Unit4Exploringpoetry单词讲义高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第一册

UNIT4*barrenadj.贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的①(oflandorsoil土地或土壤)贫瘠的，不毛的abarrendesert/landscape不毛的沙漠/寸草不生的荒凉景色②(ofplantsortrees花草树木)不结果实的syn:infertilefrozenadj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的①(ofrivers,lakes,etc.河、湖等)结冰的，冰封的frozenwater结冰的水②(offood食物)冷冻的frozenpeas冷冻豌豆③(ofpeopleorpartsofthebody人或身体部分)冻僵的e.g.e.g.I'mabsolutelyfrozen!我简直冻僵了！④吓呆；惊呆befrozenwith/insth.因某事惊呆e.g.Shestaredathim,frozenwithshock.她惊呆了，直瞪着他。vsfreezingadj.极冷的；冰冻的freezingwater冰冷的水freezev.(使）结冰；冻住，冰冻e.g.Waterfreezesat0°C.水在0摄氏度时结冰。implyvt.含有...的意思，暗示，暗指imply(that)e.g.Areyouimplying(that)Iamwrong?你的意思是不是说我错了？e.g.Familiaritydoesnotnecessarilyimplydeepfriendship.熟悉未必意味着深厚的友情。implicationn.[C,U]暗示，言外之意byimplication言外之意e.g.Hegavealongaccountofhistroubles;byimplication,heneededfinancialaid.他讲述了他的烦恼；言外之意是他需要经济援助。dimensionn.方面，侧面；规模，程度；维①方面，侧面thesocialdimensionofunemployment失业的社会性层面themoraldimensionofworldpolitics世界政治的道德方面e.g.Thereisanotherdimensiontothisproblemwhichyouhaven’tconsidered.这个问题还有你尚未考虑到的另一方面。②规模，程度alargedimension大规模③维Timeissometimescalledthefourthdimension.时间有时被称为是第四维。dimensionaladj.维度的；空间的two-dimensionalspace二维空间graspn.理解,领会；抓紧,紧握,控制；能力所及①理解,领会haveagoodgraspof...……掌握得好e.g.HehasagoodgraspofGermangrammar.他德语语法掌握得很好。beyondone’sgrasp=beyondthegraspofsb.无法理解e.g.Thesecomplexformulasarebeyondthegraspoftheaveragepupil.这些复杂的公式是一般小学生不能理解的。②抓紧,紧握,控制e.g.Igrabbedhim,butheslippedfrommygrasp.我紧抓着他，可他还是从我手里溜掉了。③能力所及withinone’sgraspe.g.Successwaswithinhergrasp.她有把握获得成功。vt.抓紧；领会，理解①抓紧e.g.Kaygraspedhimbythewrist.凯紧紧抓住他的手腕。②领会，理解graspthebasicconcept/importanceof...掌握……的基本概念/理解……的重要性graspthechance/opportunitytodosth.抓住机会做某事e.g.Igraspedtheopportunitytoworkabroad.detectvt.发现，查明，侦察出detectthesecret/disease发现秘密/查出疾病detectsomeangerinhisvoice在他的声音中听出一些怒气detectiven.[C]侦探adj.侦探的detectorn.检测器；探测器；侦察器detectableadj.可检测的；可发觉的adetectablechange可察觉的变化detectionn.侦查，探测；发现escape/avoiddetection逃避侦查rhymen.[C]押韵词；[U]押韵apoemwritteninrhyme押韵的诗There’snorhymeorreasonto/forsth.=dosth.Withoutrhymeorreason毫无道理；无规律可循；莫名其妙vt.使押韵rhymeAwithB使A与B押韵vi.和...同韵ArhymewithB与……押韵complexadj.复杂的，难懂的syn:complicatedadj.复杂的；难懂的opp:simple--simplicityn.简单acomplexprocess/situation复杂的过程/情况thecomplexarchitecturalspace复杂的建筑空间n.[C]建筑群；复合体；情结anindustrialcomplex工业建筑群；sufferfromaguiltcomplex蒙受负罪感之苦complexityn.复杂性contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的contradictoryinformation/advice/attitudes相互矛盾的信息/建议/态度self-contradictoryadj.自相矛盾的contradictv.反驳；与……发生矛盾contradictionn.反驳；矛盾；矛盾的说法contradictoneself自相矛盾digup发现，搜集，查明digupclues挖掘线索digsth.out把某物挖出来digsth.over翻（地）；翻挖；刨（地）cluen.[C]线索，提示；迹象aclueto/about/asto关于……的线索/提示cagevt.把(动物)关在笼中e.g.Thedogsarecaged(up)atnight.晚上狗被关进笼里。n.[C]笼子abirdcage鸟笼cagedbirds/animals笼中鸟/兽e.g.Hepacedtheroomlikeacagedanimal.他像笼中的动物一样在房间里踱来踱去。*trilln.(鸟的)啼啭；颤音vt.欢快地高声说vi.发颤音e.g.“Howwonderful!”shetrilled.“太妙了！”她高兴地喊道。interpretvt.解释,阐释；把...理解为,领会；演绎①解释,阐释interpretthepoem诠释那首诗②把...理解为,领会e.g.Ididn'tknowwhethertointerprethersilenceasacceptanceorrefusal.我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。③演绎（按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色）e.g.Heinterpretedtherolewithalotofhumour.他把这个角色演得十分幽默。vi.口译interpretfor为……做翻译interpretern.口译译员interpretationn.理解；解释；说明patiencen.[U]耐心，忍耐力havethepatiencetodosth.有耐心做某事havelittle/nopatiencewith不能容忍…require/takepatience需要耐心lose/runoutofpatience(withsb.)（对某人）失去耐心dosth.withpatience(=patiently)耐心地patientadj.耐心的n.[C]病人bepatientwith对……有耐心impatientadj.不耐烦的beimpatientwith对……不耐烦impatiencen.[U]不耐烦asideadv.到旁边,在旁边；留,存；除...以外setsthaside①把...放一边；②留出，省出（钱或时间）；③暂时不考试（或放一放）(set-set-set-setting)setasidesometimeforexercise留出点时间来进行锻炼putaside不考虑；储存layaside把……放在一边；留存备用leaveaside搁置一边；不考虑standaside站在一边；不参与remoteadj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的（remoter-remotest）①（地点）偏远的，偏僻的aremotevillage偏远的村庄②（时间）遥远的，久远的intheremotepast/future在遥远的过去/将来③（亲戚）远亲的aremotecousin远房表亲rewardvt.奖励，奖赏rewardsb.withsth.for(doing)sth.因（做）某事而用某物奖励某人n.奖励，回报；悬赏金givearewardtosb.forsth.因某事而给某人奖励inreward作为回报inrewardfor作为对……的报答vsaward侧重表彰、授予、颁发reward侧重回报、奖赏、酬谢rewardingadj.值得做的，有益的；报酬高的（syn:profitable)constantlyadv.始终，一直e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。constantadj.不断的；重复的；不变的n.常数；常量aconstantfriend忠实的朋友constantpressure恒压logicaladj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的alogicalargument/conclusion合乎逻辑的论点/合理的结论logicalthinking逻辑思维themostlogicalsolutiontotheproblem该问题最合理的解决办法logicallyadv.合逻辑地；合情理地logicn.[U]思维方式；解释方法；逻辑inneradj.内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的opp:outeradj.远离中心的；外围的①内心的，隐藏的one’sinnerthoughts某人的内心想法theinnerbeauty内在美②里面的，内部的theinnerear内耳innerLondon伦敦的市中心区perceivevt.注意到,意识到；将...理解为,将...视为①注意到,意识到perceivethat...意识到/察觉到perceiveachangeinone’sbehaviour/mood注意到某人举止/情绪的变化sb.beperceivedtodosth.某人被发现做了某事e.g.Thepstientwasperceived(have)difficultyinbreathing.②将...理解为,将...视为perceive...as/tobe将……看成/理解为……e.g.Thediscoveryofqinghaosuwasperceivedasamajorbreakthrough.青蒿素的发现被视为一项重大突破。perceptionn.[U]知觉，感知；[U]洞察力，悟性（syn:insight）ourperceptionofreality我们对现实的认识realityn.现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历①[U]现实，实际情况inreality事实上，实际上face/acceptreality面对/接受现实escapefromreality逃避现实bring...backtoreality使…面对现实②[C]事实，实际经历becomeareality/makesth.areality成为现实realadj.真实的，实际存在的reallyadv.事实上，真正地，真实地realizev.实现，将…变为现实；认识到，意识到mistn.[U,C]薄雾，水汽thickmist浓雾novelistn.[C]小说家noveln.[C]（长篇）小说；adj.新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的breakwithsth.与某事终止关联，破除breakwitholdhabits/thepast摒弃旧习惯/过去breakup打碎；分裂；（关系）破裂；（会议或聚会）结束，散会；（团体）解散breakinto强行闯入（及物短语动词）breakin（不及物短语动词）breakthrough突破breakout（战争、火灾、疾病等）突然发生，爆发breakoff中断；折断breakawayfrom脱离；逃脱idealn.[C]理想；典范politicalideals政治理想adj.完美的，理想的anidealopportunity/university绝好的机会/理想的大学farfromideal很不理想vsidean.[C]想法；构思；主意ideallyadv.完美地，理想地idealizevt.将…视为理想；将…理想化rigidadj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的rigidrules/beliefs/attitudes/requirements死板的条规/信念/固执的态度/严格的要求undergovt.经历，经受(underwent-undergone)undergosurgery/trials进行手术/经受考验undergotransformation蜕变industrializationn.工业化therapidindustrializationofChina中国的快速工业化industrializev.使工业化industrialadj.工业的industrialdevelopment/pollution/revolution工业发展/污染/革命industryn.工业；产业advocatevt.拥护，支持，提倡advocatefreecompetition/trade主张自由竞争/贸易advocatedoingsth主张做某事（其后不可跟不定式）Itisadvocatedthat...(should)do...主张……n.拥护者，支持者；辩护律师anadvocateforhospitalworkers医院工作人员的支持者beliefn.看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心beyondbelief令人难以置信havebeliefin对……由信心hold/have/sharethebeliefthat相信/都认为……（that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容）Itisone’sbeliefthat...=one’sbeliefisthat...某人认为disbeliefn.不信，怀疑believev.相信believableadj.可相信的；可信任的unbelievableadj.难以置信的eran.[C]时代，年代theVictorian/modern/post-warera维多利亚/当今/战后时代districtn.区，行政区；地区，区域thebusinessdistrict商业区*divergevi.分叉，岔开；分歧，相异；偏离①分叉，岔开e.g.Wewentthroughschoolandcollegetogether,butthenourpathsdiverged.分道扬镳②(ofopinions,views,etc.意见、观点等)分歧；相异e.g.Opinionsdivergegreatlyonthisissue.在这个问题上意见分歧很大。③偏离e.g.Hedivergedfromestablishedprocedure.他违背了既定程序。bendvi.&vt.(使)拐弯，弯曲（bent-bent）bendone'sknees/head膝盖弯曲/低下头e.g.Theroadbentsharplytotheright.路向右急转弯bendthetruth歪曲事实bendone’sefforts/mindtosth.集中全力于某事，专心致志于某事bebentonsth./doingsth.决心要做某事（通常指坏事）n.[C]拐弯，弯道asharpbendintheroad道路的急拐弯claimn.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔①[C]声明，宣称makeaclaim(that...)声称……②[C,U]所有权havenoclaimon/tosth.对……有所有权e.g.Theyhadnoclaimontheland.他们无权索要那块土地。③[C]（尤指向公司、政府等）索赔aclaimfor￡2000要求2000英镑的索赔vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得①宣称，声称claimthat...声称……Itisclaimedthat...有人声称……；据说……claimtodosth.声称做某事claimtohavedonesth.声称做过某事②要求；索取e.g.Alotoflostpropertyisneverclaimed.许多失物从未被认领。③获得e.g.Heclaimedtherecordin54.64seconds.他创造了54.64秒的纪录。*treadvi.&vt.踩,踏；踩碎,践踏；行走,步行(trod-trodden)Ouch!Youtrodonmytoe!哎哟！你踩着我的脚指头了！*sighn.&vi.叹气，叹息breathe/letoutasighofrelief松了一口气e.g.Shesighedwithrelief.她轻松地舒了一口气。henceadv.因此，由此syn:thus;thereforee.g.Itisverylate;henceyoumustgotobed.时间已经很晚了，因此你必须去睡觉。darevi.&vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)①敢于，胆敢（通常不用于进行时）作情态动词（多用于否定句/疑问句）：daredodarenot(daren't)doe.g.Idaren'tgohome.我不敢回家作实义动词：dare(to)dodon'tdare(to)doe.g.Hedidn'tdare(to)saywhathethought.他不敢说出他的想法。②激(某人做某事)e.g.Goon!Takeit!Idareyou.来呀！接受吧！我谅你也不敢。*dwellern.[C]居民，居住者strikingadj.引人注目的，显着的；妩媚动人的，标致的①引人注目的，显着的astrikingfeature显着的特征astrikingcontrastbetweenwealthandpoverty显着的贫富差异②妩媚动人的，标致的astrikingwomanstrikinglyadv.非常，极其，惊人地strikev.(struck-struck)打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象；（灾难或疾病）侵袭，爆发；敲（钟）；划（火柴）bestruckbythelightning被闪电击中sth.strike(s)sb./Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想到strikesb.+介词+the+身体部位击打某人的……strikethehour整点报时strikeamatch划火柴characterizevt.是...的特征，以...为典型；使...具有特点；描述，刻画①是...的特征，以...为典型therollinghillsthatcharacterizethispartofEngland成为英格兰这一地区特征的绵延起伏的丘陵地②使...具有特点e.g.Thiselectioncampaignhasbeencharacterizedbyviolence.这次竞选运动以暴力为特征。③描述，刻画characterizesb/sthas(being)sth.把……描绘成……e.g.Thegroupwascharacterizedasbeingwell-educated.该群体被描绘成受过良好教育。e.g.Bothcompanieshavecharacterizedtherelationshipasfriendly.两家公司都认为彼此的关系是友好的。charactern.[C]人物，角色；[C]性格（常用单数）；[U]特色；[C]文字，字母，符号acartooncharacterhaveastrong/weakcharacter个性强/不强Chinesecharacters汉字thecharacteroftheschoolConfucianismn.儒家，儒学，孔子学说*Taoismn.道教，道家*legendn.[C,U]传说，传奇故事；[C]传奇人物thelegendofRobinHood罗宾汉的传奇故事ajazzlegend爵士乐传奇人物legendaryadj.大名鼎鼎的；传说中的alegendaryfigure大名鼎鼎的人物legendaryheroes传说中的英雄encountervt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到①偶然碰到，意外地遇见syn:comeacrosse.g.Shewasthemostremarkablewomanhehadeverencountered.②遭遇，碰到（尤指令人不快或困难的事）syn:runinto;meetwithe.g.Weencounteredanumberofdifficulties.n.[C]相遇，遭遇，冲突haveanencounterwith与……相遇*nourishvt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养①培养，助长（情绪、观点等）e.g.Byinvestingineducation,wenourishthetalentsofourchildren.②抚养，滋养e.g.Allthechildrenwerewellnourishedandingoodphysicalcondition.numerousadj.众多的，许多的e.g.Hehasbeenlateonnumerousoccasions.他已经迟到过无数次了*gloriousadj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的agloriousvictory辉煌的胜利aglorioussunset瑰丽的晚霞ingloriousadj.令人羞愧的；可耻的；不光彩的gloryn.[U]光荣，荣誉；[C]辉煌的成就，值得骄傲的事wingloryfor为……赢得荣誉past/formerglory昔日的荣耀*boomn.[C](贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣aneconomicboom经济繁荣/商业繁荣vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛e.g.withthetouristtrade(boom),theresidentsofthisareaarepayingmoreattentiontotheprotectionofnature.stabilityn.[U]稳定(性)，稳定(性)beeagerforstability渴望稳定political/economic/social/emotional/financialstability政治/经济/社会/情绪/金融稳定stableadj.稳定的，牢固的；（人）稳重的stablyadv.稳定地astablerelationship稳定的关系e.g.Mentally,sheisnotverystable.她的心理状态不十分稳定。tolerantadj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐...的atolerantsociety一个宽容的社会betolerantof/towardssb./sth.对……忍受的/容忍的/宽容的e.g.Hehasaverytolerantattitudetowardsotherreligions.他对其他宗教持非常包容的态度。betolerantofsth.(ofplants,animalsormachines植物、动物或机器)能耐……的；能在困难条件下生存（或操作）的e.g.Theplantsaretolerantoffrost.这些植物耐霜。intolerantadj.不容忍的，褊狭的，不容异说的；（对食物、药物等）过敏，不耐的tolerancen.①忍受；容忍；宽容；宽恕havetoleranceof/for对……宽容/容忍②忍耐力；忍受性；耐力；耐量thetoleranceto对…的忍耐力e.g.Shehadnotoleranceforjokesofanykind.她容不得开任何玩笑。tolerancetocold耐寒力toleratevt.忍受，容忍，包容=putupwith=stand=bear；（对药物）有耐受性；能经受（困难条件）e.g.Thereisalimittowhatonepersoncantolerate.一个人的容忍是有限度的。libertyn.自由politicalliberty政治自由havelibertytodosth.可随意做某事atliberty自由；不再受监禁*unconstrainedadj.不受约束的，自由的unconstrainedambition无约束的野心constrainedadj.不自然的；强迫的；过于受约束的aconstrainedsmile不自然的微笑constrainedemotions受压抑的情感constrainvt.限制；限定；约束sb.beconstrainedfromdoingsth.某人被迫做某事vitalityn.[U]生命力，活力，热情e.g.Withoutcontinuedlearning,graduateswilllosetheirintellectualvitality.vitaladj.生气勃勃的，充满生机的，热情洋溢的；对…极重要的distinguishvt.&vi.成为...的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众①成为...的特征，使有别于distinguishAfromBe.g.Themalebirdisdistinguishedfromthefemalebyitsredbeak.②区分，辨别distinguishAfromB使A有别于B；区分A与Bdistinguish(between)AandB区别/区分A与Be.g.Itwashardtodistinguishonetwinfromtheother.很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。③认出syn:makeoute.g.Icouldnotdistinguishherwords,butshesoundedanxious.我听不清她说的话，但听得出她很紧张。④使出众distinguishoneself(assth.)显扬自己；表现突出e.g.Shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasanathlete.distinguishedadj.卓越的，着名的bedistinguished/famous/well-knownfor因…而着称bedistinguishedas作为…而出名distinguishableadj.可区分的；隐约可辨的*exaggerationn.[usuallysing,U]夸张，夸大aslight/wildexaggeration有点/胡乱的夸张其他常见的修辞手法：metaphor隐喻simile明喻personification拟人parallelism排比exaggeratev.夸张；夸大；言过其实e.g.Hetendstoexaggeratethedifficulties.他往往夸大困难。*metaphorn.暗喻，隐喻representativeadj.典型的，有代表性的berepresentativeof代表……的n.[C]典型人物，代表性人物；代表arepresentativeoftheUN联合国代表representv.代表；展示；描述represent...as...把……描述成……representationn.描述，表现；代表e.g.Thecompetitionattractedover500contestants(represent)from8differentcountries.frostn.[U]霜；[C,U]霜冻，严寒天气can’tstandfrost经不住霜冻frostyadj.结霜的，严寒的；冷淡的afrostymorning一个严寒的早晨thefrostyrelationship冷淡的关系castvt.投射；向...投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色(cast-cast)①投射castashadowover/on投下一片阴影，给……蒙上阴影e.g.Thesadnewscastashadowovertheproceedings.②向...投以(视线、笑容等)e.g.Shecastawelcomingsmileinhisdirection.她向他微笑以示欢迎。③投，抛e.g.ThepricelesstreasureshadbeencastintotheNile.价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。④选派角色castsb.(assb.)e.g.Hehascastherasanambitiouslawyerinhislatestmovie.castaway扔掉，丢弃，抛弃castoff解缆，摆脱，抛弃n.（集体可数名词）全体演员；[C]投，抛e.g.Thewholecastperforms/performbrilliantly.owevt.欠(情)；欠(债)owesth.tosb.=owesb.sth.欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人owe$500tohisbrother欠他兄弟500美元oweone’ssuccesstohermother把成功归功于她的妈妈owesb.