2017-2021北京海淀高一（下）期中英语汇编：阅读理解

16/162017-2021北京海淀高一（下）期中英语汇编阅读理解（2021·北京海淀高一期中）WomenWhoChangedScienceForeverThisInternationalWomen’sDay,we’recelebratingthreewomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.EllenOchoaEllenOchoaisanAmericanengineerandretiredastronaut.ShewasthefirstLatinawomantoflyinspaceaspartofthecrewoftheshuttleDiscoveryin1993.OchoaattendedSanDiegoStateUniversityandthencontinuedhereducationatStanford.Ochoaregardshermother,whosepassionforlearningkeptherinpart-timecollegecoursesallthroughOchoa’schildhood,asanimportantinfluenceonhercareer.Attheendofherflyingcareer,Ochoahadtravelednearly1,000hoursinspace.From2012to2018,OchoaservedasthedirectorofJohnsonSpaceCenterinHouston,Texas,onlythesecondwomantoheadupNASA’shumanspaceflightheadquarters.MamiePhippsClarkMamiePhippsClarkwasanAmericansocialpsychologist(心理学家),whospecializedinchilddevelopmentinblackchildren.BorninArkansas,Clarkdrewonherearlyexperiencesasablackchildinthesegregated(种族隔离的)AmericanSouthtohelpchildrengrowingupwiththesameiniquities.ClarkstatedatHowardUniversityin1934,andwentontocompleteaPhDinpsychology.SheandKenneth,nowherhusband,werethefirsttwoblackpeopletoearnPhDsatColumbia.Withtheirfunding,shestartedthefamousDollTest,whichshowedthenegativeeffectsofschoolsegregationonblackchildren.AnandibaiGopalraoJosheeAnandibaiJpsheewastobecomeIndia’sfirstwomanphysicianwithamedicaldegree.Whenshewasyoung,herfatherstrayed(偏离)fromthetraditionalHindubeliefthatwomenshouldnotreceiveeducationandencouragedhertogotoschool.Whenshewasfifteen,shewasdeterminedtostudymedicine,achoicelikelyinfluencedbythelossofaninfantsonandsurvivingaseriousillnessherself.AttheWoman’sMedicalCollege,Josheestudieddevotedly,hopingtoreturntoIndiatoserveotherIndianwomen.ShediedinFebruary1887attheyoungageoftwenty-one.Despitehershortlife,Joshee’saccomplishmentswereremarkableforanIndianwoman,andherachievementswereenoughtoopenthedoorforotherIndianwomentoquicklyfollow.1．InOchoa’sidea,whatinfluenceshermostinhercareer?A．Herpart-timejobinacollege.B．Herfirstflightinspacein1993.C．Hermother’sdesireforknowledge.D．HerexperienceinNASAheadquarters.2．WhatisPhippsClarkfamousfor?A．HavingaPhDinpsychology.B．Fightingagainstracialdiscrimination.C．Startingthetestonthegrowthofchildren.D．Devotingherselftothefoundingofequalities.3．Whatdothethreegreatwomenhaveincommon?A．Theyspecializedinsimilarresearchfields.B．Theyallexperiencedinequalityineducation.C．Theywerepioneerschangingourbeliefinwomen.D．Theywerescientistsinfluencingourwayoflearning4．Whichofthefollowingwordbestdescribesthethreewomen?A．Dedicated. B．Modest. C．Creative. D．Caring.（2021·北京海淀高一期中）ECyclingreferstotherecyclingofelectronicitems,whicharebecomingacommonprobleminAmericanhomeandthroughouttheworld.TheEPA,orEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,hasactuallystartedaprogramtohelpandmotivatetherecyclingofelectronics.Togettheprogramtotheregionalandneighborhoodlevels,theEPAdirected“Plug-IntoeCyelingPartners.”Thesepartnershipssupportelectronicreusingprogramsinindividualcommunities.Theyprovidelocalgovernments,retailersandmanufacturerswithopportunitiestoreuseandrecycletheiritems.Thosewhomakeandofferelectronicdevicesthenpromoteprogramsandopportunitiesforconsumerstoreusetheirsecond-handelectronicproducts.OneoftheEPA’sgoalsistoenlightencustomersaboutwhytherecyclingofelectronicsissoimportant.TheylikewisewishtomakeeCyclingchanceseasilyaccessibletospecificconsumersandtheirfamilyelectronics.AccordingtotheEPA,theeCyclingprogramhasactuallybeenquitesuccessful.In2008,theEPAcollected66.5millionpoundsofelectronicdevicesthroughtheirPlug-InPartners.Localgovernmentshaveactuallylikewisegotonboardandpassedlawsintendedtohandleusedelectronicdevices.HugecorporationshaveactuallyintroducedeCyclingprogramsattheirlocalretailstores.Onesellerofferscustomerssmall,mediumandbigboxesforsale,whichthecustomersthenloadwithusedelectronicsandgobacktothestore.Typically，customersbringtheirrecyclableelectronicstoalocation.WhentheelectronicitemsaregatheredbytheEPA(typicallythisisdonebythePartners),theyarereusedorrecycled.Reuseditemsarerepairedandrefurbished,andpassedontoothersasacontribution.Youcanrepairorreconditionyourveryownelectronicdevicestoo,extendingthelifeoftheitemsandconservingtheenergyofmakingnewmaterials.Reusingelectronicdevicesincludesmakinguseoftheproductsandpatsoftheitems.Thesematerialsandpartsarethenmadeuseoftoproduceanotheritem.Thisismoreefficientthanmakingitemsfromnewmaterials.SomeitemsthatarecommonlyeCycledconsistoftelevisions,computermonitors,printers,notebookcomputer,keyboardsandcabletelevisions.Lessusualitemsincludecopyingmachines,CDplayers,voicemailmachines,computerharddrives,mobiletelephones,remotecontrols,radios,batteries,telephones,facsimilemachinesandcomputergames.Occasionally,electronicitemssuchasmicrowaves,fans,vacuums,smokealarms,andtoastersareeCycled.AstheeCyclingprogramcontinues,youoryourorganizationmaywanttogetinvolved.ChecktheEPA’sinternetsite()forregionaleCyclingprograms,orfordetailsonhowyourcompanycanparticipate.TheirwebsitehaslinkstoorganizationsthataretakingpartintheeCyclingprogram.5．TheEPAbroughtabout“Plug-IntoeCyclingPartners”to__________.A．makeandofferelectronicdevicestoconsumersB．makecustomersunderstandtheimportanceofeCyclingC．maketheprogramaccessibletolocalregionsandcommunitiesD．makeitpossibleforconsumerstoreusetheirusede-products6．ThePlug-InPartnersaremainlyengagedin__________.A．repairingelectronicdeviceB．gatheringrecyclableelectronicsC．reusingsecond-hande-productsD．offeringcustomersdifferentboxesforsale.7．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．PeoplecanselltheirreuseditemsontheInternet.B．Individualscan’ttakepartineCyclingprograms.C．DevicesofcomputersarewelleCycled.D．NoteveryelectronicitemcanbeeCycled.8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Tointroduceanewwaytosavecosts.B．Toteachcustomershowtorecycleelectronics.C．ToattractpeopletojoinintheeCyclingprograms.D．TocallonlocalgovernmentstosupportPlug-InPartners.（2021·北京海淀高一期中）Whatrolemightartsplayinresponsetoclimatechangeandrelatedeconomicandecologicalcrises?It’softensaidthatanovel,apainting,asongoramotionpicturechangedhowalotofpeoplethoughtorfeltabouttheworld.Anthropologists(人类学家)andhistoriansrightlyarguethatmajorchangesinsocietyhavesprungupnotfromthearts,butfrom-ourrelationshiptoourenvironment.Nevertheless,artists’effortshelpshapethetermsbywhichsocietyadaptstosuchchangesandtheirconsequences.ThinkofhowBeethovenmarkedthebeginningsofmoderndemocracyandthenascent(初期的)IndustrialRevolution.OrhowHollywoodwritersanddirectorsinspiredmassivesupportfortheU.S.wareffortduringtheearly1940s.WehavesteppedintoacenturyinwhichthesocietalsystemshavebeenbuiltsincethestartoftheIndustrialRevolution.Ourfoodsystem，transportsystem，energysystem，financialsystem，andpossiblyourpoliticalandgovernancesystemsweredesignedduringanerainwhichfossilfuelsmetthegreatquantityofourfast-growingenergydemand.Butfossilfuelsareexhaustibleresources,andtheirreductionwilldriveevermoredesperatemethodsofextraction(提炼),createevermoreenvironmentalriskandrequireevermorecapital-evenasalternativeenergysourcestheyarealsocostly.Further,burningfossilfuelschangesourplanet’sclimate.So,atthesametimeoureconomywillneedtoberedesignedtorunonentirelydifferentenergysources,andthenaturalworldwillbeshiftingaroundusinunprecedented(空前的)ways,withmorefrequentdisastrousstorms，floods，droughtsetc.Everythingwillbeupfornegotiation,redesignandchange.Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatetheresultingtumultuous(动荡的)humanexperienceintowords,images，andmusicthathelppeoplenotjusttounderstandtheseeventsmentally,butalsotocometogripswiththemwillingly.Theeconomicandenvironmentalshiftsdescribedabovearecurrentlybeingdetailedinever-greaterspecificityinhundredsofreportsreleasedyearlybyclimateandenergyexperts.What’smissingintheircarefullywordedjournalarticlesisthehumandimensionsofimagination,joyorsorrow,inspiration,andpassion.Artcanhelpuscopewiththepossibleeffectsofourcollectivechallenges.Itcanhelppreparesocietyforapossiblypainfulfuture.Itcangivevoicetosufferingandloss,helpingpeopledealwithlife’sunavoidablestress.Anditcanalsoofferbeauty,whichcanbeespeciallyimportantinhardtimes.Meaningfulartcanandmustexpressthechaosweencounterandhelpusprocessitmentallyandemotionally.Toachievethis,artistsneedtodigdeeper,observemorecloselyandhelptheiraudiencesconnectabstractexplanationsandforecastswithactualexperiences.9．TheauthormentionsBeethoventosuggestthat__________.A．musicianscaneasilyadapttochangesinsocietyB．musiccancontrolthesocialchangeoftheworldC．anthropologistsarerightaboutmajorchangesinsocietyD．artservesasabridgeforpeopletounderstandtheworld10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“cometogripswith”inParagraph4probablymean?A．starttocreate B．begintodealwithC．trytorecord D．takeaninterestin11．Accordingtotheauthor,theartists__________.A．areexpectedtoshowhumanexperienceinworksB．dealwiththeunpleasanteventswillinglyC．helppeopleforecastpainfulfutureD．arethevoiceofsufferingandloss12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ArtinGreaterNeedduringClimateChangeB．TheRelationshipBetweenSocietyandArtC．TheClimateCluesHiddeninAtHistoryD．TheBestWaystoChangetheWorld（2019·北京海淀高一期中）ItwasMay23,2016.Arnot,the32-year-oldmountainguide,reachedthetopofEverestwithouttheuseofoxygen(O2)equipment.Itwasachievedaftersevenyears,threepreviousattempts,andfourteenstraighthoursofclimbing.After15minutesatthetop,Arnotbeganherdescent(下坡).Eighthourslater,shereachedthecampat7,600metersandbecamethefirstAmericanwoman—andonlytheseventhwomanever—tosuccessfullyreachMountEverestwithoutoxygenequipment.“Therearesomanyreasonsforherimpressiveachievement,especiallythephysicalandemotionaleffortsthatshe’sputforthovertheyearstomakethishappen,”saystheprofessionalclimberandphotographerRichards,“Thementalcouragethatitrequiresissomethingveryfewpeoplehave.”Arnotdidn’tstartclimbinguntilshewas19yearsold.Moneywastightinherfamily,andclimbingmountainsneveroccurredinhermind.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Arnotwasinvitedbyherfriendtoclimbamountain.“Ittotallychangedmylife”,saysArnot.“Ialwaysknowthatifyouwantsomething,youcanachieveit,butknowingwhatyouwantisawholedifferentthing,”shesays.“Iamathleticbutnotcompetitive.Aftermyfirstclimbing,IknewimmediatelythatmountainsarewhatIwant—asthatiswhereIfelthomeforthefirsttimeinmylife.”Afterthatfirstclimb,shedevotedherselftolearninghowtoclimbandmovethroughmountain.ItwasduringhersecondtriptoEverestin2009thatshefirstsethersightsonano-oxygenattempt.However,whilehikingintoEverestBaseCampthatyear,shehurtherlegandwasn’tabletoclimbwithoutoxygen.In2013shenearlymadeittothetop,butwasforcedtotakeoxygenat8,504meterswhilehelpinganotherclimber.WhenArnotfinallystoodatopEverest,shecalledherbestfriend,“IreachedthetopandI’mnotusinganyoxygen.”Then,tearsbegantostreamdownfromhereyes.SomuchofArnot’slifehasbeenaboutpushingthelimitsofherabilities,andinthiscase,she’salsopushedupagainsttheouterlimitsofthehumanspirit.13．OnMay23,2016.Arnot________.A．spent8straighthoursclimbingB．stayedatthetopfor50minutesC．madeherfirstattempttoclimbEverestD．reachedthetopwithoutoxygenequipment14．Arnotfellinlovewithclimbingbecause_________.A．moneywasnolongeraproblemtoherB．mountainsgaveherthefeelingofcomfortC．shetriedtobemoreathleticandcompetitiveD．shewantedtobuildupherbodythroughclimbing15．WhatdoweknowaboutArnot’sclimbingexperience?A．Shetookupclimbingwhenshewas19yearsold.B．Shehasalwaysbeenagoodclimbersinceherchildhood.C．SheclimbedEverestwithherfamilyduringherfirsttrip.D．Shehurtherlegbadlywhilehelpinganotherclimberin2009.16．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArnot?A．Determinedandbrave. B．Cautiousandhonest.C．Caringandopen-minded. D．Confidentandcreative.（2019·北京海淀高一期中）Ifyou’reacyclinglover,youwillhavetopayalotofattentiontoyourbicycleandmaintainitwell,forbicyclepartsareexposedtowearandtear(磨损)overtimeandyouhavetoexaminethebicycletoseeifthereareanysignsofwearingsuchasscratches,dents(凹陷)etc.Sometimes,apartmaynotworkbecauseithasexceededitslifeexpectancy.Sometimes,youwillneedtofindreplacementpartsforittokeepuptheperformanceofthebicycle.Differentpartsofabicyclewillwearatdifferentratessoitisveryimportantthatyouhaveabasicunderstandingabouttheroleplayedbyeachpart.Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthebicycleistheframe.Youwillneedtochooseaframethatlastsforaverylongtime.Ofcourse,youwillseesomepaintscratchesaftersometime.Whenyou’reselectingaframe,youhavetothinkaboutthematerial.Aluminium(铝)frameswillnotrusteasily,buttheyhaveahigherchancetodent.Steelframeswillbehardtodent,butyouwillneedtomakesuretheygetagoodpaintjobsothattheywon’trust.Wheelsalsoexperiencealotofwearandtearandyoushouldgoforaprofessionalsellerwhenyouwanttobuywheels.Therearedifferenttypesofwheelsthatyoucanbuy,likeZippwheelsthatprovidemoreaerodynamicefficiency(空气动力学效能).Investinginnewtyresinsteadofgoingforusedisagoodideabecauseyouwillbeabletogetmoreuseoutofit.Thesamegoesforchainasthere’sahigherchanceofausedchainbreaking.Youmayalsoexperienceshiftingproblems.However,somepartsofbicyclessuchaspedalscanbeusedforalongtimeandyoucanfinddifferentstyles.Otherpartsthatyoucanbuyusedareseats,handlebarsandthestem.Whenyouarebuyinghandlebars,youhavetoseeifthereareanydentsoriftheyhavebeenbentoutofshape.Thereshouldn’tbeanycracksintheseatpostorthehandlebars.Therearemanyshopswhereyoucanbuyparts,soyouwillhavetocheckthereferencestoseehowcustomersrespondtothembeforeyoubuyanything.17．Accordingtothepassage,cyclingloversshould________.A．buyanewbicycletokeepuptheperformanceB．replacethebicyclepartswithsignsofwearingC．chooseAluminumframesratherthansteelonesD．learnhoweachpartofthebicyclebasicallyworks18．Whichpartsmaybereplacedbytheusedones?A．Wheelsandchains. B．Tyresandseats.C．Handlebarsandstems. D．Framesandpedals.19．Theunderlinedword“references”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“________”.A．materials B．pricesC．introductions D．comments20．Thispassageismostlikelytobefoundin________.A．aresearchreport B．apopularmagazineC．atouristguidebook D．aproductadvertisement（2019·北京海淀高一期中）Thedaywillcomewhenrenewableenergysuchaswind,solar,geothermalandothersreplacefossilfuelsasthemajorsourceofworldenergy.However,mostanalystsinsistthatthisdaywillnotarriveformanydecadestocome—certainlywellpastthemiddleofthecentury.Systemsoffossilfuelshavealreadybeenfirmlysetup,anditistoocostlyorimpracticaltoreplacetheexistingsystemswithrenewables.Buttherearegoodreasonstobelievethatthetransition(转变)torenewableswillcomemuchfasterthanpreviouslythought.Itishardlysurprisingthatmanyexpertssaywewillseearelativelyslowtransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewables,givenwhatisknownaboutpreviousenergychangesofthissort.“Energytransitionstakealongtime,”observedVaclavSmiloftheUniversityofManitobainScientificAmerican.Ittookmorethan50yearsforcoaltoreplacewoodastheworldsleadingsourceofenergyandanother50yearsforoiltoreplacecoal;thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnotlikelytocomeanyfaster.Underordinarycircumstances,Smil’sforecastwouldnodoubtproveaccurate.Butthesearenotordinarytimes.GrowingconcernoverclimatechangeisleadingtoincreasinglystrictcontrolsonCO2andothergreenhousegas(GHG)emissions(排放),whilethedevelopmentinrenewablestechnologyisloweringtheirpriceandspeedingtheirinstallation.Thereare,ofcourse,manydifficultiesintheeffectivecontrolofcarbonemissions,asdemonstratedbycoalcompaniestoblocktheintroductionofnewrulesbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Nevertheless,itisimpossibletodismisstheprogressbeingmadeatthelocalandinternationallevelstopromotetheuseofrenewables.TheEuropeanUnion(E.U.),forexample,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy.Thetransitiontorenewableswillbefasterduetodramaticimprovementsinthepricingandperformanceofsuchsystems.Asaresultofthesteadyincreasesintheefficiencyofwindandsolarsystems,togetherwiththesavingsachievedthroughlarge-scalemanufacture,thepriceofrenewablesisfallingglobally.Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnowprovingcompetitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas.Thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewableenergywillnotcomeovernight,anditwillnotescapemanysetbacks.Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century.21．VaclavSmilbelievesthat________.A．renewableenergiesarenotverypracticalB．thechangetorenewableswillcomeslowlyC．systemsoffossilfuelshavebeenfirmlysetupD．therearemanysetbacksofrenewableenergies22．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatEuropeanUnion________.A．hascutdownhalfofthecarbonemissionsB．hasfailedtofindawaytoreduceGHGemissionsC．istryingtheirbesttoencouragetheuseofrenewablesD．triestostoptheintroductionofnewrulesonrenewables23．Therenewablesaremorecompetitivebecauseof________.A．theirfallingprices B．thedeclineincoalindustryC．internationaltrade D．thenewrulesonCO2emission24．Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto________.A．callonpeopletouselessfossilfuelsB．giveadviceonhowtopromoterenewablesC．arguethattheenergytransitionwillcomesoonerD．provetherenewableswillbethemajorsourceofenergy（2018·北京海淀高一期中）PurposeoftheWolfpacketTheWolfpacketaimstoinformstudentsofcurrentandrelevanteventsandissues.Someitemsarepublishedonlytoentertainbutwillfollowtheguidelinesoftheeditorialpolicy.SincetheWolfpacketstaffmeetsregularly,publicationofthenewspaperservestoeducatebothreadersandstaffmembers.Thestafftriestobeaccurateandresponsible,andfollowssomeregulationsasdefinedbytheSocietyofProfessionalJournalists.ContentTheWolfpacketstaffdetermineswhatgoesintotheschoolpaperandreservestherighttochoosecontentanddeterminepriority(优先级)ofstories.AlthoughtheWolfpacketemphasizesschoolnews,italsocoverscommunity,state,national,andinternationalnewsthatthestaffthinksrelevanttostudents.Storiesareevaluatedfornewsvalue,entertainmentvalue,timeliness,andastudentangle.WhilemostWolfpacketarticleswillbewrittenbythestaff,weencourageotherstudents,administratorsandcommunitymemberstoconsidertheOpinionssectionoftheWolfpackettobeopenfordiscussion.Editorials(社论)Opinionsandeditorialsareclearlylabeledandseparatedfromnewsitems.Editorialsrepresentthemajorityopinionofthestaffandwillberunundertheheading"Editorial".Individualopinions,whichdonotnecessarilyrepresentstaffopinion,willbeclearlydistinguishedfromeditorials.Trivia(琐事)TheWolfpacketstaffisopposedtorunninggossipcolumns,suchasholidaymessages,AprilFool'sjokes,andpopularitysurveysbecausetheWolfpackettriestomaintainastandardofprofessionalisminthecontent.Wetrytoavoidanypossibleharmtostudentsandotherreaders,nomatterhowmuchentertainmentvaluethesefeaturesmightprovide.Time,PlaceandMannerofDistributionTheWolfpacketisdistributedfreeofchargeoncampus,exceptfortheHomecomingissue,whichisdistributedduringhalf-timeatthefootballgame.Additionalcopiesmaybeavailableinthelibraryandschooloffice.Copiesaremailedtosubscribers(订阅者)andadvertisersbythecirculationmanager.SubscriptionstotheWolpacketcost$20foroneyear.25．Accordingtothepassage,theWolfpackerismostlikely________.A．abookB．awebsiteC．anewspaperD．aTVprogram26．TheWolfpacketfocuseson________.A．schoolnewsB．communitynewsC．nationalnewsD．internationalnews27．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．thedevelopmentoftheWolfpackerB．thecontentoftheWalfpacketC．theinfluenceoftheWolfpacketD．theregulationsoftheWolfpacket（2018·北京海淀高一期中）OneBreathAwayOneday,Danieldecidedtofinishthelandscapingaroundadamabout50metersfromhishouse.He'dbeenmeaningtotidyupanoldrockgardenagainstthedamwall.However,whilehewasworking,thewallofthedamgavewayandtheexcavator(挖掘机)slidtowardthewater.Themanandthemachinecrashedandweretrappedintothemuddyfloorofthedam.Danielhadtocalmhimself.Beingasurferofmanyyears,heknewtheonlywaytosurviveinthewaterwastoslowdownandthinkrationally.Hepushedawaythepanicandbegantothink.Nooneelsewasonthesite,Heregrettedcancelingtheguywhowassupposedtocomeandmow(割草)thegrassthatday.Mostlikely,thefirstpeopletomisshimwouldbehisson'steacherswhenhedidn'tshowupforschoolpick-up.Theywouldn'tcometothehouse.Instead,theywouldjustsendhissontoafter-schoolcare,andthealarmwouldn'tberaiseduntilafter6p.m.anditwasnowjust11:30a.m."Ihavetostayaliveforsixormorehours".hethought.Hisoptionsweresimple—hecouldeitherfightordie.Therewasnothingelsehecoulddobutkeeppushinghimselfhighenoughtobreathe.Astimedraggedonandtheexcavatorcontinuedtoslowlysink,Danielfelttherealdangerwhenherememberedthatrainwasforecastthatday.Just20millimeterswouldbeenoughtokillhim.Hecouldfightforhours,butthereweresomethingsoverwhichhehadnocontrol.Daniel'searswerefullofwaterandmud.Hehadnoideawheretheneighborswereatthemoment,buthewouldhavetostartcallingforhelp.Attheverytime,Danielcollectedallthestrengthtopushhimselfhighenoughoutofthewatertoclearhismouthandyelledoutforseveraltimes."Help,help,help!"Exhausted,hestopped,burstingwithangerthatnoonecouldhearhim.Thenoutofthecornerofhiseye,hecaughtamovement.ItwasMel.Thereshewas,runningaroundthecornerwithherphoneinherhand.Thatwaswhenheknewhewasgoingtolive.Thenwithinfewminutes,thelocalrescueteamarrived.Danielwatchedthemastheyapproached—hesawthelookoftotaldisbeliefontheirfacesthathewasstillalive.28．WhatisthebiggestthreattoDanielssurvival?A．Themudandwater.B．Thecomingrain.C．Thebrokenmachine.D．Nohelperaround.29．WhichisthebestordertoshowDaniel’schangeofemotionwhentrappedinthemud?a.panicb.scaredc.relievedd.calme.angryA．a-d-b-e-cB．d-a-b-c-eC．a-b-d-e-cD．d-n-e-c-b30．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.B．Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D．Onefalsestepleadstoahugeloss.（2018·北京海淀高一期中）WhyPeopleDislikeReallySmartLeadersIntelligencemakesforbetterleaders—fromundergraduatestomanagerstopresidents—accordingtomultiplestudies.Itcertainlymakessensethathandlingamarketshiftoranythingalikerequireintelligence.Butnewresearchonleadershipsuggeststhat,atacertainpoint,havingahigherIQstopshelpingandstartshurting.Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatgroupswithsmarterleadersperformbetterbyobjectivemeasures,somestudieshavesuggestedthatfollowersmightsubjectivelyviewleaderswithextremelyhighintellectaslesseffective.Decadesago,DeanSimonton,apsychologistfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,proposedthatbrilliantleaders'wordsmaysimplygooverpeople'sheads,theirsolutionscouldbemorecomplicatedtocarryoutandfollowersmightfindithardertorelatetothem.NowSimontonandtwocolleagueshavefinallytestedthatidea,publishingtheirresultsintheJuly2017issueoftheJournalofAppliedPsychology.Theresearcherslookedat379maleandfemalebusinessleadersin30countriesacrossfieldsincludingbanking,retailandtechnology.ThemanagerstookIQtestsandeachwasrated(定级)onleadershipstyleandeffectivenessbyanaverageofeightco-workers.IQpositivelycorrelated(和…正相关)withratingsofleadereffectiveness,strategyformation,visionandseveralothercharacteristics—uptoapoint.TheratingspeakedatanIQofaround120,whichishigherthanroughly80percentofofficeworkers.Beyondthat,theratingsdeclined.Theresearcherssuggestthe"ideal"IQcouldbehigherorlowerinvariousfields,to140or100,dependingonwhethertechnicalorsocialskillsaremorevaluedinagivenworkculture."It'saninterestingandthoughtfulpaper,"saysPaulSackett,amanagementprofessoratUniversityofMinnesota,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch."Tome,therightinterpretationoftheworkwouldbethatithighlightsaneedtounderstandwhathigh-IQleadersdothatleadstolowerunderstandingbyfollowers,"hesays."Thewronginter