2023届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句 课件 (共49张 )

定语从句

AttributiveClause

定语从句

Enjoythemusicvideo“LemonTree”.IwonderhowIwonderwhyYesterdayyoutoldme'bouttheblueblueskyandall_______Icansee

andall_______Icanseeandall

_______Icansee

Isjustayellowlemontree

（答案：that,that,that）一、基本概念：1.定语：用来修饰名词和代词的叫作定语。一般定语是形容词和介词短语。Eg:abeautifulgirl(形容词作定语)agirlinwhite(介词短语作后置定语)2.定语从句：用作定语的从句叫做定语从句，用来修饰一个名词或代词。3.定语从句三要素：先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句：一般紧跟在先行词之后的从句。重点提醒：历年高考题对定语从句的考察主要是如何选择关系词。“三步走”原则：

1.认识引导词。这是做题的关键。

2.找准先行词。判断它到底指代什么。

3.确定还缺什么。主要分析定语从句中所缺成分。关系词的作用：1、引导定语从句；2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中充当成分。Eg1:Theman

wholivesnexttousisateacher.

先行词

关系词

定语从句，放于先行词之后主句：Themanisateacher.Eg2:Thebookthatyouwantisonthedesk.

先行词

关系词主句：Thebookisonthedesk.二、关系词的用法：

关系词

1、关系代词2、关系副词:1）指人：that,who,whom,whose2）指物：that,which,whosewhen,where,why

引导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，要看关系词在从句中充当的成份。若充当状语，则用关系副词；若充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。（一）关系代词的用法：1、指人：

whowhomthatwhoseExamples:Sheisthegirl_________sellsflowers.Hereistheman___________youarelookingfor.Ihaveafriend______fatherisadoctor.主语/（宾语）

（宾语）

主语/（宾语）定语（表所属关系）who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose)(

2、指物：

thatwhichwhoseExamples:

Footballisagame_________islikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen_________Iboughtyesterday.Ilikethebook_______coverisred.=Ilikethebook_______thecoverisred.=Ilikethebook,_______________isred.主语/

（宾语）

主语/（宾语

）that/which做宾语可省略

定语（相当于ofwhich）which/that()which/thatwhoseofwhichthecoverofwhich

注：关系代词只能用that的几种情况1、先行词既有人又有物；Eg:Hetalkedaboutthe

teachersandschools

that

hehadvisited.2、先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时；Eg:

Youare

thefirst

person

that

Iwanttosee.3、先行词被theonly,thenext,thelast,thevery,any,little,no等修饰时；Eg:Thisis

thevery

pen

that

Iamlookingfor.4、先行词是all,none,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时；Eg:Isthere

anything

thatyouwantintheshop?5、主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时。Eg:

Whoisthegirl

thatissingingintheroom?Theearthisround,__weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround.__isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsIt3.as的用法定语从句在句首时只能用as,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的。ThisisthesamebookasIlost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.这本书就是我丢的那本。Thisissuchaninterestingbook__wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook__wealllike.这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。asas定语从句Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.thatthat这本书如此有趣,大家都喜欢。结果状语从句1.Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_____hasbeensaidbefore.which2.__everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.Asas引导定语从句可放在句首,句中,句末,而which引导定语从句不能放在句首。as译为正如,好像。which则没有此义。wheretherewerelotsofnewideaswhichMenciusgave.whoseideaswereveryinfluentialwholivedanunusuallife.

whentherewasalotofwar.

1.Confuciuslivedinacentury2.AncientChinawasacountry3.Somerulersfollowedtheadvice4.Philosopherswerepeople5.MoziwasamanMatchthetwopartsofthesentences.Completeeachsentencewithoneofthesewords.1.Menciuswroteabook______manypeoplehaveread.2.Menciuscamefromapartoftheworld_____changewashappeningfast.whichwherewhowhichwhenwherewhose3.Thiswasaperiod____manypeoplebecameinterestedinConfucius’steachings.4.Moziwasaman_____behaviorwasoftenunusual.5.Moziwasateacher_____principlesweredifferentfromthoseofConfucius.whosewhenwhose6.Itwasatime____philosopherscouldhavepositionsingovernments.7.Hecamefromanarea_____peoplewereverypoor.

wherewhen（二）关系副词的用法：

when,where,why1、when,在从句中作时间状语，先行词是表时间的n.。Eg:I’llneverforgettheday____________Ijoinedthearmy.2、where,在从句中作地点状语，先行词是表地点的n.。Eg:Tianjinistheplace____________Iwasborn.3、why,在从句中作原因状语，先行词是reason.Eg:Doyouknowthereason___________hewaslate?=介词+which口语中可用that代替when/onwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich

先行词是表时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是关系代词，

要看关系词在从句中充当的成份。若充当状语，则用关系副词；若充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。注意：区分下列句子：Eg:1.Iwillneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.when/inwhich（which/that）区分下列句子：Eg:

3.Thisisthefactory______________myfatherworkedlastyear.

4.Thisisthefactory_________wevisitedyesterday.where/inwhich（which/that）区分下列句子：Eg:

5.Thisisthereason______________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_________hegavetome.why/forwhich（which/that）区分下列句子：Eg:

7.Thereason______________Iwaslate_________Imetanoldfriend.8.Thereason_________Iexplainedatthemeetingisreasonable.（which/that）why/forwhichisthat

（三）“介词+关系代词”用法：

1.介词的位置：

观察下列例句总结：Eg:I’mtalkingtotheman.Themanismyteacher.

（合二为一,theman作主语）

Themanwho/whom/thatIamtalking

to

ismyteacher.

Theman

towhom

Iamtalkingismyteacher.总结：一般情况下，介词可前可后。介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin总结：可见,介词可前可后。

介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasasinger.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×

Arethesetwosentencesright?总结：可见,who、that不能用与介词之后

介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouare

lookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafter

isbetter.总结：在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?介词+关系代词的情况练习1.

Doyoulikethebook__________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook___________

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook___________

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook__________

sheoftentalks?onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhich5.

Hebuiltatelescope____________hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,________

standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest__________istheYellowRiver.throughwhichunderwhichofwhich8.Thetower_______peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.fromwhichtowhomofwhich注意：当先行词是theway(表方式)时，关系词要用that=inwhich,且可以省略。Eg:Idon’tliketheway____________youspeak.(that/inwhich)理解：Youspeakintheway.

(theway在句中作方式状语)

Exercises:1、Idon’tliketheway_____hetalkedtome.A.asB.thatC.whichD.bywhich2、Shetalkedaboutthebooksandwriters_____sheremembered.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom3、Hestilllivesintheroom____windowfacestotheeast.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhich

4、Isthisthehouse_____Shakespearewasborn?A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich

5、Thatistheoffice___Lincolnonceworkedin.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.inwhich6、Doyouknowthereason_____hewaslate?A.forwhich B.forwhat C.which D.that7、That’sall____Iwanttotellyou.A.they B.whichC./ D.that

8、Icanneverforgettheday_____weworkedtogetherandtheday_____wespenttogether.

A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when

9、Theway_____helooksatproblemsiswrong.

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./

10、Thisisthelasttime_____Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what11、Thereasonis_____Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what

12、Heistheonlyoneofthethree____gotthenewidea.

A.whohave

B.whomhaveC.whohas

D.whosehad

13、I,___yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whois

B.whoam

C.thatis

D.whicham14、Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho___passedtheexamination.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have

Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho___(have)gottheteacher’spraise.Heisoneofthestudentsinhisclassw