2023年上海市高三高考英语模拟试卷试题及答案

-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷（含答案）II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DiscoveringaBrotherKieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrother.Hisadoptionpapers,signedandsealedwhenhewasthreemonthsold,listedabrothernamedVincentbutnolastname.ThoughKieronspentyears(21)_______(think)aboutVincent,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.ThatchangedinDecember2017,(22)_______Kieron'sadoptiveparentsgavetheirfouradoptedchildrenAncestryDNAtestsasChristmasgifts.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva(唾液)sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewassurprisedtofindhehadsomeDNAmatchesforrelativeswho(23)_______(take)thetest,too.Mostweredistantconnections,butonematchwassostrongthatit(24)_______(label)"closefamily59.HisnamewasVincentGhant.Kieronlookedforhimonlineandsoonmadeapossibleconnection."Thisisgoingtosoundsowildbutyouseem(25)_______(be)mybrother,”Kieronwroteontheinstantmessagingapp.“Iwasgivenup(26)_______adoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmymotherhasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname?"wroteVincent,now30."IthinkitwasTyler."“OMGYES!!!Youaremybrother.”“Wow,”wroteKieron.“Thisiscrazy."saidVincent.Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother,outsideofAtlanta.Moremind-blowing,theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.“Whataretheoddswe'reseparatedourentirelivesandthenendupatthesameschoolwiththesameinterests?"saysKieron.Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforthe(27)_______(lose)time.Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek."Iwasreallynervous,"saysKieron."Iwaswondering(28)_______Ishouldsay.”Ashewaitedoutsidetheshop,heheardsomeonecallhisname,andhesuddenlyfound(29)________inahugwiththebrotherhe'dthoughtabouthisentirelife.Themenwentinsideandtalked."Weconnected,"saysVincent,"(30)______________wealreadykneweachother."SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.affected B.community C.condition D.contact E.decreasedF.deliveredG.fearful H.intensity I.meaningful J.serious K.unrealisticLonelinessUniversityfoundoneinfourAustraliansfeellonelywithmanyreportinganxietyaboutsocialisingand30percentsayingtheydidn'tfeelpartofagroupoffriends.Bothyoungandoldpeopleare_____31_____,thoughpeopleover65aretheleastlonely"Peopletellmetheirfriendsdon'tringthemanymore/5saysWilliamYeates,whonowrunswebinarstobringpeopletogetherothers.“Oneladytoldmeshedoesn'tgetanyvisitors;theonlytimeshehasanyhuman_____32_____isintheweeklywebinar.Iinvitedheroutforlunchbutshecouldn'tdoit.Shewastoo_____33_____.”Worryingly,oneineightyoungpeopleaged18-25reportaveryhigh_____34_____ofloneliness,andaremorelikelythanolderpeopletofeelgreaterlevelsofsocialanxiety.Evenschool-agedchildrenreportfeelinglonelyandisolatedandsaytheydon'thave_____35_____connectionswithpeoplearoundthem.Whilepeoplehavealwaysfeltlonely—it'spartofthehuman_____36_____—there'snodoubtthatthemodemworld,withlongercommutingtimesandgreaternumbersofpeoplelivingalone,hasworsenedthetrend.IreneVerins,amanageratMentalWellbeing,VicHealth,sayslonelinessinyoungerpeopleaged18to25isoftendrivenby_____37_____So_____38_____islonelinessinternationallythattheUKgovernmentappointedaMinisterforLonelinessandin2011launchedaCampaigntoEndLoneliness.It'sestimatedthatevery£1spentonrelievinglonelinessinBritainhas_____39_____a£2-£3savingincostsfortheeconomy.That'sbecausethelonelinessofindividualpeopleimpactsthesocialtogethernessofthewhole_____40_____.Thefewerlonelypeople,thelowerthehealthcarecostsandthegreaterthewellbeingofeveryone."Thisisnationalissue,"saysVerins.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B5CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HowdidCapeTown,SouthAfrica,getintoaDayZerosituation—whenthecity'stapswouldgodrybecauseitsreservoirs（水库）wouldbecomedangerouslylowonwater?ThecitygetsitswaterfromsixreservoirsinWesternCapeprovince,whichusually_____41_____duringtherainyseason,fromMaythroughAugust.Butsince2015theregionhasbeensufferingfromtheworstdrought（干旱）inacentury,andthewaterinthosereservoirs_____42_____tremendously.Compoundingtheproblem,CapeTown'spopulationhasgrownsubstantially,increasing_____43_____.Thecityactuallydidaprettygoodjobbyreducingleaksinthesystem,amajorcauseofwaterwaste,andhasevenwonawardsforits_____44_____policies.ButthegovernmentofSouthAfricawasslowtodeclareanationaldisasterintheareashithardestbythedrought,pavingthewayfortherecent_____45_____.CapeTownisnot_____46_____.Since2014southeasternBrazilhasbeensufferingitsworstwatershortagein80years,_____47_____decreasedrainfall,forestationandotherfactors.AndmanycitiesinIndiadonothaveaccesstomunicipalwaterformorethanafewhoursaday,ifatall._____48_____,thecityofShimlaranoutofdrinkingwaterinMay,urginglocalstobegtouriststostayawayfromthepopularHimalayansummerresort.IntheU.S.,thesituationissomewhatbetter,butmanyurbancentersstill_____49_____waterproblems.Californiansrecentmultiyeardroughtledtosomeofthestate'sdriestyearsonrecord.Sinceabouthalfofthestate'surbanwaterusageisforlandscaping,itwasabletocutbackonthatfairlyeasily.Butcitiesthatusemostoftheirwaterformoreessentialuses,suchasdrinkingwater,maynotbeso_____50_____._____51_____,stepscanbetakentoavoidurbanwatercrises.Ingeneral,a"portfolioapproach”thatreliesonmultiplewatersourcesisprobablymost_____52_____.CapeTownhasalreadybegunimplementinganumberofwaterprojects,includingtappinggroundwaterandbuildingwater-recyclingplants.Manyothercitieswillneedtorepairexistingwaterinfrastructure（基础建设）tocutdownonleakage.Cityleadersshouldbethinkingaboutmeetinglong-termneedsratherthanjustabout_____53_____requirements.Goodorganizationandfinancialaccountabilityareequallycritical.Andplanningeffortsshouldincludediversestakeholders（利益相关者）fromthecommunity.Onemajorchallengeisprovidingservicestoinformalareas,whichdevelopwithoutanygovernmentforesight.Suchregionsoften_____54_____basicresources一awell-plannedwatersupplyamongthem.TheglobalcommunityhasanopportunityrightnowtotakeactiontopreventaseriesofDayZerocrises.Ifwedon'tact,manycitiesmaysoonfaceatimewhenthereisn'tadropto_____55_____.41.A.takeover B.fillup C.makeoff D.setout42.A.decreased B.rose C.remained D.drowned43.A.likelihood B.proportion C.demand D.efficiency44.A.architecture B.agriculture C.economy D.conservation45.A.policy B.growth C.crisis D.change46.A.enough B.possible C.difficult D.alone47.A.makingupfor B.resultingfrom C.takingadvantageof D.lookinginto 48.A.Inaword B.Bycomparison C.What'sworse D.Forexample49.A.avoid B.solve C.discuss D.face50.A.passive B.purposeful C.adaptable D.reliable51.A.Similarly B.Fortunately C.Initially D.Alternatively52.A.questionable B.memorable C.effective D.confusing53.A.daily B.legal C.maximum D.normal54.A.neglect B.lack C.provide D.find55.A.drink B.pour C.place D.recordSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Agreatdealcanbelearnedfromtheactualtracesofancienthumanmovement:thefootprintsofearlyhominids（原始人类）.Thebest-knownspecimens（标本）aretheremarkabletracksdiscoveredatLaetoli,Tanzania,byMaryLeaky.Thesewereleftbysmallhominidsaround3.6to3.75millionyearsago.ExaminationoftheshapeoftheprintsrevealedtoMaryLeakeythatthefeethadaraisedarch,aroundedheel（脚跟），apronouncedball,andabigtoethatpointedforward.Thesefeatures,togetherwiththeweight-bearingpressurepatterns,resembledtheprintsofupright-walkingmodemhumans.Thepressuresimposedalongthefoot,togetherwiththelengthofstep,whichaveraged87centimeters,indicatedthatthehominidshadbeenwalkingslowly.Inshort,allthedetectablefeaturesimpliedthatthefeetthatleftthefootprintswereverylittledifferentfromthoseofcontemporaryhumans.Adetailedstudyhasbeenmadeoftheprintsusingphotogrammetry,atechniqueforobtainingmeasurementsthroughphotographs,whichcreatedadrawingshowingallthecurvesandshapesoftheprints.Theresultemphasizedthattherewereatleastsevenpointsofsimilaritywithmodemprints,suchasthedepthoftheheelimpression,andthedeepimprintofthebigtoe.Footprintsthusprovideusnotmerelywithrareimpressionsofthesofttissueofearlyhominids,butalsowithevidenceofuprightwalkingthatinmanywaysisclearerthancanbeobtainedfromtheanalysisofbones.Thestudyoffossilfootprintsisnotrestrictedtoexamplesfromsuchremoteperiods.Hundredsofprintsareknown,forexample,inFrenchcavesdatingfromtheendofthelastIceAge,approximately10,000yearsago.ResearchbyLeonPaleshasprovidedinformationaboutthisperiod.56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.ThecareerofMaryLeakey.B.Theanalysisoffootprintspecimens.C.Accuratedatingofhominidremains.D.Behavioralpatternsofearlyhumans.57.Thefigureof87centimetersmentionedinparagraph2referstothesizeofthe_________.A.hominidsfeetB.hominidsbodiesC.stepstakenbythehominidsD.objectscarriedbythehominids58.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"heelimpression"inparagraph3?A.Toindicatetheweightofearlyhominids.B.Toemphasizethesizeofthehominidsfoot.C.Tohintatapossibleinjurythehominidhadsuffered.D.Togiveanexampleofsimilaritytomodemhumanfootprints.59.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthefootprintsfoundinFrenchcavesmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.TheyshowmoredetailsthantheLaetoliprints.B.TheyarenotasinformativeastheLaetoliprints.C.TheyareofmorerecentoriginthantheLaetoliprints.D.TheyaremoredifficulttostudythantheLaetoliprints（B）Theelementsotherthanhydrogenandhelium（氮气）existinsuchsmallquantitiesthatitisaccuratetosaythattheuniversesomewhatmorethan25percentheliumbyweightandsomewhatlessthan25percenthydrogen.Astronomershavemeasuredtheamountofheliumthroughoutourgalaxy（星系）andinothergalaxiesaswell.Heliumhasbeenfoundinoldstars,inrelativelyyoungones,andinthedistantobjectsknownasquasars.Heliumnucleihavealsobeenfoundincosmicraysthatfallontheearth（cosmic"rays”arenotreallyaformofradiation;theyconsistofrapidlymovingparticles（颗粒）ofnumerousdifferentkinds）.Itdoesn'tseemtomakeverymuchdifferencewheretheheliumisfound.Itsamountneverseemstovarymuch.Insomeplaces,theremaybeslightlymoreofit;inothers,slightlyless,buttheproportionofheliumtohydrogennucleialwaysremainsaboutthesame.Heliumiscreatedinstars.Infact,nuclearreactionsthatturnhydrogentoheliumareresponsibleformostoftheenergythatstarsproduce.However,theamountofheliumthatcouldhavebeenproducedinthismannercanbecalculated,anditturnsouttobenomorethanafewpercent.Theuniversehasnotexistedlongenoughforthisfiguretobesignificantlygreater.Consequently,iftheuniverseissomewhatmorethan25percentheliumnow,thenitmusthavebeenabout25percentheliumatatimenearthebeginning.However,whentheuniversewaslessthanoneminuteold,noheliumcouldhaveexisted.Calculationsindicatethatbeforethistimetemperaturesweretoohighandparticlesofmatterweremovingaroundmuchtoorapidly.Itwasonlyaftertheone-minutepointthatheliumcouldexist.Bythistime,theuniversehadcooledsufficiently.Butthenuclearreactionsthatledtotheformationofheliumwentonforonlyarelativelyshorttime.Bythetimetheuniversewasafewminutesold,heliumproductionhadeffectivelyceased.60.Accordingtothepassage,heliumis_________ .A.difficulttodetectB.theoldestelementintheuniverseC.acommonelementinquasarsD.thesecondelementintheuniverseinamount61.Whydoestheauthormention"cosmicrays"inparagraph2?A.Toexplainhowtheuniversebegan.B.Aspartofalistofthingscontaininghelium.C.Asanexampleofanunsolvedastronomicalpuzzle.D.Toexplaintheabundanceofhydrogenintheuniverse.62.Mostoftheheliumintheuniversewasformed_________.A.ininvisiblespaceB.inaveryshorttimeC.beforemostofthehydrogenD.duringthefirstminuteoftheuniverse'sexistence（C）EveryyearmillionsofbreedingmonarchbutterfliesintheU.S.andsouthernCanadasearchformilkweedplantsonwhichtolaytheireggs.Concernovershrinkinghabitat（居住地）hasurgedconservationiststocreatemonarch-friendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenoughwithinthebutterfliesrangeandusuallypubliclyowned.Buttrafficnoisestressesmonarchcaterpillarsout,anewstudyfinds.Theyeventuallydobecomedesensitizedtoit—butthatmightcausetroubletothemlateron,too.Noisepollutionisknowntoaffectthelivesofbirds,whalesandothercreatures.Butuntilrecently,scientistshadnevertestedwhetheritleadstoastressresponseininsects.WhenAndyDavis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadsidemonarchcaterpillarsapparentlytremblingascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoisemightaffectthem.Davisbuiltacustomcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintoamicroscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillars'heartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsoftrafficsoundsinthelaboratory.Theheartsofcaterpillarsexposedtohighwaynoisefortwohoursbeat17percentfasterthanthoseofcaterpillarsinasilentroom.Buttheheartratesofthenoise-exposedgroupreturnedtobaselinelevelsafterhearingthetrafficsoundsnonstopfortheirentire12-daydevelopmentperiod,DavisandhiscolleaguesreportedinMayinBiologyLetters.Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbecomeadults,Davissays.Arapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwo-monthjourneytospendwintersinMexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredators（捕食者）andfightwindcurrents.Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs'survivalratesremainsunknown,notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies'deathratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars."Thereissomuchpotentialroadhabitatformonarchsandotherinsects一itwouldbesuchanicethingtocapitalizeon,”Norrissays."Butyoujustcan'tgetaroundthetraffic.”Davisadds:"Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon'tmix.”63.By"Theyeventuallydobecomedesensitizedtoit",thewritermeansthat A.monarchcaterpillarsreactlessstronglytonoiseB.monarchcaterpillarsarestressedoutbyroadnoiseC.conservationistsareworriedaboutbutterflieshabitatD.conservationistsnolongercreatemonarch-friendlyspaces64.WhatinspiredAndyDavistoexploretheeffectofnoiseonmonarchcaterpillars?A.Therehadbeenlittleresearchonmonarchcaterpillars.B.Videosshowedcarscrashedintomonarchcaterpillars.C.Therewasnosuchrecordofmonarchcaterpillars'heartrates.D.Hefoundthatmonarchcaterpillarsshookwithcarsmovingby.65.AccordingtoAndyDavis,howwillexposuretonoiseinfluencemonarchbutterflies?A.Theyarelikelytoneedmoretimetodevelop.B.Theyarelikelytolosetheirwayontheirjourney.C.Theyaremorelikelytobekilledintheirmigration.D.Theyaremorelikelytodiebeforetheybecomeadults.66.WhatisRyanNorrismostlikelytoagreewith?A.Monarchs5survivalratesaredecreasingeachyear.B.Itisnotrecommendedthatroadsidehabitatbebuiltforinsects.C.Morecapitalisneededtostudymonarchs?developmentalperiod.D.Butterflies’risingdeathrateshavenothingtodowithmovingcars.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Theearlysuccessofthekioskssuggeststhat,atleastwhenorderingfastfood,customersprizespeedoverhigh-touchcustomerservice.B.Businessownersinsistthatrobotswilltakeoverworkthatisdirty,dangerous,orjustdull,enablinghumanstofocusonothertasks.C.Thebetterhopeforworkersmightbethatautomationhelpsthefood-serviceindustrycontinuetodevelop.D.Butovertime,customersreliedlessfrequentlyonthegreeters.E.Thecostofmachineshasfallensignificantlyinrecentyears,dropping40percentsince2005.F.Thishastypicallybeenthestoryofautomation:Technologyeliminatesoldjobs,butitalsocreatesnewones.IronCooksRobotshavearrivedinAmericanrestaurantsandhotelsforthesamereasonstheyfirstarrivedonfactoryfloors._________67_________Labor,meanwhile,isgettingexpensive,assomecitiesandstatespasslawsraisingtheminimumwage.“Wethinkwe'vehitthepointwherelabor-wageratesarenowmakingautomationofthosetasksmakealotmoresense,"BobWright,thechiefoperationsofficerofthefast-foodchainWendy's,saidinaconferencecallwithinvestorslastFebruary,referringtojobsthatfeature"repetitiveproductiontasks."Wendy'sandMcDonald'sareintheprocessofinstallingself-servicekiosks（售货亭）inlocationsacrossthecountry,allowingcustomerstoorderwithoutevertalkingtoanemployee._________68_________ TheinternationalchainCaliBurger,forexample,willsooninstallFlippy,arobotthatcanmake150burgersanhour.JohnMiller,theCEOofCaliGroup,whichownsthechain,saysemployeesdon'tlikeworkinginthekitchen.Oncetherobotsaresweatingthere,humanemployeeswillbefreetointeractwithcustomersinmore-targetedways,bringingthemextranapkinsandaskingthemhowthey'reenjoyingtheirburgers.Howmanyemployees,though,doyouneedworkinginthecafe?69WillcompanieslikeCaliBurgerseesufficientvalueinemployinghumangreetersandsoup-and-sandwichdelivererstokeepthosepositionsaroundlong-term?TheexperienceofEatsamaybeinstructive.Thestart-uprestaurant,basedinSanFrancisco,allowscustomerstoorderitsquinoabowlsandsaladsontheirsmartphoneoranin-storetabletandthenpickuptheirorderfromawhitewallofcubbies（小房间）一anAutomatfortheappage.Initially,twogreeterswerestationedalongsidethecubbiestowelcomeanddirectcustomers._________70_________Sothecompanynowemploysasinglegreeterinitsrestaurants.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AdvertisingObjectivesWhendevelopingasuccessfuladvertisingcampaign,marketersmustfirstsetanadvertisingobjective.Theobjectiveisthepurposefortheadvertisingcampaign.Therearefourmainadvertisingobjectives—toinform,topersuade,tocompare,ortoremind.Companiesuseinformativeadvertisingtogiveinformationaboutanewtypeofproduct.Inthiscase,thepurposeistoincreasedemandforthenewproduct.DVDplayersareagoodexample.Thefirstsellersoftheseproductshadtotellconsumersaboutthequalityandconvenienceofthenewproduct.Bigsalessoonfollowed.However,informativeadvertisingdoesn'tworksowellwhentherearemanycompanieswiththesamekindofproduct.Thisisbecauseconsumersalreadyknowthenormalfeaturesoftheproduct.Instead,theyneedtoseehowonecompany'sversionisbetterthanalltheothers.Thiskindofadvertisingiscalledpersuasiveadvertising.Forinstance,whenDVDplayersbecamecommon,Sonybegantryingtopersuadecustomersthatitsbrandhasthebestqualityfortheirmoneytokeepsaleshigh.Comparativeadvertisingalsotriestopersuade.Thusitisreallyakindofpersuasiveadvertising.Inthis,acompanycomparesitsbrandwithoneormoreotherbrands.Comparativeadvertisinghasbeenusedforproductsfromsoftdrinkstocarrentalsandcreditcards.AnexampleisAvis,acarrentalcompany,whichcompareditselfwithitsbiggerrivalHertzbyclaiming,“We'renumbertwo,