2023版高考英语二轮复习专题强化练（五）（含解析）

2020版高考英语二轮复习专题强化练（五）（含解析）PAGE23-专题强化练(五)阅读七选五Passage1(2022·山东临沂高三模拟)ThemanwhocouldseethefutureTheabilitytopredictthefutureisararetalent.AmericanauthorIsaacAsimov(1920—1992),oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,hadsuchatalent.____1__Nowthatwe'rehere,let'sseewhathegotright.____2__Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletotheindustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentury.Specifically,hesaidthat“mobilecomputerizedobjects〞wouldbeanimportantpartofeverydaylife.Here,heclearlypredictedourworldofsmartphones,tablesandotherdevices.Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration.____3__HowdidAsimovdevelophisspecialsenseoffuturedevelopments？__4__Hereadthenewspapersandmagazinessoldinhisparents'candystore.HisscientificinterestgainedsharperfocusatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Asimovwenttostudychemistry,butbecameboredwithpurelaboratoryscience.Instead,hethoughthardaboutthesocialimplications(作用)ofscience.Hewantedtocommunicatehisideastothepublic.__5__Asimovhadhisfingeronthepulse(脉搏)ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGalacticEmpireseries(?银河帝国系列?)．“Hispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinating，〞CalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.“Hewasagenius.〞A．Asasmartboy,Asimovtaughthimselftoreadattheageoffive.B．Spaceexplorationreallycanmakeourlifemoreconvenientandcomfortable.C．Backin1983,hewasaskedtopredictwhattheworldwouldlooklikein2022.D．Ontherolethatcomputingwouldplayinthefuture,hewasamazinglyaccurate.E．Asimovhasdevelopedagreatinterestincomputerprogrammingsincechildhood.F．Asanauthor,hisbookswouldfeaturethethemeofsocialchangecausedbytechnology.G．TheInternationalSpaceStationproveshispredictionthatwewouldnotsimplyvisitspacebutseektostaythere.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科幻大师阿西莫夫和他的预言的准确性以及他是如何培养他对未来开展的特殊意识的。1．解析：由“AmericanauthorIsaacAsimov(1920—1992),oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,hadsuchatalent.____1__Nowthatwe'rehere,let'sseewhathegotright.〞可知，美国作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫(1920—1992)是他那个时代最伟大的科幻作家之一，他有这样一种天赋。以及后文“让我们看看他预测对了什么〞可推知，空格处在本段中起承上启下的作用。故C选项“早在1983年，他就被要求预测2022年的世界会是什么样子〞承上启下。故C选项切题。答案：C2．解析：由“Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletotheindustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentury〞可知，阿西莫夫认为计算机将引发一场与19世纪工业革命相当的革命，根据第一段可知，下面是讲阿西莫夫预测的结果，故D选项“关于计算机在未来将所扮演的角色。他惊人准确地预测了〞是说明他预测的计算机的结果，与本段内容符合，故D选项切题。答案：D3．解析：由“Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration〞可知，关于太空探索，他也预测了。所以空格处要接着说他预言的结果。故G选项“国际空间站证明了他的预言，我们不仅要拜访太空，还要设法留在那里〞与太空探索相关，且是预测结果。故G选项切题。答案：G4．解析：由“Hereadthenewspapersandmagazinessoldinhisparents'candystore〞可知，他读了父母糖果店出售的报纸和杂志。所以空格处要与下一句一起来说明阿西莫夫是如何培养他对未来开展的特殊意识的。故A选项“作为一个聪明的孩子，阿西莫夫在五岁时就开始自学〞承上启下。故A选项切题。答案：A5．解析：由“Asimovhadhisfingeronthepulse(脉搏)ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGalacticEmpireseries(?银河帝国系列?)．‘Hispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinating，’CalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.‘Hewasagenius.’〞(阿西莫夫将手指放在科学和社会变革的脉搏上。他在?银河帝国?系列等作品中清楚地呈现了人类即将面临的困境。英国作家卡鲁姆·蔡斯对英国播送公司说：“他是个天才。〞)可知，本段主要在说作为一名作家，他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题，故F选项“作为一名作家，他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题〞是本段主题句。故F选项切题。答案：FPassage2(2022·河南新乡高三质量检测)WhyStandinLineonBlackFriday?Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.Atarestaurant.__1__ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed(认领)weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.__2__“ThesequeuesarequitedifferentthantheusualannoyingoneswecomeacrossdaytodayattheATMorinthesubway，〞saidRichardLarson,aprofessoratMITwhohasspentyearsstudyinglinebehavior.“Onceayear，〞hesaid,“thelinesareexciting.They'rethekindyoumighttellyourgrandchildrenabout.〞____3__BillieLeClere,45,wasfirstinlineonThursdayatWalmartinManchester,Iowa.ShesaidshewasaregularBlackFridayshopper.Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.Sheandherhusbandhadrecentlyseparated,andhehadtakentheoldTVearlierthatday.“Themarriagedied,nottheTV，〞shesaid.__4__“It'sgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthat'snewer－andit'smine,nothis.〞__5__Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.The“gottahaveit〞atmospheremakespeoplemoreanxious.Sometimesthebehaviourofthequeueturnsviolent.Therefore，linestestpatience，personalspaceespeciallyonBlackFriday,whenthecrowdscanbeoverwhelming(势不可挡的)．A．Shoppersareexcitedtobuygifts.B．ButonBlackFriday,it'sanexperience.C．Moreover,thecrowdsarequeuingforgooddeals.D．Manyfamiliesarequeuingtochatwitheachother.E．Theexperiencegaveherasenseofaccomplishment.F．Theyaretryingtoturntheexperienceintoanadventure.G．Thebehaviourofpeopleinlineshasinspireddecadesofresearch.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们为什么要在黑色星期五排队。1．解析：根据前面“Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.Atarestaurant.〞(排队是一种痛苦。在邮局、在售票处、在餐馆)，可知，这里为转折关系。但在黑色星期五，这是一种体验。应选B。答案：B2．解析：根据前面“ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed(认领)weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.〞所举的百思买和沃尔玛两个例子可知，他们(购置者)试图把这次经历变成一次冒险。应选F。答案：F3．解析：根据后面举的例子及“Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.〞(但今年，她带着一个明确的目标来了：买一台廉价的新电视。)中的关键词agooddeal提示可知，此外，人们正在排队买廉价货。应选C。答案：C4．解析：根据前句“‘Themarriagedied,nottheTV，’shesaid.〞(她说：“婚姻结束了，而不是电视。〞)和后句“It'sgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthat'snewer－andit'smine,nothis.〞(要是能有个新鲜点的东西就好了——而且是我的，不是他的)可知，这次(购物)经历给了她一种成就感。应选E。答案：E5．解析：这里是本段的主题句。根据后句“Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.〞下面是两个典型的结果，可知，排队的人的行为引起了几十年的研究。应选G。答案：GPassage3(2022·山东青岛高三模拟)Weallhavedays,orevenweeks,onthejobwhenourproductivitydeclines.Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyou'rewastingtimeratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand.__1__．TurnoffyourcellphoneIfyou'reeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone.__2__．Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.OrganizeyourcalendarIt'seasytowastetimewhenyoudon'thaveapresetscheduleoutliningyourdaysatwork.Butifyou'reguiltyofnotmaximizingyourtimeattheoffice,it'llhelptocreateadailycalendarwithblocksoftimeforvarioustasks.Organizeyourspace____3__．Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.Throwawaypapersyoudon'tneed,fileessentialdocumentsinsomesortoforder,andmakeyoursuppliesmoreaccessible.BuildinbreaksSometimeswewastetimeatworkbytalkingtocolleagues,checkingtextmessages,orsurfingtheinternetbecauseourmindsneedabreakfromtheconstantwork.Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyou'dbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise.__4__．Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenotice—andthat'sagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobatrisk.__5__Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.A．Askyourmanagerforpermissiontousehisoffice.B．Hereareafewstepsyoucantaketostopwastingtimeatwork.C．Instead,cleanupyouractandkeepsearchingforwaystobemoreefficient.D．Givefamilymembersandclosefriendsawaytoreachyouinanemergency.E．Conversationsintheofficearefarmoreinterestingthantheworkyouaredoing.F．Amessyworkplacecanmakeyouinefficientevenwhenyou'retryingtodobetter.G．Thisway,you'llgetthatneedoutofyoursystemsoyoucanthengobacktoconcentrating.【语篇解读】本文是一篇社会类说明文。工作效率太低怎么办？试试这4种方法。1．解析：根据前句“Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyou'rewastingtimeratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand.〞但如果你的产出效率在持续下降，可能是因为你在浪费时间而非专注于手头上的重要工作，及下文内容可知，这里为承上启下句，这有一些建议可以使你在工作中减少时间的浪费。应选B。答案：B2．解析：根据前句“Ifyou'reeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone.〞(当你不想在办公室继续浪费时间，那就关掉你的)和后句“Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.〞(只在休息时间翻开)，可知，在紧急情况下，给你的家人和亲密的朋友一个联系你的方法。应选D。答案：D3．解析：根据小标题Organizeyourspace(整理你的空间)，和后句“Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.〞(如果你的办公桌乱糟糟的，挤出点时间把它整理一下)，可知，即使你想做得更好，但凌乱的工作环境会让你效率低下。应选F。答案：F4．解析：根据前句“Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyou'dbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise.〞可知如果这听起来像你(的情况)，那么你最好安排一些休息时间，这样，你就可以得到休息，同时也可以重新集中注意力。应选G。答案：G5．解析：根据前句“Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenotice—andthat'sagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobatrisk.〞(你在工作中浪费的时间越多，你的经理和同事就越容易注意到——这是一个伤害你声誉和使你的工作处于危险中的好方法)，和后句“Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.〞(这样做可能会让你从忙碌的夜晚中解脱出来)，可知，相反，清理你的行为，继续寻找更有效的方法。应选C。答案：CPassage4(2022·深圳高三调研)LearntoCiteSources(引用资料)Duringyouruniversityeducation,you'llbeexposedtoideasandscientifictheoriesofscholarsandscientists.Unavoidably,yourownideaswillbeshapedbytheideasyoucomeacross.__1__Thatmeansyoushouldgobeyondwhatyoulearninyourtextbooksorinthelibrary.Youroriginalworkisthebasisforyourprofessor'sevaluationofyourperformance.Thus,academichonestyisfundamentalinyouruniversityeducation.Itdemandsthatyoucitethesourcematerialsyoubaseyourownworkon.__2__Correctlycitingyoursourceshelpsyoudistinguishyourownideasfromthoseofotherscholars.Onthereaders'side,itpermitsareadertodeterminethedepthofyourresearch.__3__Onthecontrary,lackofcitingwillonlyraiseyourreader'sdoubt.Soyouneedtolearnwhentociteandhowtoprovideanadequateoraccuratereferencelist.Ifyoufailtociteyoursources,whetherdeliberatelyorcarelessly,youwillbefoundresponsibleforplagiarism(抄袭).__4__Ifyouarenotsure,askyourprofessorforguidancebeforesubmittingthepaperorreport.Keepinmindthisgeneralrule:whenindoubt,cite!__5__Forexample,studentsfromEastAsiamaythinkthatcopyingdirectlyfromsourcesistheproperwaytodoresearch.StudentsinFrance,preparingforthefinalexamination,maybeencouragedtomemorizewholepassagesandcopythemintopapers.Thoseculturaldifferencescanleadtofalseassumptionsaboutacademicexpectationsinthecountryyoustudyin.A．Someuniversitystudentsmaycheatindifferentways.B．Theseincludeotherscholars'ideas,figures,graphsandsoon.C．Theacademicchallengeyoufaceistomakesomethingoriginal.D．Often,studentswanttouseothers'opinionstosupporttheirownessays.E．Italsoallowsareadertoappreci