上海市杨浦区2022-2023学年高三上学期一模英语试卷（含听力）

2022-2023学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期英语一模卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Atthetravelagency. B.Attheshoppingmall.C.Atthemuseum. D.Atthelecturehall.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Oh,lookatthis.It’sabrochureforvirtualtoursofthemuseum.M:That’ssocool!Wecantakeavirtualtourofthemodernartworkexhibitionthatweskippedthismorning.Q:Wherewerethetwospeakersthismorning?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Itsplugismissing.B.Ithasgotoutofpaper.C.Itisn’tconnectedtothepower.D.Itisnotputintherightposition.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Canyouhelpmeplease?Ican’tgetthisprintertowork.Itriedfillingitwithpaperbutstillnothing.M:Well,Icanseetheproblemfromhere.It’snotpluggedin.Q:Whydoesn’ttheprinterworkproperly?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Bossandemployee. B.Colleagues.C.Policemanandprisoner. D.Classmates.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whyisn’tBenhereintheoffice?M:Benmadeanarrowescapeandleftworkjustbeforethebosscouldgivehimmoreassignmentstodo.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Shefailedthedrivingtestinthepast.BShecan’tbelievethemanfoiled.C.Themanshouldhavepracticedmore.D.Themanshouldforgetaboutthetest.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Istillcan’tbelievethatIfailedmydrivingtestafterdaysofpractice.W:Thepastisinthepast.Justletitgo.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hethinkshighlyofit.B.Hedoesn’tlikeit.C.Itlaststoolong.D.Itscontentisnotgood.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Soyou’veseentheshow.NowI’dliketohearyouropinions.M:Well,Iamafraidtheshowisnotgoodenough.Thepresentercomesacrossasabitsortofbig-headedandfullofhimself.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheshow?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Eightweeksisnotaproblemforhim.B.Allthespecialistsarefullybooked.C.Thegoodspecialistisworththewait.D.Hisbackproblemisnotveryserious.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Sincethisspecialistdoesn’thaveanyopeningsforeightweeks,whynotseeanotherspecialistforyourbackproblem?M:Butsheisthebestinthebusiness.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thelibrarywon’tbeopenaspreviouslyscheduled.B.Thelibraryisbelievedtobebeyondrepair.C.Therepairworkdidn’tstartfromthe25thofMay.D.Therepairworkshouldhavebeenplannedearlier.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:It’s9o’clock.Howcomethelibraryisnotopen?M:It’sclosedforrepairsfromthe25thofApriluntilthe1stofJuly.ButIheardtherepairworkwasn’tgoingonverysmoothly.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thewomanshouldstickwithhercurrentjob.B.Thewomanshouldtakethenewjoboffer.C.Thewomanshouldbepreparedtoworkextrahours.D.Thewomanshouldstopcomplainingaboutherjob.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:SoyouthinkIshouldtakethisnewjob?M:I’vebeenlisteningtoyoucomplainforoverayearnow.Theypayyoulate.Theyforceyoutoworkextrahours.Whatdoyouhavetolose?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themanisdeterminedtohaveabreakthisweekend.B.Themanishesitantoverwhethertohaveabreakornot.C.Bothofthemareunderpressureanddeserveabreak.D.Neitherofthemwillenjoyastress-freeweekend.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’sSunday.Giveyourselfabreak.M:Iknow.IfeellikeIshouldenjoytheweekend,butnotdoinganythingmakesmeevenmorestressedout.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hetendstounderstatethedifficulty.B.Helikestomakeemptypromises.C.Heispassionateaboutextremesports.D.Hehatestostretchthetruth.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Ijustsignedupforanactivity.Doyouwannajoinme?Ipromiseit’snothingtoodifficult.W:Ihighlydoubtit.Lasttimeyousaidthesamething,anditturnedouttobeamarathon.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyabouttheman?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Trynottothinkofapolarbear.B.Trytoposeasapolarbear.C.Stopthinkingabouttheirfeet.D.Observethemselvesforafewminutes.12.A.Thosewhowereinformedofthepurposeoftheexperiment.B.Thosewhoweretoldtothinkofwhitebearsonpurpose.C.Thosewhowereshownpicturesofwhitebearsatintervals.D.Thosewhowereaskednottothinkofawhitebearfromthebeginning.13.A.Therewillbegreaterchanceofuscontrollingthethoughts.B.Olddoubtswillbemorelikelytocometothesurface.C.Wewillbeabletogetridofnegativethoughts.D.Wewillbebotheredmorelikelybythethoughts.【答案】11.A12.D13.D【解析】【原文】Trynottothinkaboutyourfeet.Nowobserveyourselfoverthenextfewminutesasyouareunabletostopthinkingaboutthem.Thisphenomenon,knownasthe“whitebearproblem,”wasfirstsuggestedbackin1863byRussiannovelist,FyodorDostoevsky.Inhisessay,hechallengedreaders,“Trytoposeyourselfthistask:nottothinkofapolarbear,andyouwillseethattheannoyingthingwillcometomindeveryminute.”Overacenturyandahalflater,HarvardpsychologistDanielWegnercameacrossDostoevsky’spassage,andwasinspiredtoinvestigatethematterfurther.Wegnerdesignedanexperimentinvolvingdifferentgroupsofsubjectswhowereaskedtothinkofornottothinkofawhitebear.Whenthefirstgroupofpeoplewereaskednottothinkofawhitebear,theyendedupthinkingofitmorethanonceperminuteonaverage.Next,thesamegroupwasaskedtodothesameexercise,butthistimetothinkofwhitebearsfromtheverybeginning.Itturnedoutthattheparticipantsinthefirstgroupthoughtofthebearfarmoreoftenthantheothergroupswhohadbeeninstructedtothinkofwhitebearsonpurpose.Wegnercoinedtheterm“ironicrebound”todescribetheprocesswherebydeliberateattemptstocontrolthoughtsmakethemmorelikelytocometothesurface.Questions11.WhatdidtheRussiannovelistaskthereaderstodoinhisessaybackin1863?12.Whothoughtofthewhitebearthemostamongdifferentgroupsofsubjects?13.AccordingtoWegner,whatwillhappenifweattempthardtocontrolcertainthoughts?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Byusingaspecialtypeofliquid.B.Byabsorbingtheheatfromtheceiling.C.Byfixingadeviceontheinsidecoating.D.Byremovingpressurefromthepipes.15.A.Ithassuccessfullyachievedzero-carbonemission.B.Renewableenergyisusedtheretopowerlightsandheating.C.ItisabletosupplyalltheheatingintheareaofGlasgow.D.Itattractsprofessionaldancerstohaveagreattimethere.16A.Anewmachinetotransformheatenergy.B.Arevolutionarybatterythatstoresheat.C.AninnovativeprojectcalledBodyheat.D.Aglobaldiscussiononfightingclimatechange.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】AnartsvenuecalledSWG3inGlasgow,Scotlandhaslaunchedasystemthatusestheheatproducedbydancingasasourceofenergy.Themoreenergeticallypeopledance,themoreheattheycreate.Devicesontheceilingabsorbheatfrominsidetheclubandtransportitthroughpipesusingaspecialtypeofliquidcalledacarrierfluid.Theheatenergytravelsinto12holesdrilledintothegroundtobestored200metresbelow.Theheatenergycanbestoredintherockslikeathermalbatterythatstoresenergyasheatuntilitisneeded.Anothersystemthenmovestheheattoareasthatneedwarming.Theproject,whichiscalledBodyheat,wasofficiallylaunchedon6October,anditwastestedduringtheclimateconferenceinGlasgowinNovember2021.Attheevent,worldleadersdiscussedhowtotackleclimatechange.Thesystemstoredtheheatfromvisitorsandusedittopowerlightsandheating.Now,theownersofSWG3saythey’llbeabletoswitchofftheirgasboilersanduseBodyheattosupplyalltheirheating.Thiswouldadduptobigsavingsintheamountofcarbondioxidetheyproduce.Thehopeisthatby2025,SWG3willnotbereleasinganycarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.DrJonGluyas,fromDurhamUniversitypraisedtheBodyheatprojectasa“reallygoodmove”.HesaiditcouldhelpwiththeenergycrisisintheUKbyproducingmoreenergyhereinsteadofhavingtorelyonbuyingenergyfromothercountries.Besides,peoplearereallymakingGlasgowgreener–whilehavingagreattime.Questions14.Howistheheattransportedthroughpipestotherocks200metersbelow?15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutSWG3inGlasgow,Scotland?16.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Aphonewithanup-to-dateoperatingsystem.B.Anewmodelwithadifferentsizeandcolor.C.Amodelthathasthelongest-lastingbattery.D.Aphonewithanautomaticfilmingfunction.18.A.Itmaynotbeasefficientastheoldone.B.Ittakesmuchtimetogetusedtoanewphone.C.Shecan’taffordtobuyanewphone.D.Shedoesn’tlikethenewapplications.19.A.Theirphonesareregularlyupdated.B.Theyarebothinterestedindigitaltechnology.C.Theybothhaddatastolenfromthephones.D.Theiroldphoneswereboughtabout2yearsago.20.A.Improvingproductivityatwork.B.Enlargingthephonestorage.C.Buyinganewsmartphone.D.Increasingphonesecurity.【答案】17.A18.B19.D20.C【解析】【原文】M:Thisarticlesaysthattheaveragetimeforreplacingasmartphoneisabouttwoyears?ndyou’retellingmethisbecause...?M:Well,I’vehadmineaboutthatlong.SoI’mthinkingitisabouttimetogetanewphone.W:Why?Issomethingwrongwithit?Wegotoursatthesametime,remember?Idon’tfeeltheneedtogetanewoneyet.M:IthinkI’dbemoreproductiveforworkifIupdatedmyphone.W:Really?Howso?M:Itwouldmakecommunicationeasier,andanewphonewouldbefaster.W:Iknowyouareusingyourphoneforworkmore.Butareyousureyouneedanewone?Dothenewonesreallyfunctionbetter?Oftenanewmodeljustmeansanewsize,colororsomeothersmallfeatures.M:Ineedaphonewithanup-to-dateoperatingsystemsothatmyproductivityratestayshigh.ThenewphoneI’mlookingatbuyinghasveryhelpfulnewapplications,too....Well,Iguess...ifyouneeditforwork.M:Whataboutyou?Yourscan’tbeasefficientasitusedtobe.W:Whatareyoutalkingabout?M:Well,isn’tyourbatterydyingfasterthanbefore?Aren’tyourunningoutofstorage?W:Well,myphonedoesdiefasterthanitusedto.Butthereissomuchtolearnwhenyougetanewphone.IttookmealongtimetogetusedtotheoneIhavenow.M:Youstillshouldthinkaboutit.W:Idon’tusemineforwork.Iuseitmainlytotextorcallpeopleandtakephotosandplaysomegames.M:Youalsosearchonlineforthings,don’tyou?W:Well,yes.Butnewsmartphonesareexpensive.M:Let’slookatitthisway:anewsmartphoneoffersbetterprotection.W:Whatareyoutalkingabout?M:There’sbeenahugeincreaseinpeoplestealingdatafromphones.Anewphonecankeepallofourinformationsaferbecauseithasbettersecurity.W:Letmethinkaboutit.Questions:17.Whatkindofnewphonesdoesthemanintendtobuy?18.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttogetanewphone?19.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthetwospeakers?20.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.It’sOKNottoBeOKEverynowandthen,youareprobablytoldnottogiveupwhenthingsgetdifficult.Butatwhatpointcanwefeelthatit’sOKtogiveup?Sometimes,givingupcanbeathoughtfulandbravedecision.Ifyoufeellikeyouhavetheweightoftheworldonyourshouldersanditisholding___21___break.___ndawaytotakeabreak.___22___(remember)thatyoucanalwaysgiveupwhenyouhityourlimitandstartoverwhenyoufeelreadyagain.SimoneBiles,witha___23___(combine)totalof32OlympicandWorldChampionshipmedals,gotacaseofthe“twisties”attheOlympicsinTokyolastyear.Thismeansthatwhendoingflips(空翻)ortwists,theworld’sgreatestgymnasthadahardtimefiguringout___24___thegroundwas.So,shetoldtheworldshewasn’tgoingtocompete___25___sheknewherlimits.Ifshehadpushedherselfatallcosts,shemighthaveendedupwithalifelonginjury.Instead,sheknewwhen___26___(tell)peopleshewasn’tOK.Asafour-timeGrandSlamwinnerattheageof23,theJapanesetennisplayerNaomiOsaka___27___(drop)outofthe2021FrenchOpen.Sheannouncedthatsheneededabreak___28___thespotlighttoworkonhermentalhealth.InaTIMEmagazineinterviewbeforetheOlympics,shesaid,“Idohopethatpeople___29___relateandunderstandit’sOKtonotbeOK,andit’sOKtotalkaboutit.Therearepeople____30____experiencesareinspiring,andthereisusuallylightattheendofanytunnel.”【答案】21.you22.Rbined24.where25.because##as26.totell27.dropped28.from##off29.can30.whose【解析】【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过举例阐述了偶尔不好也是可以的。【21题详解】考查代词。句意：如果你觉得整个世界的重量都压在你的肩上，拖住了你，想办法休息一下。根据句意和前文的主语you可知，此处表示“拖住了你”，人称代词you主格和宾格一样。故填you。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：记住，当你达到极限时，你可以放弃，当你觉得准备好了时，你可以重新开始。分析句子可知，and连接两个祈使句，祈使句动词用原形，that引导宾语从句作remember的宾语，单词置句首首字母大写，故填Remember。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：西蒙·拜尔斯(SimoneBiles)，总共获得了32枚奥运会和世锦赛奖牌，她在去年的东京奥运会上遭遇了“扭曲”。修饰名词total，用形容词combined，表示“总和的；总计的”，根据句意，故填combined。【24题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这意味着，这位世界上最伟大的体操运动员在做空翻或扭转时，很难找到地面的位置。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作figureout的宾语，根据句意，此处用连接词where“……的地方”符合语境，故填where。【25题详解】考查状语从句。句意：所以，她告诉全世界，她将不比赛了，因为她知道自己的极限。根据句意，前后文是因果关系，故用because“因为”或者as“因为”引导原因状语从句，故填because/as。【26题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，她知道什么时候告诉别人她不可以。分析句子可知，此处用“疑问词+不定式”作动词knew的宾语，根据句意，故填totell。【27题详解】考查动词时态。句意：日本网球选手大阪直美在23岁时四次获得大满贯，但她退出了2021年的法国网球公开赛。根据句意和下文的“the2021FrenchOpen”可知，表示过去发生的事情用一般过去时，drop是谓语动词，故填dropped。【28题详解】考查介词。句意：她宣布，她需要暂时离开聚光灯，专注于自己的心理健康。根据句意，breakfrom“突然离开”，breakoff“中断；暂停”都符合语境，故填from/off。【29题详解】考查情态动词。句意：在奥运会前接受《时代》杂志采访时，她说:“我真的希望人们能够理解，不可以也没关系，谈论它也没关系。有些人，他们的经历鼓舞人心，在隧道的尽头通常都有光明。”分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，relate是从句谓语动词，结合句意，此处用情态动词can表示“可以；能够”，接动词原形构成谓语，故填can。【30题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰people，从句中作定语，用关系代词whose，故填whose。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.justifyB.trendC.theoryD.restrictedE.diversifyingF.obviouslyG.termedH.climateI.suddenlyJ.seekingK.evidentTheLipstickEffectIn2020,theworldwasplungedintoaneconomicdownturnastheCOVID-19pandemiccausedwidespreadclosurestobusinesses.Underthesecircumstances,millionsofpeople___31___foundthemselvesfacingfinancialinsecurity.Duringsuchtimesofeconomichardship,onemaynaturallyexpectthatconsumermarketswillseeadeclineinexpenditure,aspeopleeverywherefeel___32___tomakingonly“essential”purchases.However,acuriousphenomenonknownasthe“lipstickeffect”canoftenbeobserved.Thelipstickeffectreferstothephenomenonofconsumersspendingonsmallluxurygoodsevenwhenaneconomicdepressionoccurs.Thisphenomenonwas___33___the“lipstickeffect”in2001byLeonardLauder,chairmanofluxurycosmeticcompanyEstéeLauder.Hehadnotonlywitnessedthephenomenonatworkbutalsorealizedthatitwasespecially___34___inthecaseoflipstickandothercosmeticproducts.So,howexactlydoconsumerswhoareshortofcash___35___makingsuchpurchases?Firstandperhapsmost___36___,consumersmaysimplywishtogivethemselvestreatsnowandagaintoprovidedistractionsfromtheirfinancialinsecurity.Another___37___hastodowithlabourmarkets.Specifically,duringtheeconomicdepression,jobseekingtendstobecomemorecompetitive.Thus,people___38___employmentmayperceiveaneedtospendmoneyoncertainproductstoimprovetheirphysicalappearance.Byusingproductssuchaslipstick,theymayfeelmoreconfidentduringjobinterviews.Whateverthecausesofthelipstickeffect,thisphenomenonisnoshort-lived___39___.Duringtheglobaldepressionof2007-2009,salesofcosmeticintheUnitedStatesincreasedbyaround5%.Basedonsuchdata,itseemsthateveninthecurrentinsecureeconomic___40___,theluxurycosmeticsindustryisonethatwillbestickingaround.【答案】31.I32.D33.G34.K35.A36.F37.C38.J39.B40.H【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是口红效应。【31题详解】考查副词。句意：在这种情况下，数百万人突然发现自己面临经济不安全感。由上文“theCOVID-19pandemiccausedwidespreadclosurestobusinesses”可知，此处表示“数百万人突然发现自己面临经济不安全感”，空格处意为“突然”，是suddenly。故选I。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：在这样的经济困难时期，人们自然会认为消费市场的支出将会下降，因为各地的人们都感到受到限制，只能购买“必要的”物品。由下文“makingonly“essential”purchases”可知，各地的人们都感到受到限制，只能购买“必要的”物品，空格处意为“受限制的”，用形容词作表语，是restricted，故选D。【33题详解】考查被动语态。句意：2001年，奢侈化妆品公司EstéeLauder董事长LeonardLauder将这种现象称为“口红效应”。由下文“the“lipstickeffect””可知，奢侈化妆品公司EstéeLauder董事长LeonardLauder将这种现象称为“口红效应”，空格处意为“把……称为”，是term，这种现象是被称为“口红效应”，用被动语态，空格前有was，空格处用过去分词。故选G。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：他不仅在工作中目睹了这种现象，而且还意识到这种现象在口红和其他化妆品中尤其明显。由上文“consumersspendingonsmallluxurygoods”可知，这种现象在口红和其他化妆品中尤其明显，空格处意为“明显的”，用形容词evident作表语。故选K。【35题详解】考查动词时态。句意：那么，缺乏现金的消费者究竟如何证明他们的购买行为是合理的呢？由下文“consumersmaysimplywishtogivethemselvestreatsnowandagaintoprovidedistractionsfromtheirfinancialinsecurity”可知，句子表示“缺乏现金的消费者究竟如何证明他们的购买行为是合理的呢”，空格处意为“证明……合理”，是justify，句子是特殊疑问句，空前有howexactlydo，因此空格处用原形。故选A。【36题详解】考查副词。句意：首先，也许也是最明显的，消费者可能只是想时不时地犒劳一下自己，让自己从财务上的不安全感中转移注意力。由下文“consumersmaysimplywishtogivethemselvestreatsnowandagaintoprovidedistractionsfromtheirfinancialinsecurity”可知，句子表示“也许也是最明显的，消费者可能只是想时不时地犒劳一下自己，让自己从财务上的不安全感中转移注意力”，空格处意为“明显地”，用副词作状语，修饰后面的句子，是obviously。故选F。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：另一种理论与劳动力市场有关。由下文“Specifically,duringtheeconomicdepression,jobseekingtendstobecomemorecompetitive.Thus,people___8___employmentmayperceiveaneedtospendmoneyoncertainproductstoimprovetheirphysicalappearance.Byusingproductssuchaslipstick,theymayfeelmoreconfidentduringjobinterviews.”可知，此处指的是“另一种理论与劳动力市场有关”，空格处意为“理论”，是theory。全科免费下载公众号《高中僧课堂》故选C。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某些产品来改善他们的外貌。由下文“theymayfeelmoreconfidentduringjobinterviews”可知，找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某些产品来改善他们的外貌，空格处意为“寻找”，是seek，句中谓语是mayperceive，空格处用非谓语动词，people和seek之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。故选J。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：无论口红效应的原因是什么，这种现象都不会昙花一现。由下文“theluxurycosmeticsindustryisonethatwillbestickingaround”可知，这种现象都不会昙花一现，这将成为一种趋势，空格处意为“趋势”，是trend。故选B。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：根据这些数据，即使在目前不稳定的经济气候下，奢侈品化妆品行业似乎也会继续存在。由第一段的“theCOVID-19pandemiccausedwidespreadclosurestobusinesses”可知，句子表示“即使在目前不稳定的经济气候下，奢侈品化妆品行业似乎也会继续存在”，空格处意为“环境，气候”，是climate。故选H。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thehumanmemoryisphenomenallystrong.Italsohasahabitofgettingthingsbadlywrong.AccordingtoJonathanHancock,ourmemoryexpert,faultymemoriescanbe___41___revealing.Justlastweek,___42___,mywifeandIwerediscussinghowwe’dchosenouryoungestson’sname.Ihada___43___memoryofuswritingoutalistofpossiblenames,butstoppingafterjustafewbecausewe’dspottedonewebothloved.Mywife___44___.Inhermemory,we’dhadamuchlongerlist,andgonebackandchosenonefromthemiddleofthelist.Sowedugoutthepieceofpaperwe’dused-andfoundthatwe’dactuallydonesomethingcompletely___45___tochooseNate’snameMemorymistakeshappenonalargerscale,too.The“MandelaEffect”iswhenlotsofpeoplehaveconfidentrecollectionsthatturnouttobe___46___.ItwasnamedbyresearcherswhowerediscussingtheirstrongmemoriesofNelsonMandela’sdeathinprison-whenheactuallylivedfor23yearsafterhis___47___.Thereareplentyofotherexamplesofthisphenomenon.Ifyou’resurethatyourememberseeingtheMonopolyManwearingaspyglass,forinstance,orhearingawickedqueensay“Mirror,mirroronthewall,”you’ve___48___ityourself(hedoesn’t,andshesays,“Magicmirroronthewall”___49___).Sowhat’sgoingon?Well,forstarters,memoryoftenworksby___50___,andsimilarbitsofinformationcanoverlapinourbrains.We’realsogoodat“fillingintheblanks”withdetailsthatarelogicalbutuntrue.What’smore,wheneverwerunthroughamemory,wemakeitstronger—___51___anybitsthatwerewrong.Butthere’splentyofgoodnewshere,too.Everyonemisremembers.Weshouldn’tbetoohardonourselveswhenwemakemistakes.Thementalassociationsthatsometimesleadto___52___canalsohelpustofindinformationotherwisedifficulttolocate.Ifyou’re___53___withsomeone’sname,trythinkingofthingsyouassociatewiththem,andseeifyourbraingetsthepushitneeds.Discussingyourmemoriesisgreatmentalexercise.Ithighlightsstrengthsandweaknesses,andletsyoulearntipsfromothers.___54___memoriesoftenbuildsamuchmoreaccuratepicture.Thatwascertainlytrueformywifeandme.Makesuretorememberthatrememberingisacreative___55___:mind-blowinglypowerful,andalsolikelytomakemistakes.41.A.subsequently B.extremely C.rarely D.instantly42A.onthecontrary B.forexample C.inaddition D.bytheway43.A.faint B.smart C.painful D.vivid44.A.inferred B.hesitated C.confirmed D.disagreed45.A.different B.subjective C.primitive D.contradictory46.A.wrong B.consistent C.substantial D.right47.A.rejection B.release C.imprisonment D.movement48.A.experienced B.witnessed C.anticipated D.spread49.A.though B.finally C.instead D.otherwise50.A.conservation B.separation C.facilitation D.association51.A.excluding B.regarding C.including D.considering52.A.errors B.trials C.facts D.data53.A.competing B.struggling C.corresponding D.exchanging54.A.Attaining B.Boosting C.Perceiving D.Comparing55.A.component B.phase C.outcome D.process【答案】41.B42.B43.D44.D45.A46.A47.B48.A49.C50.D51.C52.A53.B54.D55.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了记忆错误发生的普遍性，并分析了这一现象产生的原因及应对措施。【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据我们的记忆专家JonathanHancock的说法，错误的记忆是非常有启发性的。A.subsequently后来；B.extremely非常；C.rarely很少；D.instantly立刻。根据下文“Thementalassociationsthatsometimesleadto___12___canalsohelpustofindinformationotherwisedifficulttolocate”可知，错误的记忆是非常有启发性的。故选B。【42题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，就在上周，我和妻子还在讨论如何给小儿子取名字。A.onthecontrary相反；B.forexample例如；C.inaddition另外；D.bytheway顺便说一下。根据下文“mywifeandIwerediscussinghowwe’dchosenouryoungestson’sname”可知，此处是作者已自己的经历为例，空格处意为“例如”。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得，我们列出了一个可能的名字的清单，但只写了几个就停了下来，因为我们发现了一个我们都喜欢的名字。A.faint模糊的；B.smart聪明的；C.painful痛苦的；D.vivid生动的，逼真的。根据下文“Sowedugoutthepieceofpaperwe’dused”可知，作者清楚地记得，曾经列出了一个可能的名字的清单，因此这段记忆是很生动逼真的。故选D。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妻子不同意。A.inferred推断；B.hesitated犹豫；C.confirmed确认；D.disagreed不同意。根据下文“we’dhadamuchlongerlist,andgonebackandchosenonefromthemiddleofthelist”可知，作者的妻子觉得当时列的清单更长，因此此处表示“妻子不同意”。故选D。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是，我们拿出了之前用过的那张纸，发现我们为了给内特取名字所做的事情其实完全不同。A.different不同的；B.subjective主观的；C.primitive原始的；D.contradictory相互矛盾的。根据上文“stoppingafterjustafew”和“we’dhadamuchlongerlist”可知，作者发现他们为了给内特取名字所做的事情其实完全不同，故选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“曼德拉效应”指的是很多人自信满满的回忆最终被证明是错误的。A.wrong错误的；B.consistent一致的；C.substantial大量的；D.right正确的。根据上文“Memorymistakeshappenonalargerscale”可知，句子表示“曼德拉效应指的是很多人自信满满的回忆最终被证明是错误的”。故选A。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个名字是由研究人员命名的，当时他们正在讨论对纳尔逊·曼德拉在狱中死亡的强烈记忆——实际上，曼德拉在获释后还活了23年。A.rejection拒绝；B.release释放；C.imprisonment监禁；D.movement活动。根据上文“heactuallylivedfor23yearsafter”可知，曼德拉在获释后还活了23年。故选B。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你确信你记得看到大富翁男人戴着望远镜，或者听到邪恶的女王说“镜子，墙上的镜子”，那么你自己也经历过（他没有，她反而说的是“墙上的魔镜”）。A.experienced经历；B.witnessed目击；C.anticipated预期；D.spread传播。根据上文“you’resurethatyourememberseeingtheMonopolyManwearingaspyglass,forinstance,orhearingawickedqueensay“Mirror,mirroronthewall,””可知，此处表示“你自己也经历过这”。故选A。【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你确信你记得看到大富翁男人戴着望远镜，或者听到邪恶的女王说“镜子，墙上的镜子”，那么你自己也经历过（他没有，她反而说的是“墙上的魔镜”）。A.though虽然；B.finally最后；C.instead反而；D.otherwise否则。根据上文“Mirror,mirroronthewall”和“Magicmirroronthewall”可知，此处表示她说的不是“Mirror,mirroronthewall”，而是“Magicmirroronthewall”，空格处是“反而”。故选C。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，记忆通常是通过联想起作用的，相似的信息可以在我们的大脑中重叠。A.conservation保存；B.separation分离；C.facilitation促进；D.association联想。根据第12空前的“Thementalassociations”可知，此处表示“记忆通常是通过联想起作用的”。故选D。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，每当我们浏览一段记忆时，我们都会让它变得更强大——包括任何错误的部分。A.excluding把……排除在外；B.regarding认为；C.including包括；D.considering考虑。根据上文“We’realsogoodat“fillingintheblanks”withdetailsthatarelogicalbutuntrue”可知，我们会把任何错误的部分包括进记忆中。故选C。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时导致错误的心理联想也可以帮助我们找到难以定位的信息。A.errors错误；B.trials试验；C.facts事实；D.data数据。根据上文“We’realsogoodat“fillingintheblanks”withdetailsthatarelogicalbutuntrue”和“__11___anybitsthatwerewrong”可知，句子表示“有时导致错误的心理联想也可以帮助我们找到难以定位的信息”。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你努力地想记起某个人的名字，试着想想与他们有关的事物，看看你的大脑是否得到了所需的推动。A.competing竞争；B.struggling努力；C.corresponding通信；D.exchanging交换。根据下文“trythinkingofthingsyouassociatewiththem,andseeifyourbraingetsthepushitneeds”可知，此处表示“如果你努力地想记起某个人的名字，试着想想与他们有关的事物，看看你的大脑是否得到了所需的推动”。故选B。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：比较记忆往往能构建出更准确的画面。A.Attaining获得；B.Boosting促进；C.Perceiving理解；D.Comparing比较。根据上文“Discussingyourmemoriesisgreatmentalexercise.Ithighlightsstrengthsandweaknesses,andletsyoulearntipsfromothers”和下文“Thatwascertainlytrueformywifeandme”及前文描述的作者和妻子有不同的记忆可知，此处表示“比较记忆往往能构建出更准确的画面”。故选D。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一定要记住，记忆是一个创造性的过程：惊人的强大，也可能犯错误。A.component成分；B.phase阶段；C.outcome结果；D.process过程。根据上文“rememberingisacreative”和下文“