新高考英语概要写作教案：噪音对海洋生物的影响

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Wealreadyknowthattheunderwaterworldisanythingbutsilent.Itisfullofnaturalsoundsproducedbyanimalsandbythemotionoftheatmosphereandwater.Buttoday'sresearchersareincreasinglyconcernedabouttheman-madenoisesunderthewater.Theyareconfusing-andevenkilling-fish,whalesandothermarineanimals.Althoughhearingisimportanttoallanimals,thespecialqualitiesoftheunderseaworldemphasizetheuseofsound.Underwatersoundallowsmarineanimalstogatherinformationandcommunicateatgreatdistancesandfromalldirections.Loudunderwaternoisescancausedamagetotheirhearing.Andnowadaysit'sbecomingtoomuchformarinewildlife.Evidenceshowsthatwhaleswillswimhundredsofmiles,rapidlychangetheirdepth,andevenbeachthemselvestogetawayfromthesoundsofsonar.Youmightthinklowernoises,typicallycausedbyshippingorconstruction,donotposeathreattomarineanimals.Infact,whiletheymaynotkilltheanimalsdirectly,theycandisturbtheirabilitytolocatefood,findmatesandavoidpredators(掠食动物).Scientistslookedattheeffectsofnoisefromsmallmotorboatsoncoral-reeffishattheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia.Inthelab,thefishhadbeentrainedtorecognizethesmellofthreecommonpredatorsasathreat.Somefishweretrainedinthepresenceofboatnoise,whiletheothershadtrainingwiththenaturalsoundsoftheocean.Itturnedoutthatthefirstgroupshowednofrightreactionswhenexposedtothepredator.However,theothergroupwasscared.Andundertheinfluenceofunderwaternoiseonthisgroup，only20percentoffishsurvived,comparedtoalmost70percentofunexposedfish.Humansrelyontheoceanforitsnaturalresourcesandbiodiversity.Theoceanalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulating(调节)temperatures.AsCousteausaid，"Formostofhistory,manhashadtofightnaturetosurvive;inthiscenturyheisbeginningtorealizethat,inordertosurvive,hemustprotectit.

整个课堂设计以三个主题展开：分析文本体裁；解构概要写作步骤；总结概要写作原则。Step1Readforthestyle1.What’sthestyleofthepassage?Anargumentativearticle2.Thepartsofanargumentation:apoint,reasonsandaconclusionorsometimesanappeal.Introducethebasicstructureofanargumentation:simpleargument;chainargument;compoundargument;complexargument.Step2stepsofwritingasummaryFivesteps:findoutthetopic;makesureofthestructure;clarifythemainpoints;rewritethemainpoints;polishthepassage.

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Findoutthetopic:Buttoday'sresearchersareincreasinglyconcernedabouttheman-madenoisesunderthewater.Theyareconfusing-andevenkilling-fish,whalesandothermarineanimals.

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Analyzethestructure:Paragraph1:aviewParagraph2:theimportanceoftheuseofsoundandtheinfluencesofloudnoises.Paragraph3:theinfluenceoflowernoisesandanexperimentParagraph4:aconclusion/anappeal

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Clarifythemainpoints:Paragraph1:Theman-madeareconfusingandevenkillingfish,whalesandothermarineanimals.Paragraph2:althoughhearingisimportanttoallanimals,thespecialqualitiesoftheunderseaworldemphasizetheuseofsound.Loudunderwaternoisescancausedamagetotheirhearingandnowadaysit’sbecomingtoomuchformarinewildlife.***Tip1:deletetheunnecessarydetails.Paragraph3:Infact,whileInfact,whiletheymaynotkilltheanimalsdirectly,theycandisturbtheirabilitytolocatefood,findmatesandavoidpredators.Andundertheinfluenceofunderwaternoiseonthisgroup，only20percentoffishsurvived,comparedtoalmost70percentofunexposedfish.***Tip2:illustratetheresultshortly.Paragraph4:Humansrelyontheoceanforitsnaturalresourcesandbiodiversity.Theoceanalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulating(调节)temperatures….hemustprotectit.

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rewritethemainpointsParagraph4:presenttheproperphrasesandexpressionsandenablestudentstomakeuseofthem.➠Usethecauseandeffecttoorganizethesentences:as,so…that,for,since,becausedian…matter/mean/countalot•

AsAplaysanimportantrolein,…•

Amatterssomuchthat…•

AinfluencesBsomuchthat…•

Withsomanybenefits(ofAtoB),..Paragraph1.:extractthewordsandphrasesandorganizethepointintoonesentenceTheman-madenoisesunderthewaterareconfusingandevenkillingmarineanimals.***Tip3:learntobeginwiththetopicdirectlyParagraph2:presenttheproperphrasesandexpressionsandenablestudentstomakeuseofthem.➠Usetheadversativerelationtodevelopthesentence:yet,though,although,however,but…•

AdoharmtoB•

AbeharmfultoB•

AcausedamagetoB•

Ahaveabad/terribleinfluenceonB•

Threaten/impact/influenceParagraph3:clarifythestructureoftheparagraph:afact+asupportingexperiment***Tip4:illustratetheexperimentshortlyStep