河北省邯郸市第二十八中学2021年高三英语测试题含解析

河北省邯郸市第二十八中学2021年高三英语测试题含解析一、选择题1.Toenjoyabetterfuture,youshould____________difficultieswhenyouarefacedwiththem.

A.goover

B.getover

C.takeover

D.turnover参考答案：B2.Tounderstandthegrammarofthesentence,youmustbreakit

intoparts.

A．down

B．up

C．off

D．out参考答案：A

解析：此题考查了动词短语。注意break与不同的介词或副词搭配，意思不同。breakdown的意思为“停顿、分解、中止、垮掉”；breakup的意思为“打碎、变坏”等；breakoff的意思为“中断、断绝、解除”；breakout的意思为“爆发”。根据句子的意思：为了理解句子中的语法，你必须把句子分解成为几个部分。故正确答案为A。3.________,shecouldn’ttakepartintheprojectasithadbeenscheduled.A.Shewasbadlyillinhospital

B.TobebadlyillinhospitalC.Beingbadlyillinhospital

D.Sincebeingbadlyillinhospital参考答案：C4.Anyone________beavictimofroadaccidentsifhedoesn’tobservetrafficregulations.A.can

B.must

C.should

D.shall参考答案：A5.InthecapitalKathmandu,thousandsofpeople_______thenightonpavements,inparksandopenfieldsinchillytemperaturesbeforetheyreturnedtotheircollapsedhomes.A.wouldspend

B.werespending

C.spent

D.hadspent参考答案：D考察过去完成时。过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果，结构为：had+动词的过去分词形式。成百上千的人们呆在户外发生在“回到家中”这个动作之前。句意：在加德满都首都，在他们回到坍塌的家之前，成百上千的群众在人行道、公园、空旷的田间度过了寒冷的夜晚，故选D。6.Thebossrefusedtosellthecarfor________hethoughtwasnotsatisfactory,A.that

B.which

C.

how

D.what参考答案：D7.Ithasbeenrainingforalmostaweek,sohisvisittoBeijingis____butfunny.A.nothing

B.anythingC.something

D.everything参考答案：A试题分析：考查固定搭配。A.没有什么，nothingbut：表示除..之外一无所有，只有；B.任何事；C.一些事；D.每件事。句意：已经下了大约一周的雨了，因此他去北京的游玩除了有趣外一无所有。故选A8.Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe_______scientistssucceedinprovidingacureforcancer?A.when

B.after

C.since

D.before参考答案：6．D试题分析：句意:你认为还需多长时间科学家就能成功提供治癌症的方法？when当……时候；after在……之后；since自从；itwillbesometimebefore...再过多长时间就。根据句意故选D。考点：考查固定句式的用法。点评：本题难度适中。固定句式是近几年高考常出现的一个考查项目，高中阶段的一些句式不是很多，提醒考生在平时多加注意它们的用法及意义。即学即练:Howlongisit_______wevisitedyourmother?A.when

B.after

C.since

D.before解析：C。句意：自从我们看望你母亲以来到现在有多长时间了？

【解析】略9.Ifwe

atableinadvance,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinthelongqueue.A.reserve

B.reservedC.havereserved

D.hadreserved参考答案：D考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们事先预定了一张桌子，我们就不会站在长长的队伍里了。从句是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，故从句中应使用过去完成时，主句与现在事实相反，使用would/could/might/should+do。根据题意，故选D。10.Butifatreatment________delayedthediseasebysevenyearsweretobeavailable,thenumberofsuffererswoulddropby40%bythemiddleofthecentury.A.where

B.whenC.why

D.that参考答案：D试题分析：考查定语从句。A.在哪；B…时候；C.为什么；D.无实际意义。句意：要不是把这个疾病推迟了七年的治疗方法是可用的，那么在中世纪时受害者会减少40%。that在从句中充当主语，无实际意义，仅指代treatment。故选D11.IhavebeenstayingupuntilmidnightsinceMonday,workingonmypaper.Ineedto_______somesleepthisweekend.A.makesenseof

B.liveupto C.getalongwith D.catchupon参考答案：D12.______exerciseearlyinthemorninghasbecomepartofhisretiredlife. A.Take

B.Takes

C.Taking

D.Taken参考答案：CC考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上锻炼是他退休生活的一部分。Takingexercise锻炼，动名词做主语，故选C项。13.—HowgladIam.I’vefinallypassedthedrivingtest.

—

A．Congratulations.

B．Cheers.

C．Bestwishes.

D．Goodluck.参考答案：A14.______IfailedinEnglishathirdtime,Ihadnodoubtaboutmygiftforforeignlanguages.A.Bythetime

B.Until

C.After

D.Unless参考答案：B15.Inthepast,scienceclassstartedfromgradethree.Butthenewcurriculumallowsjuniorstudents______tonaturalsciencesearlier.A.priority

B.privilegeC.adaptation

D.access参考答案：D考查名词。A.priority优先权；

B.privilege特权；C.adaptation适应；

D.access进入。句意：在过去，理科班从三年级开始。但是新课程使初级学生更早获得自然科学。accessto通向---的路口，根据句意可知答案为D。16.Manyofthecreaturesinthemovie“Avatar”arenotreal,burmuchof

happensisstillattractive.A.what B.that C.which D.them参考答案：A17.Thetwonaughtyboyswerequietwheneating,andtheywereaccustomedto______atmeals.A.talk

B.talking

C.nottotalk

D.nottalking参考答案：5．D试题分析：句意:两个淘气的孩子吃饭的时候很安静，他们习惯于吃饭的时候不说话。这里beaccustomedtodoing，其否定形式是beaccustomednottodoing，根据句意故选D。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。点评：本题难度适中。不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。即学即练:Ifeelupset，fortherearesomanytroublesomeproblems__________.A.remainingtosettle

B.remainedtosettleC.remainingtobesettled

D.remainedtobesettled解析：C。考查现在分词作定语，修饰problems，意为：我很失望，因为有这么多的麻烦事要解决。

【解析】略18.TheBullteam________thefootballmatchandthey_______muchexperienceinplayingfootball.A.gained;got

B.won;won

C.won;gained

D.got;got参考答案：19._______youstartwithonesmallpositivethingduringyourday,you’llbegintomoveintoamorepositivesituation.A.Evenif

B.Incase

C.Aslongas

D.Asfaras参考答案：C二、完型填空20.阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit.Sodo

1

.Whenyouseeanappleorapieceofchocolateyouknowthatthesearethingsyoucaneat.Youcanalsouseother

2

whenyouchooseyourfood.Youmay

3

itbecauseitsmellsgoodorbecauseit

4

good.Youmaydislikesometypesoffoodbecausetheydonotlook,smellortasteverynice.Different

5

usedifferentsensestofindandchoosetheirfood.Afewanimalsdependononlyoneoftheirsenses,whilemostanimalsusemorethanonesense.Althoughtherearemany

6

typesoffood,someanimalsspendtheirliveseatingonlyonetype.Thegiantpandaeatsonlyone

7

typeofbamboo.Otheranimalseatonlyonetypeoffoodevenwhengiventhe

8

.Akindofwhitebutterflywillstayontheleavesofacabbage,eventhoughthereareplentyofother

9

inthegarden.However,mostanimalshaveamore

10

diet.Thebeareatsfruitsandfish.Thefoxeatssmallanimals,birdsandfruits.The

11

oftheseanimalswillbedifferentdependingontheseason.

12

haveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitis

13

forus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuch

14

.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimal

15

,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodemlife.1.A.males

B.children

C.humans

D.adults2.A.organs

B.senses

C.parts

D.means3.A.hate

B.sell

C.like

D.fancy4.A.digests

B.consumes

C.touches

D.tastes5.A.creatures

B.mammals

C.people

D.animals6.A.different

B.rare

C.familiar

D.unique7.A.typical

B.particular

C.special

D.unusual8.A.food

B.meal

C.choice

D.diet9.A.flowers

B:vegetables

C.fruits

D.branches10.A.varied

B.creative

C.random

D.nutritious11.A.fish

B.fruit

C.diet

D.insect12.A.Animals

B.Chinese

C.Humans

D.Foreigners13.A.effective

B.beneficial

C.delicious

D.attractive14.A.sugar

B.nicotine

C.fiber

D.alcohol15.A.products

B.attachments

C.goods

D.subscriptions参考答案：1—5CBCDD6—10ABCBA11—15CCBAA 21.AttheendoftheFirstWorldWar,in1918.ChinawasconvinceditwouldbeabletoreclaimtheterritoriesoccupiedbytheGermansinpresent-dayShandongProvince.Afterall,ithadfoughtalongwiththeAllies.Howeveritwasnottobe.Thewarlordgovernmentofthedayhad____21____struckadealwiththeJapanese,offeringtheGermancoloniesinreturnforfinancialsupport.TheAllies,____22____,acknowledgedJapan’sterritorialclaimsinChina.WhenitbecameknowninChinainApril1919thatthenegotiationsovertheTreatyofVersailles（凡尔赛条约）wouldnot____23____China’sclaims,itgaverisetoamovementthatmightbeconsideredevenmorerevolutionarythantheonethatendedtheEmpire.InthecourseofthisMayFourthMovementsome5,000studentsfromPekingUniversityhitthestreetsto____24____theVersaillesTreaty.ButmorewasatstakethanJapan’sgrabbingofland.Whenoneconsidersthe1911Revolutionasamereregime（政体）change,itbecomeclearthatthenumerouspopulardemandsformodernizationhadnotbeensatisfiedyet.TheMayFourthMovementwaspartculturalrevolution,part___25___movement.Ontheculturalside,thestudentshadbeeninspiredintheprecedingtwodecadesbyWesternthought,creatingafeelingoffrustrationand___26___withChinesetradition.Intheintellectualferment（酝酿/骚动）thatresultedfromthis,answersweresoughtforthequestionswhyandhowChinahadlaggedbehindtheWest.Thenegativeinfluencesoftraditionalmorality,theclan（宗族）systemandConfucianismwereseenasthemaincauses.Chinainitsshakystatecouldonlybecuredby“TwoDoctors”:DoctorScience（赛先生）andDoctorDemocracy（德先生）.Atthesametime,intellectualsuntiedintheNewCultureMovementattemptedtomakeChineseculturemore____27____tosocialgroupsbeyondthetraditionalscholar-officials.Tothisend,theyadvocatedaLiteraryRevolution,inwhichwenyan,theossified（僵化的）systemof____28____language,wastobereplacedbyasystembasedonconversationallanguage,theso-calledbaihua.HuShiisoneofthescholarswho____29____withthismovement,andmeanwhileLuXunisseenasoneofthemostproductivepractitionersofthistypeofwritingthatcameinto___30___inthe1920s.ThesocialaspectsofMayFourthconsistedofattemptstofreetheChinesewoman,althoughthiswasoftenlimitedtomovementstobringfoot-bindingtoahalt.Nonetheless,inthecitiesnewly____31____women,moderngirlswhohadbeeneducated,becamealoudvoiceforfurtherchanges.MayFourthisseenasacritical___32___forthefoundingoftheChineseCommunistParty.Before1919,therewashardlyanyinterestinwhatwashappeninginRussia.AfterMayFourth,Marxismwasseenasa___33___revolutionaryideologyforapredominantlyagriculturalsocietysuchasChinastillwas.Eventoday,MayFourthfunctionsasapointof___34___forChina.ThePartymayinterprettheeventsof1919asbeingbroughtaboutbyitsearliestmembers,anditmayturnLuXunintotheMarxistwriterhewouldrefusetobe,butthefact____35____thatMayFourthtrulysetChinaonitsrevolutionarypath.21.A.firmly B.suddenly C.immediately D.secretly22.A.ontheotherhand B.forinstance C.onthecontrary D.withnoexception23.A.challenge B.honor C.withdraw D.investigate24.A.agreeon B.drawup C.demonstrateagainst D.adhereto25.A.political B.democratic C.social D.revolutionary26.A.contentment B.dissatisfaction C.interconnection D.identification27.A.accessible B.modernized C.complex D.appealing28.A.written B.non-verbal C.informal D.dead29.A.debated B.parted C.disagreed D.identified30.A.effect B.being C.power D.fortune31.A.engaged B.divorced C.liberated D.widowed32.A.burden B.accelerator C.message D.handbrake33.A.superficial B.unrealistic C.applicable D.imperfect34.A.departure B.difference C.interest D.reference35.A.alters B.denies C.overstates D.remains参考答案：21.D

22.A

23.B

24.C

25.C

26.B

27.A

28.A

29.D

30.B

31.C

32.B

33.C

34.D

35.D这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章叙述了五四运动爆发的前因后果，阐述了五四运动的重大意义和深远影响。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时的军阀政府秘密地与日本人达成了一项协议。A.firmly坚定地；B.suddenly突然地；C.immediately马上，立刻；D.secretly秘密地。上文提到：一战快结束的时候，中国相信可以收回被德国占领山东省的殖民地。但是，这是不可能的。之前军阀政府和日本签署的协议将归属德国的殖民地转让给了日本，显然这个协议是“秘密”签署的，否则，中国不会认为自己可以收回归属德国的殖民地。故选D。【22题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。A.ontheotherhand另一方面；B.forinstance例如；C.onthecontrary相反地；D.withnoexception毫无例外。该句和上一句并列，解释中国不可能收回德国占领的殖民地的两个原因。一方面，军阀政府已和日本达成秘密协议，将归属德国的殖民地转让给了日本。另一方面，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。故选A。23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：《凡尔赛条约》的协议不会尊重中国的主张。A.challenge挑战；B.honor尊重，给……荣誉；C.withdraw撤退；D.investigate挑战。上一句提到，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。由此推知，《凡尔赛条约》不尊重中国（收回德国占领的殖民地）的主张。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这场五四运动中，来自北京大学的大约5000名学生走上街头，反对凡尔赛条约。A.agreeon就……取得一致意见；B.drawup草拟；C.demonstrateagainst示威反对……；D.adhereto拥护，追随。根据上文可知，《凡尔赛条约》侵害了中国的利益，因此，学生们会“示威游行”，反对《凡尔赛条约》。故选C。25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五四运动一部分是文化大革命，一部分是社会运动。A.political政治的；B.democratic民主的，大众的；C.social社会的，社交的；D.revolutionary革命的，大变革的。根据倒数第三段中的“ThesocialaspectsofMayFourthconsistedofattemptstofreetheChinesewoman”可知，五四运动一部分是“社会”运动。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在文化方面，学生们在过去的二十年里受到了西方思想的启发，对中国传统产生了挫败感和不满的情绪。A.contentment满足，满意；B.dissatisfaction不满意；C.interconnection互相关联；D.identification鉴定，识别。该空和frustration(挫败，沮丧)并列，感情色彩应一致。结合选项，B选项切题。在西方思想的启发下，学生们对中国传统产生了“不满的”情绪。故选B。27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，在新文化运动中得到解放的知识分子试图使中国文化被传统士大夫之外的社会群体所接受。A.accessible易懂的，可接近的，可进入的B.modernized现代化的；C.complex复杂的；D.appealing有吸引力的。知识分子企图让传统士大夫之外的群体更容易“接受”，更容易“理解”中国文化。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为此，他们提倡文学革命，在文学革命中，文言文这种僵化的书面语言系统被以会话语言为基础的白话文所代替。A.written书面的；B.non-verbal非言语的；C.informal不正式的；D.dead死的。结合常识可知，文言文属于书面语言系统。且该空和后面的“conversationallanguage”相反，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：胡适是认同这一运动的学者之一，与此同时，鲁迅被认为是这种类型的写作中最多产的实践者之一。A.debated辩论；B.parted分离；C.disagreed不同意；D.identified认同，鉴定，辨别。结合常识可知，胡适倡导新文化运动，即：他“认同”新文化运动。且该句和后面鲁迅的例子是并列关系，感情色彩一致，由此也可以推知胡适是认同新文化运动的。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲁迅被认为是这种类型的写作中最多产的实践者之一，这种类型的写作形成于20世纪20年代。A.effect影响；B.being存在，生物；C.power力量；D.fortune运气，财富。根据第一段可知，五四运动爆发于1919年，在五四运动过程中，这种类型的写作形成了。comeintobeing意为“形成”，是固定短语。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，在城市里新解放的妇女，受过教育的现代女孩，成为进一步变革的响亮声音。A.engaged已订婚的，忙碌的；B.divorced离婚的；C.liberated解放的；D.widowed寡居的。根据上一句中的“freetheChinesewoman”以及和该处并列的“moderngirlswhohadbeeneducated”可以推知，该处应指那些“被解放的”妇女。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：五四被视为中国共产党成立的关键加速器。A.burden负担；B.accelerator油门，催化剂；C.message信息；D.handbrake手闸。根据该段剩余部分可知，五四运动促进了马克思主义在中国的传播。由此推知，五四运动对于中国共产党的成立起了“推动作用”，“加速”了中国共产党的成立。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五四以后，马克思主义被认为是一种适用于中国这样一个以农业为主社会的革命思想。A.superficial粗略的，肤浅的；B.unrealistic不切实际的；C.applicable可应用的，适合的；D.imperfect不完美的。该句和上一句进行对比。上一句提到，五四运动之前，人们不了解俄国的情况，当然也不了解马克思主义。那么该句应指五四运动之后，马克思主义为人们所了解，接受，人们认为它是适合中国的革命思想。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，五四也是中国的一个参照点。A.departure离开，出发；B.difference区别；C.interest兴趣；D.reference参考，参照。根据该段最后一句“五四确实使中国走上了革命道路”可知，五四运动是中国的一个参照点。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能会把鲁迅变成他所不愿成为的马克思主义作家，但事实仍然是五四确实使中国走上了革命道路。A.alters改变；B.denies否认；C.overstates夸张；D.remains仍然是。结合前文几段对五四运动的介绍可知，五四运动的确使中国走上了革命道路，这个事实今天依然存在，不可否认。故选D。

三、阅读理解22.Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanlowertheIQmorethantwiceasmuchassmokingmarijuana(大麻).Thatisthestatementofresearcherswhohavefoundthattappingawayonamobilephoneorcomputerkeyboardorcheckingforelectronicmessagestemporarilyknocksupto10pointsofftheuser’sIQ.Thisrateofdeclineinintelligencecomparedunfavorablywiththefour-pointdropinIQassociatedwithsmokingmarijuana,accordingtoBritishresearchers,whohavedescribedthephenomenonofimprovedstupidityas“infomania”.TheresearchconductedbyHewlettPackard,thetechnologycompany,hasconcludedthatitismainlyaproblemforadultworkers,especiallymen.Itisconcludedthattoomuchuseofmoderntechnologycandamageaperson’smind.Itcancauseaconstantdistractionof“alwayson”technologywhenemployeesshouldbeconcentratingonwhattheyarepaidtodo.Infomaniameansthattheyloseconcentrationastheirmindsremainfixedinanalmostpermanentstateofreadinesstoreacttotechnologyinsteadoffocusingonthetaskinhand.Thereportalsoaddedthat,inalongterm,thebrainwillbeconsiderablyshapedbywhatwedotoitandbytheexperienceofdailylife.Atamicrocellular(微蜂窝，微孔的)level,thecomplexnetworksofnervecellsthatmakeuppartsofthebrainactuallychangeinresponsetocertainexperiences.Toomuchuseofmoderntechnologycanbedamagingnotonlytoaperson’smind,buttotheirsocialrelationship.1100adultswereinterviewedduringtheresearch.Morethan62percentofthemadmittedthattheywereaddictedtocheckingtheire-mailsandtextmessagessooftenthattheyscrutinizedwork-relatedonesevenwhenathomeoronholiday.Halfsaidthattheyalwaysrespondedimmediatelytoane-mailandwilleveninterruptameetingtodoso.Itisconcludedthatinfomaniaisincreasingstressandanxietyandaffectingone’scharacteristics.Nineoutoftenthoughtthatcolleagueswhoanswerede-mailsormessagesduringaface-to-facemeetingwereextremelyrude.TheeffectsonIQwerestudiedbyDr.GlennWilson,apsychologistatUniversityofLondon.“Thisisaveryrealandwidespreadphenomenon,”hesaid.“Wehavefoundthatinfomaniawilldamageaworker’sperformancebyreducingtheirmentalsharpnessandchangingtheirsociallife.Companiesshouldencourageamorebalancedandappropriatewayofworking.”【小题1】Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat“infomania”__________.