2016年英语二真题纯考场排版考研

（科目代☆考生注意事项答题前，考生须在试题册制定位置上填写考生编号和考生；在答题卡选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。（书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔记清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。（以下信息考生必须认真填写是考研英语的，市面上各类模拟题（包括名师冲刺预测试卷），都只能仿的风格，质一、资料说排版和背单 介绍详情可“本资料按排版和背单 介绍详情可“考研”内回 查看经反馈得知英语试卷排版非统一，有若干省份本页面非空考研”内回 查看二、考研英语题材命组老师使的材料均选英美主流或书籍整体言，考研语较多采用济、教育、阅读理解的篇章时，文字的表述要有曲折，才好设置题目。文章中若有“超纲”词，或过于专业的术语，命题老师会将其替换或做适当解释，以便考生顺利阅读。三、考研英语两种刷题方1、在初始阶段，建议考生按照题型来进行训练，每做完一部分题目就分析对错，无论是否做对所要解决是：这个试考的是什？为什么这样问？我为么会 答？这个阶会露出你的弱点。然后可以在接下来的时间里进行针对性的复习，主攻自己的薄弱环节。2（通常是下午的14:00—17:00将整套题做完，再对照答案进行分析。这个阶段重点是测试我们的快速阅读能力和语篇分析能力，也就是我们的思维训练能否适应考研英语的要求。四、考研英语题趋考研英语命题不会发生大的变化，在未来相当长的一段时间里,考研英语会继续保持目前的模 ，因为语篇都在变化，但命题思路和题目设置是稳定的。考生需要通过着重分析命题人的思路以及干扰项常见特征，逐步总结出一套完整的各类题考研伴君金榜题名！201881Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreativeandwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firm’swork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsforthefutureTheresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould5 thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness6 byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.7enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbtweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors13to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappiness17thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19 executivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.英语（二）试 .1 （共14页1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A]In[B]In[C]In[D]In3.[A][B][C]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A][B][C][D]7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C]14.[A][B][C]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A]pray[B]lean[C]give[D]sendSection ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextIt’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers-butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypothesesItsnotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethem esnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’s epopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelosuggestsmoviesbasedonyourThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenext.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn-howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults-applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes-fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant-theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat-thebetter.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasier completefuturejobremodelthewayofformulatelogicalperfectartworkIndeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsidered careeracademicDeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatiron helpstudentslearnothercomputerhavetobeupgradedwhennewneedimprovingwhenstudentslookforenablestudentstomakbigquickAccordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpected bringforthinnovativecomputerstaylongerintheinformationtechnologyebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedcompetewithafuturearmyofTheword“coax”(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaning TextBiologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’historicrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”taggavethefederalernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwestern ernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken’sUndertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopuationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AndigivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies，”Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourtNotsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;environmentalistssayitdoesn’tgofarenough“Thefederalernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandownersThe“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit[A]wasagive-into ernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpoliciesItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutediftheyagreetopayasumforcompensation[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperationsAccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin[A]thefederal [C]thelandowners[D]thestatesJayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallengeTextThateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There’sneveranytimetoread.Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneedThemodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption”.Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelyby ingmoreefficient.Infact,“ ingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobeisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime”.Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreading esthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedropbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’twork whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernwhatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivewhatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwithwhatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeThe“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressure updatetheirto-domakepassingtimecarrytheirplanspursuecarefreeEberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreading encouragetheefficiencymind-developonlinereadingpromoteritualisticachieveimmersive“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canwork esyourprimarybusinessoftheallthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtyouareabletodropbacktobusinessaftertimecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandThebesttitleforthistextcould HowtoEnjoyEasyHowtoFindTimetoHowtoSetReadingHowtoReadTextAgainstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionaltonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelyhanolderadultstoprioritize alfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceatougherclimbthanearliergenerationsinreachingsuchsignpostachievementsassecuringagood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid.”Ican’taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen.”Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees,”Schneidersaid.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.”Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullife tryingoutdifferenthavingafamilywithworkingretirementsettingupaprofitableItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletend favoraslowerlifeholdanoccupationattachimportancetopre-maritalgiveprioritytochildcareoutsidetheTheprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoung eincreasinglyfocusonmaterialisticdependlargelyonpoliticalreachalmostallaspectsofAmericanBothyoungandoldagree good-payingjobsarelesstheoldmademorelifehousingloanstodayareeasytogettingestablishedisharderfortheWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutHefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromHisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforHisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegeHethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitePartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)BeHaveAskforDon'toverthinkBeeasilyNoticeExpressyourActYourShoeSizeNotYourAsadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon'tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.that'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeelappropriay,andthen-againlikechildren-move.AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhich,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonhappinesslevels.Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith---work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,spo