafirstaidkitinthehome,intheoffice,atschool,whenyougoouthiking,cyclingoronanyothertypeofoutdooradventure,weneedaccess2firstaidkitsatalltimes.Makesurethatyoufindout3thefirstaidkits4(store)whentheyareneeded.Beingpreparedforanemergencyisvital,andawell-stocked(备货充足的)firstaidkitcanmakesurethatyouarereadyforemergenciesas5happen.Firstaidkitsareavailablereadymadeinmanydifferentshapesandsizes.Manypeoplefind6convenienttobuyaready-madefirstaidkit,itsaveshavingtothink,7otherpeopleprefertomakeuptheirownfirstaidkitandbuythenecessaryitems8(individual).

Evenifyoubuyaready-madefirstaidkit,however,you’vestillgottocheckitoutoccasionallyto:◆replaceanyitemswhichhavebeenused◆replaceanymedicationswhich9(become)outofdate◆stockuponpersonalizedmedication◆makesurethatthebatteriesstillworkintheflashlightTherearesomeitemswhichmustbeincludedinyourfirstaidkitand10whicharemorepersonal.Thestuff(东西)youmustincludeare:…(pleasefindouttheitemsonyourown.)助读词汇ready-madeadj.现成的medicationn.药物vitaladj.至关重要的occasionallyadv.偶尔；不定期地availableadj.可用的personalizedadj.个性化的flashlightn.手电筒atalltimes始终gohiking去远足outofdate过期的checkout核实stockupon置办6.4语法填空杂体裁-2020年高考英语专题训练系列参考答案(一)本文作者告诉我们核能/原子能的作用，将来它会成为人类取之不尽用之不竭的能源。1.its此处its指代Atomicenergy’s。2.they此空显然缺少主语故填代词，they指代heandotherscientists。3.an不定冠词的基本用法，表“一个……(原子)”，atom是元音音素开头，故填an。4.(should)becontrolled空前的itwasalsonecessarythat句型后面要用虚拟语气。control在此作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态，energy与control显然存在被动关系，故填(should)becontrolled，should常省略。5.for常用搭配，usefulfor…意为“对……有用”。6.that此处是个so…that…结构，that引导结果状语从句。7.willbring此句it7(bring)intoourlives是个定语从句，修饰先行词greatchanges。bring在此从句中作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态。有前面的imagine可知此空应用一般将来时态。8.shortage形容词修饰名词。9.if此空后面是两个分句，故填连接词。if引导条件状语从句。10.tolast整句话是个虚拟语气句型。动词last在此是非谓语动词，用不定式作后置定语，修饰energy。(二)本文简要讲述阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的一些轶事以及诺贝尔奖设立的历史和经过。1.an此空所在的语块是个同位语。不定冠词的基本用法，表“一个/一位……”，后的outstanding是元音音素开头，故填an。2.from语块2makingandsellingexplosives既不作主语也不作宾语或表语，故常填介词。from表“从……”，此外，从下文AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons也可推知答案。3.that此处that引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词只能用that，不能用which。4.Although/Though空后是两个分句，故此空肯定是填连接词。根据后面的hehatedwar可知，此处存在一个让步关系，故填Although或Though，引导让步状语从句。5.richest此题是非纯空格题，只需要考虑：动词、形容词或副词的比较等级、词类的转化。根据句意和oneofthe…不难推知应填最高级。6.as常用结构know…as…意为“把……称之为……”。as作为介词时，常意为“作为”。7.winners根据句子成分分析，此处缺少宾语，因此填名词。注意用复数。(有些考生常忘加复数)8.they此处缺少主语，故填代词。they指代winners。9.hadgiven整篇文章的主题时态是一般过去式。give在此处作为谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态即可。根据文意可知，此处是讲诺贝尔对人类的贡献和影响，故用完成时最合适。(注意是过去完成时态)10.but空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据文意，此处显然存在一个转折关系，故填并列连词but。(三)本文介绍世界上拥有主权的最小国家——梵蒂冈。1.With空后是名词，且此语块在句中不作主语、宾语或表语，常填介词。表“有多少人口、多大面积”的介词短语结构常用with。注意首字母要大写。2.thesmallest从空后的intheworld可知此处应用最高级。3.basically副词修饰形容词walled，如：areallypowerfulcountry.4.that常用结构so…that…，that在此引导结果状语从句。5.but根据空前的maybesmall可知，此处显然存在一个转折关系。6.which此处which引导一个非限定性定语从句。7.wascreated括号内是个动词且作谓语，只需要考虑时态和语态。从空后的in1929可知用一般过去式。此外，主语TheVaticanCity和动词create明显存在被动关系。故填wascreated。8.Another短文前几段都是介绍梵蒂冈独特之处，此段再介绍另外一个独特的地方，需填不定代词another。注意首字母要大写。（高考规定需要大写的没大写，不给分）9.it分析句子成分可知，此处显然缺少主语。填it指代theVaticanCity。10.when空的前后分别是两个句子，故此空一定是填连接词。再根据句意，此处明显是个表时间的从句，故填when引导时间状语从句。语法填空分析答案要从两个角度着手：一是根据语法角度，二是根据文/句意角度。(四)本文介绍了英国的主要节假日。1.They此处缺少主语，肯定是填名词或代词，常是代词。填they指代前面的eightpublicholidays。注意首字母要大写。2.to固定搭配datebackto，意为“追溯到……”。3.when此处when引导定语从句，修饰先行词1871and1875。4.except根据背景知识可知，圣诞节(Christmas)和节礼日(BoxingDay)每年的时间都是固定的，再结合donotfallonthesamedateeachyear可知4Christmas(25December)andBoxingDay(26December)是要填一个表“除了……”的介词，故填except最合适。5.religious形容词修饰名词。6.havelost根据句意可知，此处强调结果，表“(已经)失去了……”，故填现在完成时最合适。切记：填最合适的答案。7.mostcommon根据下文themostfamouscelebration可知，此处也应该是填最高级。8.a不定冠词的最基本用法，atoast意为“干杯，一同祝酒”。9.where此处where引导定语从句，修饰地点先行词trafalgarSquare。10.and分析整个句子的句意和成分可知，abigcrowdisusuallygathered和someoneusuallyfallsintothefountain是两个存在联合或并列的分句，故填and为最佳。(五)本文简要介绍人类未来在健康、医学、教育和知识几个方面的变化。1.arepaying此空作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态。根据空前的now可知时态用现在进行时，语态是主动，主语是People，所以填arepaying。2.an由空前的ahealthydiet可知，不定冠词的基本用法，表“一个……”。3.what空的前后是两个分句，故一定是填连接词。句意：他们对他们吃的东西非常小心，而且有规律地做运动。根据句意应填what引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。4.successfully副词修饰动词。5.arecured此空作谓语，考虑时态和语态。时态是一般现在时，语态显然需要用被动。故填arecured，主语是复数名词diseases。6.but空的前后是两个分句填连接词。根据文意，此处显然存在转折关系，故填but。7.by通过什么手段和方式都是用介词by。8.whenever空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。根据空后的theyhavetimeandwherevertheymaybe.可知此处填whenever引导让步状语从句。9.we此处9viewlearningandknowledge是个定语从句，修饰先行词Theway。再分析句子成分可知，此从句缺少主语，故填代词。从前文Wecanstudyathome…和后文wewillbecome…可知此段的主体人称是第一人称，故填we符合语境。10.learners形容词lifelong(终身的)修饰名词。注意用复数。(六)通过想象，本文作者主要告诉我们未来的学习方式和学校的变化。1.because空的前后是两个分句，故肯定是填连接词。根据两句之间的关系，此处理应是填because引导原因状语从句。2.how空的前后也是两个分句，填连接词。句意：电脑将会改变孩子们如何学习、交流和娱乐。填how引导宾语从句，作change的宾语。3.the上文已经提到过Internet，此处再提应用定冠词，或者说表示特指。4.for习惯搭配，thereisnoneedfor…意为“再也不需要……”。5.society形容词性物主代词(our)后接名词。6.better此处是个非纯空格题，且括号内不是动词，故只需要考虑形容词副词的比较等级和此类的变化。根据文意，此处不难得知存在一个隐形比较等级，故填better。7.to习惯搭配beconnectedto意为“与……连接”。8.toshow分析句子成分可知，此空是个非谓语动词，故只需要考虑-ing,-ed,todo。此处显然是个动词不定式作后置定语，修饰websites。9.it作代词，指代前面的technology。10.willchange此空作谓语，考虑时态和语态。根据前文Howwillthisbrand-newkindofschoolchange和Wearesurethat可推断出此处应该用一般将来时，语态是主动语态。故填willchange合适。(七)电子书和纸质书的优缺点。1.cheaper此篇文章是在电子书和纸质书之间进行对比，故此处存在一个隐形比较等级。故填cheaper。2.If空的后面是两个分句，故此处一定是填连接词。根据句意两个分句之间的关系可知，此处存在一个表条件的关系。故填If引导条件状语从句。注意首字母要大写。3.both分析句子成分可知…printedbooksande-books作主语。由空后的and可知，此处是both…and…结构。故填不定代词both。4.toread此空read作非谓语。表“……具有某种特点”常用主动表被动。5.They此处缺少主语填代词，They指代前面的E-books。注意首字母要大写。6.leaving此处leave是个非谓语，逻辑主语E-books与leave是主动关系，故填leaving，现在分词短语作结果状语。7.at固定搭配，lookat以为“看……”。8.a不定冠词的基本用法，表“一本……”，novel是可数名词。9.weight分析句子成分可知，此空和后面的smell一起作为并列宾语，作宾语用名词。