2023年全国职称英语考试真题及答案卫生类B级

２023年全国职称英语考试真题及答案卫生类(Ｂ级）第１部分:词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近选项。1．Ｉenjｏyedtheplay-ｉthadacｌeveｒplotandvｅrｙｆunnydialogueｓ．A．boringB．hｕmorouｓC.ｏriｇｉnalＤ．ｌong2.Intheproｃess,theｌighｔenｅrgｙｃonveｒtstoｈｅａtenergy.Ａ.ｒｅducesB.dropsC．lｅavesD．cｈaｎges3．Ｐａtriciastaredattｈeoｔhｅrgirｌｓwiｔhｒesentmenｔ.A.doubtB.sｕｒpriseＣ.ｌoveD．aｎｇer4.Ｔｈethｉｅfｗasｆinallycapｔｕreｄtwomilesawayｆromtheｖｉｌlaｇe.Ａ．kiｌledB．cａuｇhtC．foundD．jａileｄ5.Suｃhadatabasewouｌｄbｅexｔremeｌycostlytosｅｔｕp.A.destroｙＢ．trａnsfｅｒC.updatｅＤ.establｉｓh6．Ifwｅleaｖenoｗ，wｅｓhouldmissthethetrａffｉc.A．avoidB.mixC．stopD．direct7．He'sspentyeａrsｃｕｌtｉvatiｎgakｎowlｅｄｇｅoｆａrt.Ａ.uｓingＢ．denｙingC．sｈａｒiｎgＤ．dｅvelｏpｉng８．Ｔheｔwoｂaｎkshａｖｅanｎoｕｎcedplaｎstｏmeｒgenextyeａr.A.closeB．sellC．combiｎeD．break９.Ｍanyｃｉｔiｅshaverestriｃtedsmｏkinginpublicｐlａceｓ．A．allowedB．keptC．liｍiteｄD.ｓｔopped１０.1wanttoprｏvideｍyｂoyｓwithａdecｅｎtｅｄuｃａtioｎ.A.ｓpeciａｌB.genｅｒａlC.privatｅD.goｏｄ11．WhatａremycｈaｎｃesofpromoｔionifIｓtayhｅre?A.ａｄvertｉseｍenｔB.rｅplaceｍｅnｔC．advanceｍenｔD.retiｒemｅnt12.We'vｅseeｎａｍarkedshiftiｎoｕraｐproａｃｈtothesocｉaｌiｓｓues.A.reｇuｌarB．clｅaｒＣ.quｉckD.grｅat13.Herfatherwａsaqｕieｔmａnwiｔhｇrａceｆulmanners.Ａ.simiｌarＢ．badC．poｌｉｔeD.ｕｓuａl1４.Theｒewaｓapｒofounｄｓilｅncｅafｔerhiｓｒemaｒk.A．ｓhｏrtB.suｄｄｅｎC.deeｐD．proｕd１5．ThedocumentwasｃｏｍｐiｌedｅdｂythｅDeparｔｍentofＨｅaｌｔh.A.priｎtedB.ｓenｔC．writtenD.attaｃｈｅd第2部分:阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:假如该句提供的是对的信息，请选择A；假如该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。BｒeaｓtCanｃerＤeatｈsRｅcｏrdＬowTｈｅnumbｅrofwoｍｅｎdyingｆroｍbrｅastcanceｒhasfallentoａｒｅcordｌowｂｙdroｐpingundｅｒ1２,０00aｙeａrfoｒtｈefｉrsttimesｉnｃeｒecordsｂegan.ＴheＣaｎｃeｒReｓearｃhＵKdatashoｗeｄtｈａt11,990wｏmendiediｎtｈeUKiｎ2023．Theprｅｖｉouslｏｗeｓｔfigｕreｈaｄｂeenrｅｃordｅdｉn1９71-theｙearｒecordsbegan-aftｅｒｗhicｈｉtroｓｅsteadilyyearbｙｙeａruntilthelaｔe1980s．ＰrofｅｓｓorPｅｔｅrJohnsｏｎ,ＣａｎcerRｅsearchUK'ｓｃhｉefcliniciａn,saiｄ,Iｔ'sinｃredｉｂｌyenｃｏｕrａ-gingtoｓeｅfewerwoｍｅnｄｙingfｒｏmbｒｅastｃancernowthaｎatanyｔｉmeintｈelasｔ40years，dｅsｐitebｒeａstcancerｂｅingdiagnoｓｅdmｏreoｆteｎ．Researchｈasplａyeｄacrｕcialroleinthispｒogresｓleaｄingtoimprovedtreaｔmｅnｔsandbettermanagｅmentforｗomenwitｈthｅdiseａse."TheinｔｒｏductionoftheＮHＳ(国民保健制度）ｂreastｓｃreenｉngprogrａｍｈaｓalｓocontributedasｗomｅｎaremorelｉｋelytｏｓuｒvivetｈeｅａrlｉercanceｒisdｉagnoｓed."BrｅaｓtｃanceriｓｎowthemostｃomｍoncancerinｔｈeUKwiｔｈ45,５0０womeneveryyｅardiagnosｅｄwｉｔｈtｈediseａｓe-a５0%risｅin25yｅars.Ｔhｅnumbｅrofdeathsｐeaｋedｉn１9８９,when1５，６25ｗｏmｅndied.Iｔtｈeｎfellbｙbetween2０0aｎd400ｄｅａthｓeaｃｈｙearuntiｌ２0２３.Ｔｈerｅｗａsasｌighｔrisｅin2023ａｎdthenｔwｏvｅaｒsoffalls.ＤrSaｒaｈCaｎｔ,ｐolicyｍaｎaｇeratBreakthroｕghBreaｓtＣancer,said，＂Itｉsｇreatnewsthatｆｅwerwoｍenａｒedyinｇfrｏmbreastｃａncerandhｉgｈliｇｈtstheimpactｏfiｍproveｄｔrｅatｍentｓ，brｅastscｒeｅningandawarenｅssoftｈedisｅase.＂Howeｖer,thisｉsｓtillｔoomaｎyｗomｅｎanｄinｃidence（发生率)ofｔｈedｉｓeaseｉsincreasingyearbyyeａr．"Ｔｈerｉsiｎgｒａteofbreａstcaｎｃeｒdｉaｇｎosｉshasbeｅnputdowntoａvaｒiｅtｙｏffaｃｔoｒsｉncｌudｉnｇobeｓity（肥胖)andalcoholcoｎsumptiｏn.16.11,99０womendieｄfromｂｒeastcaｎcerinｔhｅＵＫiｎ２0２3.A.ＲightB.WrｏnｇC.Ｎｏｔmｅnｔiｏneｄ１7.BreastcaｎｃerdeａtｈsbｅgａnｔｏbereｃｏrdｅdiｎthｅUKin１971．A.ＲｉghtB.WｒoｎgC．Notｍentioned18.TherａtｅoｆbrｅastcanceｒｄiａgnosisｉnthｅUKhasbeendropｐinｇ.A．ＲightＢ．WｒongＣ.Notmentionｅｄ１9.Ｂｒeａstcaｎｃｅrcaｎｃomeｂack10yｅａrｓaｆteryouwerefｉrstｄiagnosｅｄ.A．RightB.WrongC.Notｍｅntiｏneｄ2０.BreaｓｔcanceriｓmoｒmonｉntheUＫｔhaｎiｎｍanyothercountｒｉes．A.RｉghtB.WronｇC.Notmentｉonｅd21.FｅwerwomeｎｄｉeｄfrｏmbrｅaｓtcanｃerｉntheUＫin２0２3tｈanin2023.A.RigｈtB．WronｇC.Nｏtmｅntioned2２.Ｏbesitｙａndalcｏholconsumptｉonmayalsｏleadtosomeoｔherdiseases.A.RigｈtＢ.WrｏnｇC.Noｔｍeｎtionｅd笫3部分:概括大意与完毕句子【第2３~30题，每题１分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(１)第2３-２6题规定从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2)第27-30题规定从所给的6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。Pａrkinson＇sDiｓease１Pａrkinsoｎ'sdｉsｅaｓeafｆectsthewａyyｏuｍove.Ithaｐpenｓwheｎｔhereisapｒoblｅｍｗitｈcｅrtａｉnnerｖｅcellsiｎtｈebraｉｎ．Norｍallｙ，theｓeneｒveceｌlsmａkeanimpoｒtaｎtcｈemiｃａｌcalleddopamine.Dopamineｓendssiｇnaｌstｏthｅpａｒtofyoｕｒbrainthａtcｏntrolsmｏｖement.Itletsyｏｕrmusclｅｓｍovesmoothlyａｎdｄowhａｔｙouｗaｎｔtｈemｔodｏ．WｈenyouhavｅＰarkｉnｓｏn＇s，theseｎｅｒｖecellsbreａkｄown.Thｅnｙounｏlongerhaveｅnｏughｄopamｉne，ａｎdyｏuｈavetrｏuｂｌemovinｇthewayｙouwａnttｏ．2Nooｎeknowsforsurｅwhaｔmakesthesｅneｒvｅcelｌsｂreakdown.Butsｃientistｓaｒedoingaｌotofｒｅsearcｈtｏｌｏｏkfortheａnｓwer.Ｔｈｅyaｒestudyingｍａnｙｐoｓsibleｃauｓes,inｃｌudingａgingandpoｉsｏnsiｎtheenviｒonment.ＡbnormａlgenessｅemtoleａｄtｏPａrkinｓoｎ＇sｄｉseａseinｓoｍepeoplｅ.Butsofar,theｒeｉｓnｏtenoughprooｆtoshowthatitisａlwaysiｎhｅｒiｔed.3'ｒrｅmorｍaybetｈefirstsymptomyounｏtｉce.Itisoneofｔhｅmostcｏmmｏnsｉgnｓofthediｓeaｓe,althoｕghnｏtｅveryonehasｉｔ．Ｍoｒeimporｔantlｙ,ｎoteｖeryｏｎewiｔｈatreｍｏrhasＰarkinsoｎ'ｓdiｓeasｅ.Ｔreｍoroｆtenｓtarｔsinｊustoｎearmorｌeｇｏｒoｎｌyｏnonesｉdｅoftheｂｏｄy.Ｉtmａｙbeworseｗhenyｏuａreａwakebutnotmovingtｈeaffｅｃtedａrmorleg.Itmaygetbettｅｒwｈeｎyoumovｅtｈelimｂorｙｏuareasleep.Iｎtimｅ,Pａｒｋｉnsｏn'saffectsmusｃlｅsallthｒouｇhyouｒｂodｙ,soitcanleaｄtoproｂlｅｍsｌｉkeｔrｏubｌeswalloｗingorconsｔipａtｉｏn.Ｉnｔhelateｒstaｇeｓofthｅdｉseaｓｅ,ａpersｏｎwithPａrｋｉnｓon'ｓmayhavｅafixeｄｏrblankeｘｐression,tｒoublespeaking,anｄotherpｒｏblｅｍｓ.Sｏｍepeopｌeaｌsohaveaｄｅcreaseinmｅntaｌskills(ｄｅmenｔia).4Ａtthiｓtｉme，tｈereisnocureｆorPａrkiｎson'sdiｓeａse.Buｔthereareｓeverａｌtypeｓofmeｄicinesｔｈatcanｃonｔrolｔhesymptomsaｎdmaｋｅthediｓeaｓｅeasiｅｒｔolｉvewiｔh.Youmａyｎoteｖenｎeedtｒeatmｅｎｔiｆyoursymptomｓareｍｉld．Youｒdoｃtormａywaittopreｓcribeｍediｃiｎesuntilyｏuｒｓymｐtoｍsstａｒttogeｔinthewayofｙouｒdailｙlife.Ｙoｕrdｏctorwilｌadjuｓtyourmediｃｉｎesasｙｏursｙmｐｔomｓgｅtwoｒｓe.Ｙｏumayneedtｏtakｅｓevｅralｍeｄicinestogｅtthebｅstｒeｓults.２3．ParagrapｈI_＿_____＿_____．２4.Paｒagrapｈ2_＿_________＿_.２５.Paragraｐh3＿__＿_＿__＿___＿.2６．Paraｇｒapｈ4_＿＿_＿＿＿＿_＿___.A．TipｓforＰａtiｅntswｉththｅDisｅａｓｅB.CommｏｎTｒeatmentfoｒtheDiseaｓｅC.MｅａｎsofDiagnosisoftｈeDｉsｅａsｅＤ.TypicaｌSyｍptoｍsoｆtheＤiseaseＥ.ＰossｉbleCaｕsesoftｈeＤｉsｅaseF．DefinitｉonｏfParkinson'sDiseasｅ２7．You'IIfｉndiｔhaｒdtｏｍoｖｅthewayyouwａnttｏ＿_______＿_＿_＿.28.Aｌotofreｓｅarchｉsbeingdonｅtofiｎdoｕ_____＿＿______t．２9.OnｅofthemｏstcｏmｍonsignsofParkinｓon'sistｒeｍor__＿__＿_＿_＿_＿_．30.ApersｏnｗｉthParkｉnsｏn'shasｔｏlearntｏlｉｖewithｔhｅdｉsease,____＿____＿＿＿＿.A.ifthｅreiｓn'tenｏughｄopaｍinｅmyｏurbodyB.whaｔaｆfeｃｔsmuscleｓalltｈｒoughyourbodyＣ.whｉcｈcannｏtbeｃuredyｅtＤ．ｉfyouｈaveafixeｄorbｌankeｘprｅｓｓioｎE．ｗhichmaｙbethefirstsymptomyｏｕnoticｅF.whaｔcausesParkinsｏn'sdiseａｓｅ第4部分:阅读理解(第３1~45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文有５道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定１个最佳选项。第一篇HｕmanHeartCanMaｋeＮewＣelｌsSoｌvｉnｇａlonｇstanｄinｇmystｅｒy,ｓｃｉentistshavｅfouｎdtｈaｔｔheｈumaｎheａｒtcoｎｔinuestogｅnerateｎeｗcaｒdiaｃceｌlstｈrouｇｈouttheｌｉfｅspａn,althouｇｈtherateoｆnewｃelｌprodｕｃｔionｓｌowswｉthａgｅ.Ｔhｅfindiｎg,ｐublishｅｄinｔhｅAｐril3iｓsueoｆScieｎcｅ,couldopenaｎeｗpathｆorｔhｅtrｅaｔｍentofheａrｔdiseａseｓｓuchaｓhｅａrtfailuｒeandhｅaｒtattaｃｋ,eｘｐerｔｓsay．＂Ｗeｆｉndthａｔtｈebeaｔinｇcellsinthｅhｅａrt,cardｉomyｏcyｔeｓ,aｒerenewed，"saidleadｒesｅarcherDr.JonasFrｉsｅn,ａprｏfｅssorｏｆsｔｅｍcelｌreseａrchａｔtheKarｏlinｓｋaＩｎstiｔuteiｎStoｃｋhｏｌm,Sweden."Ｉthａsｐｒｅviouslynoｔbeeｎｋnoｗnwｈetherwewｅrelimitedｔoｔｈeｃａrdｉoｍyocyteｓwｅａrebｏmwitｈorｉftheyｃoulｄｂｅｒeｎｅweｄ."hesaｉｄ.Tｈeprocessofreｎewingthｅsｅｃeｌｌｓcｈangesｏvertimｅ,Frｉseｎaddｅd.Ina20-year－olｄ,aｂout1percentofcａrｄiomyｏcｙｔｅｓaｒeexchanｇedeａchｙear，bｕｔtheturnoｖerratedecreaｓeｓwｉｔhaｇetｏｏｎly０.４5perｃeｎtbyaｇe75．"Ifwecanundｅrstａｎdhowtｈeｇenｅrationoｆnewcaｒdiｏmｙｏcｙtesisreｇｕｌaｔed,ｉtmaybepotentiallyposｓｉｂletｏdeｖeloppｈarmａceuticalstｈａtprｏmｏtethiｓprocesstoｓtimｕlateregeｎeｒationａｆterfｏｒexaｍpｌe,aheartattack,"Frｉseｎsaid.Thａｔcoｕldｌeadtotrｅatmentthathelpsｒesｔorｅdａmageｄhｅarts.＂Ａｌｏｔofpeopleｓufｆerｆromchronｉcheaｒtｆailure,"notedco-authｏｒDr．RａｔanBhａrｄwａj.RａtanBｈardwaｊ，alsｏfrｏmtheKarｏlｉnsｋaＩｎstitｕtｅ.＂Ｃhronichｅarｔfailurｅariｓeｓfromhｅartcellsdｙing,"ｈesaid.Ｗｉththｉsfindｉnｇ,scｉenｔｉｓｔｓａre＂oｐeｎingｔｈｅdoortopotentｉａltheraｐｉesｔohaviｎgoｕrselvｅshealoｕrselvｅs,"Ｂhａｒｄｗajsaid."Maybeｏneｃoulddｅvｉｓeａphaｒmacｅutｉｃaｌａｇentthａｔwouｌdｍaｋｅheａrtceｌlsｍakｅnewandmorecｅｌlstoovercometｈeｐroblemtheｙareｆaciｎg.＂Butbarriersreｍａiｎ.AｃｃorｄingtｏＢhaｒdｗａj,sｃientisｔsdoｎotyｅtｋｎowhｏｗtoｉncreasｅheａrｔｄｕｃtioｎtoarａtethaｔwouldreplaｃeceｌlｓfａsｔｅｒthantheyareｄｙｉnｇoｆｆ,eｓpeciaｌlyｉnoldｅrpatiｅntｓｗitｈhｅarｔｆaｉｌｕｒe.Inaddｉtiｏｎ，tｈｅnumｂeroｆｎｅwceｌlsthehｅarｔproducesｗasｅsｔimaｔedｕsｉnghealtｈyhearｔs-whetｈeｒthｅrateofcｅllｔumoｖｅrinｄiｓeａｓedheａrtｓisｔhesａmereｍａｉnsunknowｎ.31．ThehｕmａｎheartstｏｐsｐrｏducｉnｇcaｒｄiａcceｌlsＡ.wｈenaｐｅrsonbecｏmesoldB.assｏoｎasapｅrsoｎgetssｉcｋC.ｉｍｍediatelyafterapersonisｂｏrｎＤ．onｃeａpersondｉｅｓ32．ThｅfindingcoｕldprｏｖeｔobeｕsefultoA．theaｎalyｓisoｆcarｄｉaccｅlｌｓＢ.thｅpreventionoｆchrｏniｃdiseａsesC.tｈetｒｅatmentofhｅarｔdiｓeaｓｅD.theｓtｕdyofloｎgｓtａndingｍysterｉes33.Iｎpeoｐｌeinｔheirｍiｄ-７0s,only０.４5ｐｅrｃｅnｔｏｆｃardｉoｍyoｃｙtes＿.A.arestiｌlfuｎctionaｌB.aｒｅreducedｅａchyｅarC.arereｐlaｃｅdeaｃhyeaｒＤ.arｅｄaｍａgedeacｈyear34.ChronｉcｈｅarｔｆaiｌｕreisattｒｉｂutedtｏA.ｔｈｅｄｙinghｅartｃeｌlsB.thｅｅffｅcｔofpharｍceuticａｌC.theweightoｆａpatienｔD.tｈeｌｉfespanofａperｓon35．ItisnoｔknownyetiftherateofｃellｔｕrnoveriｎdiｓeasedｈeartsA.ｉsｈｉgheｎｏughtoｒepｌaｃecellsｆａsterthaｎthey＇rｅdｙiｎgofｆB.isofａnyｕsetｏｒesｅarｃheｒsC.isｔhesameａsｔｈａtｉnhｅａlthyhｅartｓD．chanｇｅｓovertime第二篇TheＩcｅMaｎＯnaSeptemｂerｄayin1991,twｏGermanswereclｉｍｂingｔｈemｏuntaiｎbｅtweenＡｕｓｔriaanｄIｔａly.Ｈighｕpoｎａmountainpａｓs,theｙfounｄtｈebodyｏfamanlyinｇｏnｔheice．Atthａtｈeiｇhｔ（10，4９9fｅet，or3，２００metｅrs),theｉｃeisusuallypｅrmanent,but1９９1hadｂeｅｎａnｅsｐｅciａｌlywarmyeaｒ.Themountainicehａｄmelｔｅdｍorethａｎjuｓt.uｓualandｓｏtｈｅbodyｈaｄcｏmｅｔｏｔｈｅsurfaｃe.Iｔwaslｙingfaceｄowｎ.Thｅskｅｌｅtoｎ(骨架)wasinpｅrfeｃtcoｎdiｔｉon，exceptfoｒａwｏunｄinthehｅaｄ.Ｔｈeｒewａsｓtillskinontheｂoｎesaｎdtｈeremａiｎｓofsomｅclothes．Ｔｈehanｄsｗeｒｅsｔｉｌlhoｌdinｇthewoodeｎhandleｏｆanａxandoｎtheｆeｅttｈerewereverysimpleleatherandcｌothbｏots．Nｅarbywasapairoｆｇlovesmadｅｏftreｅbark（树皮)ａndahｏｌderforaｒｒｏｗｓ．Whoｗastheｍan?Ｈowａnｄwhｅnhadheｄiｅd?Eveｒybodyhadadｉｆfereｎtaｎsｗｅrtoｔｈｅseqｕestions.Ｓｏmeｐｅoｐlｅthoughtthatitｗaｓfrｏmthiscenｔurｙ，peｒhａpstheｂｏdyofasolｄieｒwｈｏｄiedinＷoｒlｄＷarI,sｉnｃeseveralsoｌdｉerｈａdalreadyｂeenfｏundinｔhearea.AＳｗissｗｏmanｂelｉevediｔmigｈtbeheｒfatheｒ,whohaｄdiedinthosemoｕntaｉnｓtweｎtyyeａrsbeforeａndwｈosｅboｄyhadneveｒbｅenｆoｕnd.Ｔhｅｓcieｎtｉsｔswhｏrusｈedtolｏokatthebodyｔhｏughtitｗaspｒobablyｍuｃholｄer,maybeevenathoｕｓaｎdyeaｒsolｄ.Withmｏdernｄatiｎｇtechniqｕｅs，theｓcｉenｔistssoｏnｌｅarｎｅｄthattheicemanwａsaboｕt5，300yearｓolｄ．Ｂorninabout３3０0B.C.heliｖｅddurinｇtｈeBroｎzeAgｅinEurope.Atｆirｓtｓｃientistsｔhougｈtｈｅbablyahunterwhｏｈaddiedfromａnaccidentinthehｉｇhｍountａinｓ.Moｒerecentevidｅnce,however，tellｓａdｉfｆerentstory.AnewkindofＸ－raｙshowsaｎarｒowｈeadstillstuckinｈｉｓsｈouｌdeｒ.Ｉtlefｔoｎlyatｉnｙholｅinhissｋin，bｕｔitcａuｓedinternaldamagｅandbleeding.Hｅalmｏstcｅrtaiｎlydｉedfroｍtｈiswｏunｄ,ａｎｄnｏtfｒomthewｏｕndoｎthｅｂａckofhisheaｄ.Thismeansｔｈattｈeｗａsprｏbaｂlyinsｏmeｋｉndofbａｔtle．Itmａｙhａvebeenｐarｔofａlargewar,ｏrheｍａyhaｖebeenfightinｇbandｉts.Hｅmayｅvenｈavebeeｎabanｄｉｔｈiｍselｆ.Ｂystudyinghｉsclotheｓａnｄtoｏls,ｓｃientiｓtｓhavealrｅaｄyleaｒｎedagrｅatdｅａlｆrｏmtｈeIｃeｍanａｂouｔthetimｅshelivｅdin.wemayneverｋnowthefullstoryoｆhowhediｅd,buthｅhasｇiｖｅｎusiｍpｏrtanｔｃlｕestothｅhistorｙｏｆｔhosedｉsｔantｔiｍes.３6.ThebodyｏｆtheIcemaｎwasfｏuｎdｉntｈemｏuntaｉｎsmaiｎlybecauseA.ｔhemelｔedicemadehimvisiblｅＢ.twoGermanswereclｉmbiｎgｔheｍounｔainsC.hewasｌyingoｎthｅiceD.hewａsjustｏｎamｏuｎtainpass3７．Whatcaｎbeinfｅrｒｅdfromｐaｒａｇrａph2?A.TheＩｃeｍａnwaskiｌlｅdwhileworｋing．B．TheIcemａnliveｄaｐoorlife.C.ＴhｅIcemaｎcouldhａvｅdiｅdｆromthｅｗouｎｄiｎthehｅａd.D.ＴheIcemaｎｗasstruckｄｅaｄfrombehinｄ.３8.AlltheｆollowiｎgareａsｓumptionsoncemadeaboｕtｔhｅIcｅmanＥXCEＰT.A.hewａｓａsolｄieｒinWorlｄＷaｒIB．hewａｓaSwissｗomａn'ｓｌong-loｓtｆaｔheｒＣ.heｗasboｒnabouｔａｔhｏuｓandyｅarｓagoＤ.ｈecamefromItaly39.TｈeｓｃieｎtistsmadethededuｃtiｏntｈaｔtｈｅIｃｅmａn'A.ｗashitｉｎtheｓｈｏｕｌderｂyanａrrowheａd．B.ｗasprobabｌyinsomekinｄofabattleC．hadgoｔawoundontｈebackｏfhisｈｅadＤ.hadatinyholeinhisｓkｉncａusiｎghisdeａtｈ４0.Tｈeworｄ＂ｂanｄitｓ"inpａrａgｒaｐh4coulｄｂｅbｅｓｔreｐlaｃeｄbyA.robberｓB.sｏｌdｉerｓＣ.huｎtersD.shooters第三篇Holｄingontohopeｍaynｏtmakepatientｓｈaｐpierastheydeａlｗithchroniｃilｌnesｓordiseasｅs,accoｒdiｎgｔoａｎeｗstudｙｂyUniveｒsityｏfMｉchiganＨｅaｌｔhSysｔemｒｅｓearchers."Ｈoｐeisanimportantｐartofhappｉness,"saidPeterＡ.Uｂｅl,M.D.directoｒoｆｔhｅＵ－MCentｅｒｆorBehaｖｉoralaｎdDeciｓionScienｃesinＭediciｎｅandｏneoftheauthorsofthｅhappｉlｙhopeleｓｓstudy,"ｂutｔhere'sadａrksiｄeofｈope．Soｍetimes,ｉfhoｐemakesｐeoｐlepｕtofｆgettiｎｇonwithtｈeirlifｅ,iｔcanｇeｔintｈｅwaｙofｈappineｓs．"Thereｓuｌtssｈowedtｈatpeoｐledonotａdaｐｔwelｌtosｉｔｕａtioｎsiftheyarebeliｅvedｔobesｈortterm.Ｕbelanｄhｉsco-ａuthoｒs－bothfroｍＵ-MａndCarnegｉeＭeｌｌonUnｉveｒsｉty-ｓｔuｄｉedpaｔiｅntswｈohａdｎｅwcoｌostomies:theｉrｃolonswｅreremovｅdandtｈeyｈadtohａvebowｅlｍoveｍentｓinaｐouchtｈatlieｓoutsidethｅirbody．Atｔhetｉｍetｈeｙrecｅｉveｄtheircolostｏmy,ｓomｅpatienｔｓweretoldtｈattｈecolostomywasrｅvｅrsiblｅ-ｔｈattheyｗｏuldｕｎdeｒgoasｅｃｏｎdｏperａｔiｏntｏrecｏｎnectｔheｉrｂｏｗelsafｔerｓｅｖerａlmoｎths.Othersweｒｅtolｄｔｈaｔthecoｌostoｍywaｓpeｒｍanentandｔhａｔtｈeｙwouｌdneveｒhａｖenorｍalｂowｅｌｆuｎctｉonaｇain.Theseconｄｇｒoｕｐ-tｈeonｅwitｈoｕthope-ｒｅｐortedｂeinｇhａppierovertheｎextsｉxｍonｔｈsthanthosewitｈreversｉblecoloｓｔomｉes."Wetｈｉnktｈｅyｗerehapｐieｒbecausetｈeyｇotonwiｔhtheirlives.Ｔｈeyｒealｉzｅdthｅｃardstheyｗeredealt,anｄｒｅcｏgniｚedｔhａttheyｈaｄｎochoｉcｅｂｕｔtｏplaywiththosecaｒds,＂saysUbｅl,ｗhoｉsａlｓofｅｓsorｉnｔｈeＤepartmentofIｎｔeｍaｌＭｅｄicｉne."Thｅｏtｈｅrgroupwasｗａiｔingｆoｒtheircoｌostomｙｔoberｅverseｄ，＂ｈeａddｅd．"Tｈeycoｎｔrａｓtedｔhｅｉrｃｕｒrｅnｔｌｉfewiththelifeｔheｙｈopedtolead,anｄdidn'tｍaketｈｅbestoftｈeirｃurｒｅntsituation."＂Hopeｆｕlmｅsｓagｅsmaynotｂeinｔhｅｂｅsｔｉｎｔerｅsｔsoｆtheｐatientandmayinterｆerｅwiｔhthepatienｔ'ｓemotｉｏnaladａpｔaｔion,"Ubeｌsａys."Iｄon'tｔhiｎkｗesｈｏuｌdtakｅhｏpｅａｗay.ButＩthinkwｅhavetobecarefulaｂｏutbｕildinguｐpeｏple'ｓｈopesomuｃｈthaｔtheypuｔｏfflivingtheirlives．＂4１.ChｒoｎicallｙｉllpatｉｅnｔsmaybｅhaｐｐｉerA.ｉftｈeykｅｅｐthｉｎｋingoｆtｈeirpasｔＢ.iｆｔheybelievetheｙ＇IlrｅcoveｒC.iｆtｈeypｕtoffｍovinｇonD.iftｈeymaｎaｇetoｇeｔonｗｉthｔｈeiｒlife42.Whaｔhaｄｈａppenedtｏtｈeｐatientｓundｅｒｓtuｄy?A.Theｙhadjustｓurｖiｖedanaccｉdenｔ．B.Theyｈadjusthａdａnopeｒatiｏn．C.Tｈｅｙhadjｕstｉｎｊｕｒedthｅｉrcoｌoｎｓ.Ｄ.Theyhadjｕsｔmａdｅｓomeｐｏuchｅｓ.43．OnegroupofthｅpａtientｓwａｓhappierbecauseＡ.theymａdｅtheｂestofｔheircｕrrentsituａtionB.ｔhｅyｗereｇoodａtｐlayinｇcarｄsＣ．theyrｅgaｉnednorｍaｌbowelｆunctionD．theyweｒｅprｏmisedanotheroperaｔｉon44.Ｔhｅoｔｈergrｏupwａｓnotashappyｂeｃaｕsｅ.Ａ.theyaccepteｄｔheｉrcurrentsituａtionＢ.theywereａnxiｏusｔogetｂｅtterC.ｔheyｍissedｔheｉrpreｖiouslｉfeD．ｔheyreｆuｓedtoplaycardｓ４5.Whatcｏulｄbethemｅssageofthepasｓage?Ａ.Ｇivinguphopemeaｎsgｉviｎguphａppiｎesｓ.B.Lｅttingｇoofhｏpeisattiｍesabetterchoiｃe.C.Ｈoｐeiswhａtmaｋespeｏｐlｅoｎ.D.Hoｐeｆreqｕenｔlｙgetｓintｈewａｙｏfhapｐinesｓ.第5部分：补全短文(第４6~50题,每题2分,共10分)下面的短文有５处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。SeｍcoAｔ21,ＲicardoSｅｍｌerｂeｃａｍebｏssofｈｉｓfatｈer＇sbuｓｉnessｉnＢrａzil，Ｓｅｍco，whiｃｈsolｄpartsｆorshiｐs.SeｍleｒJunioｒworkedlｉkeamａdman,fｒｏm7:30aｍ,uｎtｉｌmidnightｅverｙdaｙ.Ｏneafternｏon,whiletouringafａｃtoryinNｅｗYork,hｅcollaｐｓｅd．Thedoctoｒwhotreatedhiｍsａiｄ，"Ｔherｅ'snｏｔｈｉｎgwrongwiｔｈｙｏu.Bｕｔifyoucｏntiｎｕe,lｉketｈiｓ,you'ｌlfindａnewhomｅinourｈｏsｐiｔal."Ｓemlergotthｅmｅｓsage．Hechangedｔhｅwayheworked．Ｉnfact，hｅchangedtｈｅｗaysｈｉsｅmpｌoyeeｓworkedtoo.Ｈelethiswoｒkeｒｓtaｋeｍoｒｅrｅｓponsｉｂiｌitysｏthattheywouldbethｅonｅsworrinｇwhenｔhingswenｔwrong.Ｈｅａllｏwｅdｔhemtoseｔtheiroｗｎsaｌarieｓ,ａｎdhｅcutallthejobshethouｇhtｗeｒeｕnnｅｃessary,likereceｐtionistsandsecretaｒies．(４6）"EveｒyｏneatSemｃｏ,eｖｅnｔopmanaｇeｒｓ,meｅtｓgueｓtsinｒeceｐtion，doesthｅｐhoｔoｃoｐying,ｓｅndｓfａxｅs,ｔypesletｔｅrsａｎｄdｉａlｓｔhephonｅ."Heｃomｐｌeｔeｌｙrｅorgaｎizｅdｔheoｆfiｃｅ:insｔeadofwallｓ,theyhavepｌａntｓatＳｅmco，sobｏｓsescann'tsｈuttｈｅmseｌvesａwayfromeveryｏneelse(47)Ａｓｆorｕnｉｆｏrms,ｓomepｅoｐｌewｅａｒsuitｓaｎdoｔｈerｓweａｒT-ｓhｉrｔs.Ｓｅｍlersays,"WｅhａveaｓａｌesmanagernamｅdRuｂｉｎAgａterｗhositstherereaｄｉngtｈenｅwspapｅrhoｕrafterｈour．Hedoesn'teｖｅｎｐreｔeｎdｔobeｂusy．BｕｔwheｎaＳｅmcoｐｕｍpｏntheotheｏtheｒsｉdeoｆtheworldｆaiｌesmilliｏｎsofgallｏnｓofoｉlareabｏuttosｐillｉnｔoｔheseａ．Ｒubiｎsprｉngsiｎtｏacｔion．(48)That＇ｓwhｅnheeａrnshｉｓsalaｒy.Nooneｃarｅｓifｈedoｅｓn＇tｌｏoｋbuｓytｈereｓｔｏfthetｉme."Semcｏhasflexiblｅwoｒkinｇｈourｓ:ｔheeｍployｅｅsdecidewhentｈｅyｎeｅｄtoa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门。ｓell:卖,如：Iｔｉsnotpricebｕtｑuａｌiｔｙtｈaｔsellsｏurｓhｏｅs.我们的鞋好卖不是由于价钱低而是由于质量好。comｂｉnｅ:联合，如:Somefiｌmscomｂiｎｅeｄucaｔiｏｎwiｔhrｅcreaｔｉon．有些电影把教育与娱乐结合起来。break:打破，如:Theplatｅbrｏkｅtopieceswhenitfelｌontheｆlooｒ.盘子落在地上摔碎了。只有combine和mｅrｇe意思上最为接近。9.C[解析］很多城市限制在公共场合吸烟。ａlｌow：允许,如：Ｓwimｍinｇisnoｔalｌｏweｄａttｈisbeaｃh.这片海滩严禁游泳。keｅp：保存,如:Wekeｅｐfoodinarefrigｅrａtor.我们把食物存放在冰箱里。limit：限制，如：Ｔheteaｃheｒlｉmｉtedhisstudenｔst050０ｗorｄｓfortｈeiｒcoｍｐositions．老师把学生的作文限制在五百字以内。stｏp：停止,如:Stopforawｈileandtakeareｓt．停一会儿休息休息。只有lｉmit和ｒｅstriｃt意思上最为接近。１0.D[解析]我想给我的儿子们提供好的教育。spｅciaｌ:特殊的，特别的，如：Heｎevｅｒdriｎksｅxceｐｔonspecｉａloｃcasiｏns．除非在特殊场合,他从不喝酒。gｅｎeｒａｌ:普遍的，一般的,如：Thisisａgｅｎｅｒａlmagaｚｉne.这是一本普通杂志。pｒivate:私下的,私人的,如：Ｔhａｔ'smypriｖatｅvlｅｗ.那是我个人的观点。ｇｏod:好的，如:Exeｒciseｉsgoｏdforheａlth．运动有益于健康。只有good和decｅnt意思上最为接近。11．C［解析]假如我留在这里,那么提拔的几率有多大?adverｔisement：广告,如:Adver-tｉｓeｍｅｎtheｌpｓｔoselｌgｏｏds.广告有助于推销商品。replａcemenｔ：替代品,替代者,如:Mｙsｅcreｔａryleavesuｓnｅxｔｗeeｋ,ｓowｅareadveｒｔiｓinｇｆｏrareｐlaｃｅｍenｔ.我的秘书下星期要走，所以我们现在正登广告HYPERＬINＫ""\t"＿blａｎk＂招聘一位替代者。adｖaｎｃement:进步，晋升，如：Hｉsadvａncｅmenｔtomajorcaｍetwoyearsago.他于两年前被提高为少校。reｔiremeｎt:退休，如：Shｅtoｏktｏｐaintingafteｒretiｒeｍent.她退休后爱上绘画。只有ａｄｖanｃeｍeｎt和ｐromoｔion意思上最为接近。12.Ｂ[解析]我们已经看到解决社会问题的方法有了明显的改变。reguｌａｒ：规律的,如:Hｅ'ｓgotnｏregｕlarjob.他没有固定的工作。cｌｅar：清楚的,如：Weｈadaclearviewofthemoｕnｔains.我们清楚地看到群山。quｉcｋ:快速的，如:Hｅisquicktｏunｄerstand.他理解能力强。grｅat：好的,伟大的，如:Ｅｉnstｅiｎwasａgreａtｓcientisｔ.爱因斯坦是个优秀的科学家。只有ｃlｅar和maｒｋｅｄ意思上最为接近。１３.C[解析]她的父亲沉默寡言、举止文雅。simｉlａr:类似的,如：Myviewissimilａrtoyours.我的见解与你相似。bａd：坏的，糟糕的,如：Theweatｈeｒｗasrｅａｌlｙbad.天气真糟。pｏlitｅ：礼貌的,如:He＇ｓalwayｓsopoliｔetｏpeople.他对人总是非常有礼貌。ｕsual：平时的,如：Ｓhaｌlweｍeｅtatｔhｅusｕaltimｅａndｐlaｃｅ?我们在老地方、老时间见面好吗?只有poｌite和graｃｅfuｌ意思上最为接近。14.C[解析］他讲完话后的沉默意味深长。sｈorｔ:短暂的,如:Ｔheｒaｉｌwaｙstaｔioｎisoｎlyａｓhortdiｓtancefromhｅre．火车站离这里很近。ｓuｄdeｎ：忽然的,如：Ｈisrisｅtopowerｗasｖｅryｓuddeｎ．他的掌权十分忽然。deｅp：深刻的,深奥的,如：Ｍａtｈemaｔicsisｔoodeepｆorme.我觉得数学太深奥。pｒouｄ:骄傲的,如:He'stｏoproｕdｔoｓpeakｔopoorｐeoplelikｅｕs．他太骄傲了,从不与我们这样的穷人说话。只有deep和profound意思上最为接近。15．C［解析]该文献是由卫生部起草的。ｐriｎt：打印，如：Tｈebｏｏkｗasｐriｎtｅｄonroｕｇhyeｌlｏwpapｅr.这本书用粗糙的黄纸印刷。seｎｄ:寄送，发送,如：ＳhｅsｅnｔmeaＣhristmascaｒd．她给我寄来一张圣诞贺卡。ｗritｅ:写,如:Hewr,telotsoｆpoemsinhｉsliｆｅ．他一生中写了许多诗。ａtｔacｈ:贴上，系上，如：He'IIattachthelaｂelｔoｙoｕrIｕggａ