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2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析
(江南博哥)
材料题
根据下面资料,回答L20题
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweight
fluctuations.^,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing
generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomy
overallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking
onlyofj£thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.Thatconflictedwith
howIneededtotrainto_5_mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6_ofthehardwork
andprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthto
noticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.The
most8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.
Forthese9_,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly
weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme
to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserve
and12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining
program.
Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmy
trainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisis
a16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,
fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceIno
longercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater
successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,
notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothes
fitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1、[单选题]第(1)题选
A.Therefore
B.Otherwise
C.However
0.Besides
正确答案:C
参考解析:首段提出文章中心:定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。空格
所在句指出:如果太频繁,这种习惯的坏处要比好处多。前文wonderful
way(好方法)与后文hurt(损害)形成转折关系,故填入however(然而)。其他选
项:therefore(因此),otherwise(否则)和besides(此外)放在此处皆不符合语
境,故选C。
2、[单选题]第(2)题选
A.cares
B.warns
C.reduces
D.helps
正确答案:D
参考解析:空格所在句指出"thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethan
it."(这种习惯的坏处要比——多),应该是helps(有帮助,有好处),
与前文hurt(损害)形成反义复现。其他选项:cares(关心),warns(警告),
(减少,致使)均不能与形成呼应,故选
reduceshurtDo
3、[单选题]第(3)题选
A.solely
B.occasionally
C.formally
0.initially
正确答案:A
参考解析:空格所在句指出:至于我,每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持
健康和充足的体力转移到_____体重秤上。填入solely(仅仅),语义通顺。另
外本句foeusingsolelyonthescale中的solely(仅仅)与本段后文thinking
的形成了同义复现,故选
onlyofthenumberonthescaleonlyAo
4、[单选题]第(4)题选
A.lowering
B.explaining
C.accepting
0.recording
正确答案:A
参考解析:空格所在句指出:我曾经为了增加肌肉含量而增重,但后来只考虑
体重秤上的数字,我改变了我的训练方案。填入lowering(减少或降低),
语义通顺。另外,该句中有but,说明前后为转折关系。lower与前文gain
weight(增重)形成反义复现,其他选项:explaining(解释),accepting(接受),
recording(记录)均不符合文意,故选A。
5、[单选题]第(5)题选
A.set
B.review
C.reach
0.modify
正确答案:C
参考解析:空格所在句指出:这与我需要如何训练以目标相冲突。此处
填入reach(达到)与goal(目标)形成动宾搭配,且语义通顺。其他选项:set(设
定),modify(修改)虽然可以与goal搭配,但与文意不符;review(评论,温
习)和不能形成搭配,故选
goalCo
6、[单选题]第(6)题选
A.depiction
B.distribution
C.prediction
□.definition
正确答案:A
参考解析:分析空格处所在句的句意:我还发现,每天称体重并不能为我在健
身房所做的努力以及取得的进步提供精确的o空格处所需的名词需要
使句子完整通顺。A项depiction(描写,叙述)符合语义要求;B项
distribution(分布,分配),C项prediction(预言,预测),D项definition(定
义)代入空格后,语义不通顺,均排除,故选A。
7、[单选题]第(7)题选
A.regardlessof
B.asidefrom
C.alongwith
D.dueto
正确答案:D
参考解析:空格所在句的句意:需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显
著变化改变了你的训练计划。空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成
因果的递进关系,只有D项duet。(由于)符合要求;A项regardlessof(不管,
不顾),B项asidefrom(除……以外;尚有...),C项alongwith(与一起,
连同)代入后,语义皆不通顺,故选D。
8、[单选题]第(8)题选
A.rigid
B.precise
C.immediate
0.orderly
正确答案:C
参考解析:分析空格处所在句的句意:最的改变将会体现在技能水平、
力量和身高降低上。空格处所需的形容词要和后面的changes构成语义搭配,
并且符合语境。C项immediate(立即的,直接的)符合语义要求;A项rigid(严
格的),B项precise(精确的),D项orderly(有秩序的)代入空格后,语义不通顺,
均排除,故选
co
9、[单选题]第(9)题选
A.judgments
B.reasons
C.methods
0.claims
正确答案:B
参考解析:空格所在句指出:由于这些_____(these指代上文提到的缺点),
我停止每天称体重。"停止每天称体重"与上面两段的描述构成因果关系,故只
有B项reasons(原因)符合要求;A项judgments(判断),C项methods(方
法,方式),项(要求,索赔)代入后,语义不通顺,故选
DclaimsBo
10、[单选题]第(10)题选
A.though
B.again
C.indeed
0.instead
正确答案:D
参考解析:空格所在句的前半部分指出:由于上述原因,我停止每天称体重。
后半句话句意:转而改为两个月称一次体重。switchedto"转而……"与D项
instead对应。D项instead代替反而)符合语义要求其他选项A项though(虽
然,尽管),B项again(又,再一次),C项indeed(的确,实在)代入空格后,语
义不通顺,均排除,故选
Do
11、[单选题]第(11)题选
A.track
B.overlook
C.conceal
0.report
正确答案:A
参考解析:空格所在句提到:Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal(因为减重不
是我的目的),itislessimportantformetomyweighteachweek(对
我来说,每周_____一我的体重不太重要)。空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的
宾语mvweight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配。除此之外,本段的主题是称重,因
此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化,只有A项track符合语义与主题要求,故
选A。
12、[单选题]第(12)题选
A.approveof
B.holdonto
C.accountfor
D.dependon
正确答案:C
参考解析:空格所在句提到:Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmeto
observeandanysignificantweightchanges(每隔一周称次体重使我
能够观察及任何明显的体重变化),空格处所填入的动词须和后面的宾语
weightchanges构成通顺的动宾搭配;同时,该动词还和observe构成并列关
系,并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点(先观察到体重变化.,再来了解或
解释体重变化的原因),因此只有C项accountfor(解释,了解)最恰当。
13、[单选题]第(13)题选
A.share
B.adjust
C.confirm
0.prepare
正确答案:B
参考解析:空格所在处提到:ThattellsmewhetherIneedtomy
trainingprogram(那告诉我,我是否需要_____我的训练项目)。空格处所填动
词需要和后面的宾语trainingprogram构成通顺的动宾语义搭配;除此之外,
that指代上文中"观察并解释体重变化",此处应该表明,"观察并解释体重变
化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目"。因此B项adjust符合句意要求。
14、[单选题]第(14)题选
A.features
B.rules
C.tests
0.results
正确答案:D
参考解析:空格处所在句提到:Iusemybimonthlyweigh一intoget
infomationaboutmynutritionaswell.(我根据两个月称重一次的来
获得关于我的营养方面的信息),空格处所填名词须和bimonthlyweigh—in构
成通顺的语义关系,空格处上文提到“两个月称重一次可以观察并解释任何明显
的体重变化",因此空格处应该表示"称重结果",D项results最符合句意要
求,故选D。
15、[单选题]第(15)题选
A.anxious
B.hungry
C.sick
D.bored
正确答案:B
参考解析:空格处提到:amconstantlyanddroppingweight,
thisisathatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.(如果我
持续以及体重下降,那么这是一个表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄
入),根据条件状语从句中主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系,空格处填入"hungry(饥
饿)"更符合语义要求,故选
Bo
16、[单选题]第(16)题选
A.secret
B.belief
C.sign
0.principle
正确答案:C
参考解析:空格之前的"this"指代前面if引导的条件状语从句"如果我运动
量保持不变,但总是觉得饿并且体重下降",空格后面that引导的同位语从句
"我需要增加每天卡路里的摄入",根据前后语义,此空填sign"信号"最合理,
故选C。
17、[单选题]第(17)题选
A.necessity
B.decision
C.wish
0.request
正确答案:B
参考解析:空格后动词不定式结构"tostopweighingmyselfeveryday"
作空格处名词的同位语,"停止每天称体重这个"。分析选项,A项
necessity(必要性),B项decision(决定),C项wish(愿望),D项request(要求)。
根据语义,此处填decision(决定)最合理,故选B。
18、[单选题]第(18)题选
A.surprising
B.restricting
C.consuming
□.disappointing
正确答案:D
参考解析:此空在of介词短语中,修饰名词"burden(负担)",根据语义色
彩,此处应该填贬义词。分析选项,A项surprising(令人惊喜的),B项
restricting(约束),C项consumingC肖耗)。因此只有disappointing(令人失望
的)最合理,故选
Do
19、[单选题]第(19)题选
A.because
B.unless
C.until
D.if
正确答案:A
参考解析:根据选项特征,看出本题考查句内逻辑关系,前半句话"I'vealso
experiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals"(我已
经更成功地实现了健身目标)后半句"I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,
notthenumbersonascale."俄根据那些目标来训练,而不是体重数字。)
此处应为因果关系,所以正确选项为A项because。止矽卜,本句话中的"also"
表明与前一句话之间的因果关系前一句话中的since也表示因果关系,故选A。
20、[单选题]第(20)题选
A.dominating
B.puzzling
C.triumphing
0.obsessing
正确答案:D
参考解析:根据选项特征可知此空应填入动词的现在分词,通过上文可知,作
者对"thescale"一直持否定态度,因此,此空根据语义色彩排除dominating(统
治)和triumphing(胜利),而puzzlingover(仔细琢磨,冥思苦想),与上下文语
义不符。obsessing(困扰)最符合此处语义要求,故选D。
材料题
{Page}根据下面资料,回答21-25题
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle
later,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Children
aren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry";rather,theylearnovertimethatsuch
statementsappeaseparentsandfriends--and
theirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,
intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply
uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith
stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.
"Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatrole
guiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityof
Virginia,acidingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren't
binary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.
Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportant
inequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage
humanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelp
holdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology
professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan
emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt
andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Some
kidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore
guilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycan
substituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver
assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall
sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaflermoral
transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto
sharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey
sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-prone
onessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympatheticto
theotherchild'sdeprivation."That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays,"Wecanbeprosocial
becausewecausedharmandwefeelregret."
21、[单选题]Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseit
mayhelp.
A.fosterachild'smoraldevelopment
B.regulateachild'sbasicemotions
C.improveachild'sintellectualability
D.intensifyachild'spositivefeelings
正确答案:A
参考解析:根据题干"Researchers","guilt","agoodthing"等关键
词可定位至第一段最后一句。原文中第一段最后一句提到"Thisiswhy
researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoral...agoodthing.”根据代词
this指代前文的原则可知,题干所提的原因在上文,即"Childrenaren,t
bornknowinghowtosayTmsorryz;rather,theylearnovertimethat
suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirown
consciences.",其中的"suchstatementsappeaseparentsandmends
—andtheirownconsciences"(这样的表达能安抚父母和朋友,也能让他们自
己心安),指代句中出现的结合四个选
suchstatements"sayTmsorry"'o
项jegulateachild,sbasicemotions(管理孩子的基本情绪),improveachild,
sintellectualability(提高孩子的智力),intensifyachild'spositive
feelings(加强孩子的积极感受)在原文均没有具体体现,排除B、C、D项。foster
achild'smoraldevelopment和appeaseparentsandfriends—andtheir
可以实现同义替换,故选
ownconsciencesAo
22、[单选题]Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguiltto
be.
A.inexcusable
B.deceptive
C.addictive
D.burdensome
正确答案:D
参考解析:根据题干中的关键信息"paragraph2"以及"manypeoplestill
considerguilttobe"可以定位至原文第二段第一、第二句"Inthepopular
imagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply
uncomfortable--it,stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacket
weightedwithstones."(当然,在大众的看法中,愧疚仍然会得至怀好的评
论。这种感觉非常不舒服,就像穿着一件坠着石头的夹克一样。)结合四个选项,
inexcusable(不可原谅的),deceptive(欺骗的),addictive(上瘾的),
burdensome(繁重的,负担沉重的)。只有burdensome与原文表述意思最接近,
故选D。
23、[单选题]Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfroman
awarenessthat.
A.emotionsarecontext-independent
B.anemotioncanplayopposingroles
C.emotionsaresociallyconstructive
0.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
正确答案:B
参考解析:根据题干关键信息"Vaishholdsthat..."可以定位至原文第二段
第四句"'Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking...canserve,'
saysAmrishaVaish…"既为Vaish的观点,也是题干信息所在句。后面又提到
w...addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthat...in
another(这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分,即情绪不是二元情感,在一个情
境中有利的情绪,在另一个情境中可能是有害的。),结合四个选项,emotions
arecontext-independent(情绪与情境无关)与原文表述相反,排除A项。an
emotioncanplayopposingroles(情绪可以起到相反的作用)与原文中句子的
表述一致,符合题意,所以B项正确。emotionaresociallyconstructive(从社
会角度来说,情绪具有积极性),emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth(情绪
稳定有益于身体健康),原文中都没有明确提到相关内容,排除c、D项。
24、[单选题]Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationand
sharing.
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
正确答案:B
参考解析:根据题干关键信息"Maltiandothershaveshown"和
^cooperationandsharing"可以定位至原文第四段第三句"…Maltiand
othershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferent
pathwaystocooperationandsharing."(马尔蒂和其他人已经表明,内疚和
同情心可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。)结合四个选项,mayhelpcorrect
emotionaldeficiencies(可能有助于改正感情缺陷)与原文第四段第二句话"…
thatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency”(内疚可能会弥补
感情缺陷)不符,排除A项。canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt(要么归
因于同情,要么归因于内疚)与原文表述一致,所以B项正确:canbringabout
emotionalsatisfaction(能够带来感情上的满足),原文中没有与之相关的信息,
排除C项。maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts(可能是冲动行为的结果)
与第四段第四句"...whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses."(这可以控制
他们更糟糕的冲动),属于因果倒置,与原文内容不符,排除D项。
25、[单选题]Theword"transgressions"isclosestinmeaningto.
A.teachings
B.discussions
C.restrictions
0.wrongdoings
正确答案:D
参考解析:根据题干要求定位到原文第五段第二句话"Usingcaregiver
assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild,
soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegative
emotionsaftermoraltransgressions(她用照料者的评估和孩子们的自我
观察对每一个孩子的整体同情水平以及他或她在道德上_____后感觉到消极的
倾向程度做了评价。)由句中的"tofeelnegativeemotions"可知
transgressions带有消极贬义的情感色彩。结合四个选项,teaching(教导)属于
褒义词,discussions(讨论)属于中性词,restrictions(限制,束缚)属于中性词,
与原文的感情色彩均不符,排除A、B、C项。wrongdoings(坏事,不道德的事)
属于贬义词,与原文语义相符,故选
Do
材料题
根据下面资料,回答26-30题
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst
climatechange.
Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxide
weproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitiestodoso.Theclimatechangeweare
hasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthanthey
absorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.
Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequire
reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoes
onsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung
treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying
capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so
theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.
Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless
easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtand
insectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,
andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by
2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That's
onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin
all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe
forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat
wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis
alreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey've
focusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhave
theycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California's
plan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasa
model.
26、[单选题]Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges",theauthorimplies
that.
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
0.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
正确答案:D
参考解析:根据题干关键信息"oneoftheharderchallenges"定位到原文
第一段。原文第一段第一句HForestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthe
harderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.”弓I出文章话题一
—在人类对抗气候变化中,森林给我们带来了一个更为艰巨的挑战。第二句提到
人类正威胁着森林吸收二氧化碳的能力,第三句紧接着提到人类所造成的气候变
化问题最终会使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳,而不是吸收,换言之,森林可能会
威胁到气候和人类生存,故选D。
27、[单选题]Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneed
to.
A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
正确答案:D
参考解析:根据题干信息"carbonsinks"可以定位到原文第二段。该段第一
句的前半句"thereisawayoutofthistrap"对应题干中"Tomaintainforests
asvaluable'carbonsinks"',后半句提出具体的解决方法"butitinvokes
strikingasubtlebalance"(但这需要达到一个微妙的平衡),文中并没有说这个
平衡是不同植被间的平衡,排除C项。紧接着第二句提到要达到这一目的可能需
要"reducingtheir(forestsz)capacitytoabsorbcarbonnow",即"降低
森林现在的吸收能力",由此可知D项最符合题意。
28、[单选题]California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
0.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires
正确答案:B
参考解析:{Page}根据题干关键词"ForestCarbonPlan"可以定位至原文
第三段第一句话"Thestate7sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodouble
effortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.",
题干中的对应句中(加倍努力做..
"endeavorsto""doubleeffortsto")o
因止匕,答案在短语之后,即"thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsof
theforest"(使森林里部分小树变稀疏,清理部分灌木)。结合选项,只有B项
"reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests"(降低森林的密度)与原文表述一
致,故选
Bo
29、[单选题]WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph
5?
A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.
B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.
C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.
D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.
正确答案:A
参考解析:根据题目要求可以定位至原文第五段,题目中关键词"essential"
对应原文"soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireor
drought"中的vital,其后的prioritize对应A项中的"handle...first",areas
对应项中的,故选
atgreatestriskA“theareasinseriousdanger"Ao
30、[单选题]Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbe
describedas.
A.ambiguous
B.tolerant
C.supportive
D.cautious
正确答案:C
参考解析:根据题干可确定此题是态度题。根据原文最后一段最后一句
“California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernor
nextyear,shouldserveasamodel."可知,California的计划应该起到一
个榜样的作用,并且model是一个带有积极情感色彩的词汇。结合选项,
ambiguous(模糊的),tolerant(宽容的),supportive(支持的),cautious(谨慎
的),只有最符合题意,故选
supportiveCo
材料题
根据下面资料,回答31-35题
Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.
Givenamultiyeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupin
theU.S.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulof
immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.
Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisaforagricultural
workersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithin
theindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,and
consumerswillbethelosers.
PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch
workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare
changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore
likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.
They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere
overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.
Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall
along:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.
Mechanizationisnottheanswer,either-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,
rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,
labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where
robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.
Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusing
theH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthe
visasrosesharply;from2011to2016,thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.
TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,
whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren'tgivenall
theworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.One
surveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveonthe
job22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which
removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.
Petitioningeachyearforlaborersandhopingthegovernmentprovides
enough,andthattheyarriveontimeisnowaytorunabusiness.Ina2012survey
bytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percent
ofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershave
respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliable
workforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.
AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansare
consumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrown
elsewhere.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwas
imported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreased
to25.8percent.
Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.
31、[单选题]Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwo
paragraphs?
A.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.
B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.
C.FlawsintheU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.
0.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.
正确答案:C
参考解析:根据题干关键词"firsttwoparagraphs"可定位至原文前两段。
前两段大意为:美国针对外来农民所定的移民规则中存在一定问题,并指出如果
不及时解决,美国商业、社会及消费者都会受到影响。对比选项可以判断C项正
确,其余选项均属无中生有,排除、、项,故选
ABDCo
32、[单选题]OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis.
A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants
B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers
C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers
D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers
正确答案:D
参考解析:根据题干中信息"trouble","U.S.agriculturalworkforce"
可以定位至原文第三段第二句"Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,the
本段第三至
characteristicsoftheagricuturalworkforcearechanging."o
第七句都在论证第二句的内容,其中第三句论证劳动力的来源及其倾向,第五至
第七句论证劳动力在老龄化,并指出"Andpickingcropsishardonolder
bodies."与选项D吻合。A项中的rising及illegal属于无中生有,B项中的
highmobility与定位段中的“farmlaborsaremoreI汰elytobesettled
相矛盾,项属于无中生有,均排除,故选
ratherthanimmigrating"CDo
33、[单选题]Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.
farming?
A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.
B.TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.
C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.
D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.
正确答案:B
参考解析:根据题干中的"much一arguedsolutiontothelaborshortage"
定位到第三段最后一句"Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortage
remainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswonz
tbereturningtothefarm,其中much—argued对应原文"oft—debated",
solution对应原文的"cure",冒号后面的内容解释了这个经常被谈论的方法:
美国本国工人不会重返农场。说明本身的解决方法是让美国本国工人回到农场,
所以B项符合题干要求。attractyoungerlaborers在原文没有体现,只提及农
场工人在老龄化,排除A项。原文第四段提到在高价值的农作物上需要劳动力,
在乳牛场机器人只做了一小部分工作,排除C项。原文未提到财政支持,排除D
项。
34、[单选题]Agricultural
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