Unit6英语被动语态专题课件-人教版英语九年级全册

ThePassiveVoiceWhatdoesshedoeveryday？Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.Theflowersarewatered

(byher)

everyday.Sydneyisvisitedbymanytouristseveryyear.《飘》ThebookwaswrittenbyMargaretMitchell.GonewiththewindTheumbrellaisusedforkeepingofftherain.ThelightwasinventedbyThomasEdison.

Anncantakegoodcareof

thecats

．Thecats

canbetakengoodcareof

byAnn.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

be+done过去分词变化规则：规则/不规则(1)一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成：work/worked,stay/stayed,shout/shouted等.(2)在以-e结尾动词后只加d：close/closed,like/liked,live/lived,smile/smiled等.(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i再加-ed：study/studied,carry/carried等.(4)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed：stop/stopped,admit/admitted,refer/referred,prefer/preferred等.

被动语态的用法：when?

1、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；

2、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；

3、只需强调动作的承受者时。

e.g.(1)TrainsaremadeinZhuzhou.(2)EnglishisspokeninCanada.(3)ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.

助动词be+及物动词的过去分词e.g.1.TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou.(主动语态)

Trains__________inZhuzhou.(被动语态)

2.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.Cotton_______bythefarmerseveryyear.

3.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

English__________bymanypeople.aremadeisgrownisspoken被动语态的构成：bedone(be

有人称、时态和数的变化)(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时：

含有情态动词 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时：

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

am/is/are+donewas/were+done

shall/will+bedone

can/must+bedone

am/is/are+being+done

was/were+being+done

have/has+been+done

had+been+done

1.一般现在时被动语态的构成：

1.Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouse____________byher.

isoftencleanedareplantedam/is/are+动词的过去分词

2.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear.Trees_________byusinspringeveryyear.

2.一般过去时被动语态的构成：

e.g1.Theybuiltthehouselastyear.Thehouse_________lastyear.

wasbuiltweretakenwas/were+动词的过去分词2.Miketookthesephotosinthepark.Thesephotos_________byMikeinthepar

have/has+been+V(p.p.)1.Hehasinvitedallhisfriendstohisparty.Allhisfriendshavebeeninvitedtohisparty.2.Thethiefhasstolenallthemoney.Themoneyhasbeenstolenbythethief.3.现在完成时被动语态的构成：

abird,catch,bytheboyAbirdhasbeencaughtbytheboy.Adog,examine,threetimes,bythedoctorAdoghasbeenexaminedthreetimesbythedoctor.myleg,biteMyleghasbeenbitten.myfoot,cutMyfoot

hasbeencut.

twosingerstars,invite,partyTwosingerstarshavebeeninvitedtothiscity.4.含有情态动词的被动语态：e.g1.Theymustbuildahotelinthetown.Ahotel__________bytheminthetown.

mustbebuilt

情态动词+be+动词的过去分词

用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空：1.Sandy____________(think)tobethebeststudentinhisclass.2.Thechildren__________(take)goodcareofinthekindergarden3.Thisbook_________(cost)youtenyuan.4.Thisbook______________(mustreturn)tothelibraryontime.5.TheChineseCommunistParty___________(found)inJuly,1921.

isthoughtaretakencostmustbereturnedwasfounded5.一般将来时：

willbedone(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.5.现在进行时：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.

Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主语谓语宾语→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主语谓语宾语（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell

等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.

2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词

for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing

等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

3.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.4.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。

对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)5.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.

6.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……

Itisreportedthat…据推测……

Itissupposedthat…希望……

Itishopedthat…众所周知…Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议…Itissuggestedthat…ChangethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice1.TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory.2.NorthwestChinagrowsthebestcotton.3.TheyusethisroomforplayingPingpong.4.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.

TVsets

aremadeinthatfactory

ThebestcottonisgrowninNorthwestChina.ThisroomisusedforplayingPingpongThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.5.Themanagermadethemwork10hoursaday.6.Chinah