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2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析

(江南博哥)

材料题

根据下面资料,回答L20题

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweight

fluctuations.^,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomy

overallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking

onlyofj£thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.Thatconflictedwith

howIneededtotrainto_5_mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6_ofthehardwork

andprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthto

noticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.The

most8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

Forthese9_,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme

to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserve

and12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining

program.

Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmy

trainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisis

a16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,

fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceIno

longercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater

successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,

notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothes

fitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1、[单选题]第(1)题选

A.Therefore

B.Otherwise

C.However

0.Besides

正确答案:C

参考解析:首段提出文章中心:定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。空格

所在句指出:如果太频繁,这种习惯的坏处要比好处多。前文wonderful

way(好方法)与后文hurt(损害)形成转折关系,故填入however(然而)。其他选

项:therefore(因此),otherwise(否则)和besides(此外)放在此处皆不符合语

境,故选C。

2、[单选题]第(2)题选

A.cares

B.warns

C.reduces

D.helps

正确答案:D

参考解析:空格所在句指出"thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethan

it."(这种习惯的坏处要比——多),应该是helps(有帮助,有好处),

与前文hurt(损害)形成反义复现。其他选项:cares(关心),warns(警告),

(减少,致使)均不能与形成呼应,故选

reduceshurtDo

3、[单选题]第(3)题选

A.solely

B.occasionally

C.formally

0.initially

正确答案:A

参考解析:空格所在句指出:至于我,每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持

健康和充足的体力转移到_____体重秤上。填入solely(仅仅),语义通顺。另

外本句foeusingsolelyonthescale中的solely(仅仅)与本段后文thinking

的形成了同义复现,故选

onlyofthenumberonthescaleonlyAo

4、[单选题]第(4)题选

A.lowering

B.explaining

C.accepting

0.recording

正确答案:A

参考解析:空格所在句指出:我曾经为了增加肌肉含量而增重,但后来只考虑

体重秤上的数字,我改变了我的训练方案。填入lowering(减少或降低),

语义通顺。另外,该句中有but,说明前后为转折关系。lower与前文gain

weight(增重)形成反义复现,其他选项:explaining(解释),accepting(接受),

recording(记录)均不符合文意,故选A。

5、[单选题]第(5)题选

A.set

B.review

C.reach

0.modify

正确答案:C

参考解析:空格所在句指出:这与我需要如何训练以目标相冲突。此处

填入reach(达到)与goal(目标)形成动宾搭配,且语义通顺。其他选项:set(设

定),modify(修改)虽然可以与goal搭配,但与文意不符;review(评论,温

习)和不能形成搭配,故选

goalCo

6、[单选题]第(6)题选

A.depiction

B.distribution

C.prediction

□.definition

正确答案:A

参考解析:分析空格处所在句的句意:我还发现,每天称体重并不能为我在健

身房所做的努力以及取得的进步提供精确的o空格处所需的名词需要

使句子完整通顺。A项depiction(描写,叙述)符合语义要求;B项

distribution(分布,分配),C项prediction(预言,预测),D项definition(定

义)代入空格后,语义不通顺,均排除,故选A。

7、[单选题]第(7)题选

A.regardlessof

B.asidefrom

C.alongwith

D.dueto

正确答案:D

参考解析:空格所在句的句意:需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显

著变化改变了你的训练计划。空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成

因果的递进关系,只有D项duet。(由于)符合要求;A项regardlessof(不管,

不顾),B项asidefrom(除……以外;尚有...),C项alongwith(与一起,

连同)代入后,语义皆不通顺,故选D。

8、[单选题]第(8)题选

A.rigid

B.precise

C.immediate

0.orderly

正确答案:C

参考解析:分析空格处所在句的句意:最的改变将会体现在技能水平、

力量和身高降低上。空格处所需的形容词要和后面的changes构成语义搭配,

并且符合语境。C项immediate(立即的,直接的)符合语义要求;A项rigid(严

格的),B项precise(精确的),D项orderly(有秩序的)代入空格后,语义不通顺,

均排除,故选

co

9、[单选题]第(9)题选

A.judgments

B.reasons

C.methods

0.claims

正确答案:B

参考解析:空格所在句指出:由于这些_____(these指代上文提到的缺点),

我停止每天称体重。"停止每天称体重"与上面两段的描述构成因果关系,故只

有B项reasons(原因)符合要求;A项judgments(判断),C项methods(方

法,方式),项(要求,索赔)代入后,语义不通顺,故选

DclaimsBo

10、[单选题]第(10)题选

A.though

B.again

C.indeed

0.instead

正确答案:D

参考解析:空格所在句的前半部分指出:由于上述原因,我停止每天称体重。

后半句话句意:转而改为两个月称一次体重。switchedto"转而……"与D项

instead对应。D项instead代替反而)符合语义要求其他选项A项though(虽

然,尽管),B项again(又,再一次),C项indeed(的确,实在)代入空格后,语

义不通顺,均排除,故选

Do

11、[单选题]第(11)题选

A.track

B.overlook

C.conceal

0.report

正确答案:A

参考解析:空格所在句提到:Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal(因为减重不

是我的目的),itislessimportantformetomyweighteachweek(对

我来说,每周_____一我的体重不太重要)。空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的

宾语mvweight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配。除此之外,本段的主题是称重,因

此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化,只有A项track符合语义与主题要求,故

选A。

12、[单选题]第(12)题选

A.approveof

B.holdonto

C.accountfor

D.dependon

正确答案:C

参考解析:空格所在句提到:Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmeto

observeandanysignificantweightchanges(每隔一周称次体重使我

能够观察及任何明显的体重变化),空格处所填入的动词须和后面的宾语

weightchanges构成通顺的动宾搭配;同时,该动词还和observe构成并列关

系,并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点(先观察到体重变化.,再来了解或

解释体重变化的原因),因此只有C项accountfor(解释,了解)最恰当。

13、[单选题]第(13)题选

A.share

B.adjust

C.confirm

0.prepare

正确答案:B

参考解析:空格所在处提到:ThattellsmewhetherIneedtomy

trainingprogram(那告诉我,我是否需要_____我的训练项目)。空格处所填动

词需要和后面的宾语trainingprogram构成通顺的动宾语义搭配;除此之外,

that指代上文中"观察并解释体重变化",此处应该表明,"观察并解释体重变

化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目"。因此B项adjust符合句意要求。

14、[单选题]第(14)题选

A.features

B.rules

C.tests

0.results

正确答案:D

参考解析:空格处所在句提到:Iusemybimonthlyweigh一intoget

infomationaboutmynutritionaswell.(我根据两个月称重一次的来

获得关于我的营养方面的信息),空格处所填名词须和bimonthlyweigh—in构

成通顺的语义关系,空格处上文提到“两个月称重一次可以观察并解释任何明显

的体重变化",因此空格处应该表示"称重结果",D项results最符合句意要

求,故选D。

15、[单选题]第(15)题选

A.anxious

B.hungry

C.sick

D.bored

正确答案:B

参考解析:空格处提到:amconstantlyanddroppingweight,

thisisathatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.(如果我

持续以及体重下降,那么这是一个表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄

入),根据条件状语从句中主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系,空格处填入"hungry(饥

饿)"更符合语义要求,故选

Bo

16、[单选题]第(16)题选

A.secret

B.belief

C.sign

0.principle

正确答案:C

参考解析:空格之前的"this"指代前面if引导的条件状语从句"如果我运动

量保持不变,但总是觉得饿并且体重下降",空格后面that引导的同位语从句

"我需要增加每天卡路里的摄入",根据前后语义,此空填sign"信号"最合理,

故选C。

17、[单选题]第(17)题选

A.necessity

B.decision

C.wish

0.request

正确答案:B

参考解析:空格后动词不定式结构"tostopweighingmyselfeveryday"

作空格处名词的同位语,"停止每天称体重这个"。分析选项,A项

necessity(必要性),B项decision(决定),C项wish(愿望),D项request(要求)。

根据语义,此处填decision(决定)最合理,故选B。

18、[单选题]第(18)题选

A.surprising

B.restricting

C.consuming

□.disappointing

正确答案:D

参考解析:此空在of介词短语中,修饰名词"burden(负担)",根据语义色

彩,此处应该填贬义词。分析选项,A项surprising(令人惊喜的),B项

restricting(约束),C项consumingC肖耗)。因此只有disappointing(令人失望

的)最合理,故选

Do

19、[单选题]第(19)题选

A.because

B.unless

C.until

D.if

正确答案:A

参考解析:根据选项特征,看出本题考查句内逻辑关系,前半句话"I'vealso

experiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals"(我已

经更成功地实现了健身目标)后半句"I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,

notthenumbersonascale."俄根据那些目标来训练,而不是体重数字。)

此处应为因果关系,所以正确选项为A项because。止矽卜,本句话中的"also"

表明与前一句话之间的因果关系前一句话中的since也表示因果关系,故选A。

20、[单选题]第(20)题选

A.dominating

B.puzzling

C.triumphing

0.obsessing

正确答案:D

参考解析:根据选项特征可知此空应填入动词的现在分词,通过上文可知,作

者对"thescale"一直持否定态度,因此,此空根据语义色彩排除dominating(统

治)和triumphing(胜利),而puzzlingover(仔细琢磨,冥思苦想),与上下文语

义不符。obsessing(困扰)最符合此处语义要求,故选D。

材料题

{Page}根据下面资料,回答21-25题

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle

later,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Children

aren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry";rather,theylearnovertimethatsuch

statementsappeaseparentsandfriends--and

theirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,

intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith

stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.

"Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatrole

guiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityof

Virginia,acidingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren't

binary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.

Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportant

inequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage

humanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelp

holdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Some

kidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore

guilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycan

substituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaflermoral

transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey

sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-prone

onessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympatheticto

theotherchild'sdeprivation."That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays,"Wecanbeprosocial

becausewecausedharmandwefeelregret."

21、[单选题]Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseit

mayhelp.

A.fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

B.regulateachild'sbasicemotions

C.improveachild'sintellectualability

D.intensifyachild'spositivefeelings

正确答案:A

参考解析:根据题干"Researchers","guilt","agoodthing"等关键

词可定位至第一段最后一句。原文中第一段最后一句提到"Thisiswhy

researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoral...agoodthing.”根据代词

this指代前文的原则可知,题干所提的原因在上文,即"Childrenaren,t

bornknowinghowtosayTmsorryz;rather,theylearnovertimethat

suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirown

consciences.",其中的"suchstatementsappeaseparentsandmends

—andtheirownconsciences"(这样的表达能安抚父母和朋友,也能让他们自

己心安),指代句中出现的结合四个选

suchstatements"sayTmsorry"'o

项jegulateachild,sbasicemotions(管理孩子的基本情绪),improveachild,

sintellectualability(提高孩子的智力),intensifyachild'spositive

feelings(加强孩子的积极感受)在原文均没有具体体现,排除B、C、D项。foster

achild'smoraldevelopment和appeaseparentsandfriends—andtheir

可以实现同义替换,故选

ownconsciencesAo

22、[单选题]Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguiltto

be.

A.inexcusable

B.deceptive

C.addictive

D.burdensome

正确答案:D

参考解析:根据题干中的关键信息"paragraph2"以及"manypeoplestill

considerguilttobe"可以定位至原文第二段第一、第二句"Inthepopular

imagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable--it,stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacket

weightedwithstones."(当然,在大众的看法中,愧疚仍然会得至怀好的评

论。这种感觉非常不舒服,就像穿着一件坠着石头的夹克一样。)结合四个选项,

inexcusable(不可原谅的),deceptive(欺骗的),addictive(上瘾的),

burdensome(繁重的,负担沉重的)。只有burdensome与原文表述意思最接近,

故选D。

23、[单选题]Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfroman

awarenessthat.

A.emotionsarecontext-independent

B.anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C.emotionsaresociallyconstructive

0.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

正确答案:B

参考解析:根据题干关键信息"Vaishholdsthat..."可以定位至原文第二段

第四句"'Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking...canserve,'

saysAmrishaVaish…"既为Vaish的观点,也是题干信息所在句。后面又提到

w...addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthat...in

another(这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分,即情绪不是二元情感,在一个情

境中有利的情绪,在另一个情境中可能是有害的。),结合四个选项,emotions

arecontext-independent(情绪与情境无关)与原文表述相反,排除A项。an

emotioncanplayopposingroles(情绪可以起到相反的作用)与原文中句子的

表述一致,符合题意,所以B项正确。emotionaresociallyconstructive(从社

会角度来说,情绪具有积极性),emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth(情绪

稳定有益于身体健康),原文中都没有明确提到相关内容,排除c、D项。

24、[单选题]Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationand

sharing.

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

正确答案:B

参考解析:根据题干关键信息"Maltiandothershaveshown"和

^cooperationandsharing"可以定位至原文第四段第三句"…Maltiand

othershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferent

pathwaystocooperationandsharing."(马尔蒂和其他人已经表明,内疚和

同情心可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。)结合四个选项,mayhelpcorrect

emotionaldeficiencies(可能有助于改正感情缺陷)与原文第四段第二句话"…

thatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency”(内疚可能会弥补

感情缺陷)不符,排除A项。canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt(要么归

因于同情,要么归因于内疚)与原文表述一致,所以B项正确:canbringabout

emotionalsatisfaction(能够带来感情上的满足),原文中没有与之相关的信息,

排除C项。maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts(可能是冲动行为的结果)

与第四段第四句"...whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses."(这可以控制

他们更糟糕的冲动),属于因果倒置,与原文内容不符,排除D项。

25、[单选题]Theword"transgressions"isclosestinmeaningto.

A.teachings

B.discussions

C.restrictions

0.wrongdoings

正确答案:D

参考解析:根据题干要求定位到原文第五段第二句话"Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild,

soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegative

emotionsaftermoraltransgressions(她用照料者的评估和孩子们的自我

观察对每一个孩子的整体同情水平以及他或她在道德上_____后感觉到消极的

倾向程度做了评价。)由句中的"tofeelnegativeemotions"可知

transgressions带有消极贬义的情感色彩。结合四个选项,teaching(教导)属于

褒义词,discussions(讨论)属于中性词,restrictions(限制,束缚)属于中性词,

与原文的感情色彩均不符,排除A、B、C项。wrongdoings(坏事,不道德的事)

属于贬义词,与原文语义相符,故选

Do

材料题

根据下面资料,回答26-30题

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.

Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxide

weproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitiestodoso.Theclimatechangeweare

hasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthanthey

absorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.

Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequire

reducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoes

onsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.

Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless

easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtand

insectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,

andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by

2030--financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That's

onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin

all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey've

focusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhave

theycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California's

plan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasa

model.

26、[单选题]Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges",theauthorimplies

that.

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

0.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

正确答案:D

参考解析:根据题干关键信息"oneoftheharderchallenges"定位到原文

第一段。原文第一段第一句HForestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthe

harderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.”弓I出文章话题一

—在人类对抗气候变化中,森林给我们带来了一个更为艰巨的挑战。第二句提到

人类正威胁着森林吸收二氧化碳的能力,第三句紧接着提到人类所造成的气候变

化问题最终会使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳,而不是吸收,换言之,森林可能会

威胁到气候和人类生存,故选D。

27、[单选题]Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks",wemayneed

to.

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

正确答案:D

参考解析:根据题干信息"carbonsinks"可以定位到原文第二段。该段第一

句的前半句"thereisawayoutofthistrap"对应题干中"Tomaintainforests

asvaluable'carbonsinks"',后半句提出具体的解决方法"butitinvokes

strikingasubtlebalance"(但这需要达到一个微妙的平衡),文中并没有说这个

平衡是不同植被间的平衡,排除C项。紧接着第二句提到要达到这一目的可能需

要"reducingtheir(forestsz)capacitytoabsorbcarbonnow",即"降低

森林现在的吸收能力",由此可知D项最符合题意。

28、[单选题]California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

0.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

正确答案:B

参考解析:{Page}根据题干关键词"ForestCarbonPlan"可以定位至原文

第三段第一句话"Thestate7sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodouble

effortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.",

题干中的对应句中(加倍努力做..

"endeavorsto""doubleeffortsto")o

因止匕,答案在短语之后,即"thinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsof

theforest"(使森林里部分小树变稀疏,清理部分灌木)。结合选项,只有B项

"reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests"(降低森林的密度)与原文表述一

致,故选

Bo

29、[单选题]WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph

5?

A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.

B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.

C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.

D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.

正确答案:A

参考解析:根据题目要求可以定位至原文第五段,题目中关键词"essential"

对应原文"soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireor

drought"中的vital,其后的prioritize对应A项中的"handle...first",areas

对应项中的,故选

atgreatestriskA“theareasinseriousdanger"Ao

30、[单选题]Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbe

describedas.

A.ambiguous

B.tolerant

C.supportive

D.cautious

正确答案:C

参考解析:根据题干可确定此题是态度题。根据原文最后一段最后一句

“California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernor

nextyear,shouldserveasamodel."可知,California的计划应该起到一

个榜样的作用,并且model是一个带有积极情感色彩的词汇。结合选项,

ambiguous(模糊的),tolerant(宽容的),supportive(支持的),cautious(谨慎

的),只有最符合题意,故选

supportiveCo

材料题

根据下面资料,回答31-35题

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyearsnow.

Givenamultiyeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupin

theU.S.jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulof

immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisaforagricultural

workersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithin

theindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,and

consumerswillbethelosers.

PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch

workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore

likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.

They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere

overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.

Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall

along:NativeU.S.workerswon'tbereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisnottheanswer,either-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,

rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,

labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusing

theH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthe

visasrosesharply;from2011to2016,thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,

whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren'tgivenall

theworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.One

surveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveonthe

job22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which

removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.

Petitioningeachyearforlaborersandhopingthegovernmentprovides

enough,andthattheyarriveontimeisnowaytorunabusiness.Ina2012survey

bytheCaliforniaFarmBureau,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percent

ofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershave

respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.Withoutreliableaccesstoareliable

workforce,moregrowerswillbetemptedtomovesouth.

AccordingtoareportbythePartnershipforaNewAmericanEconomy,Americansare

consumingmorefreshproduce,whichisgood.Butarisingshareofitisgrown

elsewhere.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwas

imported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithadincreased

to25.8percent.

Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

31、[单选题]Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwo

paragraphs?

A.DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

C.FlawsintheU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

0.DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.

正确答案:C

参考解析:根据题干关键词"firsttwoparagraphs"可定位至原文前两段。

前两段大意为:美国针对外来农民所定的移民规则中存在一定问题,并指出如果

不及时解决,美国商业、社会及消费者都会受到影响。对比选项可以判断C项正

确,其余选项均属无中生有,排除、、项,故选

ABDCo

32、[单选题]OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis.

A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers

C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers

D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers

正确答案:D

参考解析:根据题干中信息"trouble","U.S.agriculturalworkforce"

可以定位至原文第三段第二句"Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,the

本段第三至

characteristicsoftheagricuturalworkforcearechanging."o

第七句都在论证第二句的内容,其中第三句论证劳动力的来源及其倾向,第五至

第七句论证劳动力在老龄化,并指出"Andpickingcropsishardonolder

bodies."与选项D吻合。A项中的rising及illegal属于无中生有,B项中的

highmobility与定位段中的“farmlaborsaremoreI汰elytobesettled

相矛盾,项属于无中生有,均排除,故选

ratherthanimmigrating"CDo

33、[单选题]Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.

farming?

A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

B.TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.

C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

正确答案:B

参考解析:根据题干中的"much一arguedsolutiontothelaborshortage"

定位到第三段最后一句"Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortage

remainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswonz

tbereturningtothefarm,其中much—argued对应原文"oft—debated",

solution对应原文的"cure",冒号后面的内容解释了这个经常被谈论的方法:

美国本国工人不会重返农场。说明本身的解决方法是让美国本国工人回到农场,

所以B项符合题干要求。attractyoungerlaborers在原文没有体现,只提及农

场工人在老龄化,排除A项。原文第四段提到在高价值的农作物上需要劳动力,

在乳牛场机器人只做了一小部分工作,排除C项。原文未提到财政支持,排除D

项。

34、[单选题]Agricultural

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