大学英语精读第三版第二册unit6

Unit6

Themaking

ofasurgeonPre-readingText-learning

After-readingExercises1Pre-reading1.Adoctor’slife2.Asuccessfulsurgeon3.Howtobecomeadoctor4.Threetypesofdoctors21.Whatdoyouthinkofadoctor’slife?Itisbusy,stable,cleanexhausting,well-paid,respectable,responsible,etc.2.Whatmakesasuccessfulsurgeon?MedicalKnowledge,senseofduty,self-confidence,richexperience,etc.Beforereading3

3.DoyouknowhowmanystepstobecomearealdoctorinAmerica?

1)toattend4yearsofcollegetoobtain abachelor’sdegree 2)followedby4yearsofmedicalschool 3)aninterninahospital 4)aresidentatahospital 5)selectedtobe achiefresident4

4.ThreeTypesofDoctorsGeneralPractitionersSpecialistsResearchers

back5Text-learning1.Firstreading3.Languagepoints2.FurtherUnderstandingQuestionsandAnswersForPartIForPartIIQuestionsandAnswersForPartIIIMultipleChoice6Firstreading:5-10minutestoexaminethetitleandgooverthetextasfastestasyoucanandthendoexerciseIIComprehensionoftheText.7Whenhecansaytohimself,“ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently,treatjustaswellasorbetterthananyothersurgeon”—then,andnotuntilthenisheindeedasurgeon.QuestionsandAnswersHowdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?1.WhatquestiondidDr.Nolenaskhimselfastheyearofhischiefresidencycametoanend?Hisanswerwasself-confidence.2.Whatwashisanswer?3.Whencanadoctorsaytohimselfthatheisindeedasurgeon?Directions:Gothroughthefirsttwoparagraphsandanswerthefollowingquestions.8MultipleChoices1.Whenhefirstbecamearesident,Dr.Nolenhadtroublegoingtosleepbecause____________.A)hewasnotconfidentthathehadmadearightdecisionB)hewasnervousaboutwhatwouldhappentootherdoctorsC)hewaswaitingfortheemergencycallD)hewasreviewingallthefactsofacertaincaseKEY2.Inthelastmonthofhisresidency,sleepingwasnolongeraproblembecause___________.A)hehasgotusedtotheemergencycallsB)hehaslearnedtomakenomistakesC)hehasgainedconfidenceinhimselfD)hewassurethatthedecisionshehadmadewereallsoundonesKEY93.Whatcanyouinferfromthesentence“Ihadsweatedthroughmyshareofstabwoundsofthebelly,ofpuncturedlungs,ofcompoundfractures”?A)Theauthorhasdoneallkindsofsurgicaloperations.B)Theauthorwasverybusyeveryday.C)Theauthorwasnervousindealingwiththeseoperations.D)Theauthorfoundhisworkveryexciting.KEY4.Nowtheauthorhaslearnedto__________.A)takethesoleresponsibilityforthemistakeinjudgmentB)avoidmakingmistakesinjudgmentC)anticipatetheprobleminadvanceD)takeiteasywhenhehasmadeamistakeKEY5.AccordingtoDr.Nolenasurgeonneedsconceitto____________.A)answertheemergencycallsB)bringhimthroughtimesofdoubtanduncertaintyC)performadifficultoperationD)livewithhismistakesinjudgmentKEY10QuestionsandAnswersWhatdoestheauthorwanttoemphasizeinthelastpart?Conceitencouragesadoctorintryingmoments.11making:n.只有艰苦的工作才能造就他。1)theprocessofbeingmadeorcomingintobeing2)thequalitiesneededHehasthemakingsofadoctor.Hardworkwillbethemakingofhim.Einsteinhadinhimthemakingsofagreatscientist.Languagepoints12Collocation:

makebelieve假装；假扮makefor匆匆走向；扑向makeout写出；辨认出；理解makeup补充；捏造，编造；组成makeupfor补偿；弥补13Keysentences1.在我任住院主任医师的那一年快要结束的时候，我不止一次地问过自己这个问题。14conclude:

vt.1)cometobelieveafterconsiderationofknownfactsThejuryconcludedthatthemanwasnotguilty.医生们经过讨论，认为病人太虚弱，不宜手术。Doctorsconcludedafterthediscussionthatthepatientwastooweaktobeoperatedon.2)

comeorbringtoanendHeconcludedhisspeechbysaying“thankyou”.我们8点结束了会议。

Weconcludedthemeetingat8o’clock.15Conclude的名词形式是conclusion。conclusion常与下面的动词、介词搭配，如：arriveatconclusioncometoaconclusion得出结论drawaconclusionreachaconclusioninconclusion综上所述，总之jumptoaconclusion轻率地下结论16encounter:vt.meetunexpectedly,befacedwith(somethingbad,especiallyadangerordifficulty)Iencounteredanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.他们在旅行中遇到许多困难。Theyencounteredmanydifficultiesduringtheirtrip.17CF:encounter&meet这两个动词都有“碰到、遇到”的意思。encounter注重强调一种偶然和意外，还强调遭遇之意。meet是常用词，不如encounter正式。1.Manymenwerelostintheforestwhenthey____________alion.2.Itwassokindofyoutocomeallthewayto________us.3.They____________theenemyinborderclashes.(冲突)

encounteredmeetencountered18resolve:vt.1)解决两国的纠纷已经和平解决了。Thedisputebetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenresolvedpeacefully.2)decideordetermine他决心要成功。Heresolvedtosucceed.19CF:resolve&solve这两个动词均含“解决”之意。resolve

主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或找到解决途径。例如：TheCabinetmettoresolvethecrisis.内阁开会以解决危机。solve普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的答复。例如：那位教师教他的学生解数学方程式。Theteacherteacheshisstudentstosolveamathematicalequation.20handle:vt.dealwith;treatormanage一位称职的老师应该知道如何管理学生。Aqualifiedteachershouldknowhowtohandlestudentsinclass.我们俩都会骑自行车了。Webothcanhandleourbicycles.21CF:handle,manage,dealwith&copewith这些动词或短语都含有“处理，对付”之意。handle

从原义“手柄”，引申作“处理”解 时，意思是管理和操纵。manage 指处理日常事务与工作， 也可指经营管理。dealwith

既可指处理具体事情,也可指 处理或解决具有抽象意义的问题。

copewith

指成功地处理或对付更为重大， 更为严重的问题或事物。22CF:handle,manage,dealwith&copewith这些动词或短语都含有“处理，对付”之意。I'msorryI'mlate.Ihadanurgentcallto__________.2)Kerryhasbeenaskedto________anewdepartment.3)Localauthoritieshaveto________theproblemsofhomelessness.4)Thepolice________thetrafficveryefficiently.

dealwithmanagecopewithhandle23anticipate:vt.seebeforehandDon’tanticipateyourincomebeforeyoufinishthejob.他期待着一个美丽的夜晚。Heanticipatesabeautifulevening.NB:anticipate后面不可加不定式，可跟动名词和名词。例如：你预料会有麻烦吗?Doyouanticipatemeetinganytrouble?24bother

vt.trouble,(causeto)beworried烦恼，担心

---IknewIoughttocleanthecarbutIjustcouldn’tbebothered.---Don’tbotherwiththewashing-up;leaveittome.

n.trouble;somethingthatgivestrouble烦恼；麻烦的事或人

---Wefoundtheaddresswithoutanybother.---Sorrytobesuchabother,butcouldyoushowmehowthemachineworks?25#bother,disturb,trouble&annoy

这些动词均有“使人不安或烦恼”之意。bother指使人烦恼，引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。例如：I'msorrytobotheryou,butcouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?对不起打扰一下,请问去车站怎么走?disturb较正式用词，多用被动态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。例如：Beforeclosingthedoortohisoffice,hetoldhissecretarythathewasnottobedisturbed.在关上办公室门前，他告诉秘书不要打扰他。26trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。例如：Shesuffersmemorylapsesthattroubleherchildren.她患上记忆力衰退症，这让她的孩子很忧虑。annoy 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。例如：Thesoundoffootstepsonthebarefloorannoyedthedownstairsneighbors.楼上地板传来的脚步声吵得楼下住户心烦。27treat,cure&heal都有“治疗，诊治”的意思。treat

vt.指为某人诊断治疗，强调治疗过程，不强调治疗结果。cure指治愈，治好，使病人恢复健康。heal尤指伤口痊愈，治愈。1.Whichdoctoris________herforherillness?2.Doctor_______himofhisdisease.3.Thewoundisnot_______yet.4.Itissaidthatrestinbedmay_______acold.cure5.Iwilltakethreemonthsforthebrokenboneto_______up.treatingcuredhealedcureheal28inevitably(inevitable+ly)

ad.certainly,surely必然地

---Itsworkflowisirregular;inevitably,thefactoryhaslowefficiency.---Inevitably,thepeopleatthemeetingwouldcomeoutwiththeirownideas.relax

vt&vi.(causeto)feelcalmer,lesstiredorworried,orcomfortable;calmdown;holdlesstight(使)松弛，放松

---Trainedstaffwilllookafteryourchildren,sothatyoucanrelaxandenjoyyourself.---Relax!I’mpositivethatthekidswillbebackanyminute.29conceited

(conceit+ed)

a.tooproud,tooconfident骄傲自满的，自负的

---He’sthemostconceitedandselfishpersonI’veevermet.---Iknowthissoundsconceited,butIthinkmyphotosarereallygood.sound

a.notwrong,sensible;ingoodcondition,healthy合理的，正当的；完好的，健全的

---Adammeteveryobjectionwithsoundarguments.---Iacceptedthedoctor’ssoundadviceonmyhealth.30critical

a.1)(timeorsituation)extremelyimportant决定性的，关键性的---Findingoutthecauseofthefloodisofcriticalimportance.

2)veryseriousanddangerous危急的

---Heisnowincriticalconditionandneedstobeoperatedonimmediately.

3)findingfault批评的

---Patisalwayscriticalofherson’sbehaviorinpublic.31Translation:E-C2就以我们几乎每晚都会碰到的急诊情况为例吧。323不止一次，在我躺了一个小时还睡不着之后，我会在凌晨两点钟从床上跳起来，穿好衣服，驾车去医院亲自探视病人。唯有这样我才能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静。4我一旦经过深思熟虑作出某个决定，就不再去多想它了。335当我切开病人的腹部或胸腔时，我不再紧张得瑟瑟发抖了。6甚至一年前----如果我不得不为一次判断上的失误负全责的话，我是没法容忍自己的。347我之所以能够平静的接受这一事实，是因为我知道：热过我不能避免出差错，那末换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免。8你管这叫自负也好，叫自信也罢；不管你叫它什么，反正我是有了。35Keyexpressions:drawtoaclosecometoanend,end结束

---As1998drawstoaclose,let’slookatsomeofthemajoreventsoftheyear.---Afterthefinalexamination,thetermdrewtoitsclose.36livewithacceptandendure(sth.unpleasant)接受，忍受

---Youmustlearntolivewiththesituationsinceyou’velostyourjob.---Themanagementhadtolivewiththebadconsequencesoftheirunwisedecision.我不能忍受噪音了。Ican’tlivewiththenoise.37livefor

为…而生活livehigh

过奢侈生活liveupto

遵守（诺言）；不辜负（期望）livewithoneself

保持自尊心38dwellon/uponthink,speakorwriteaboutsth.agreatdeal老是想着；详述，长谈

---Shecouldn’thelpdwellingonmemoriesofhermother.---Hedweltuponthedifficultieswemightencounterinourresearch.39beboundtodobecertaintodo;havethedutytodo一定；有义务做

---Hisnewrecordisverygood;itisboundtobeahit(走红).

---Heisrunningsofastthathe’sboundtowintherace.40inpractice1)(doctor,lawyer)atwork

(医生，律师)行医，开业

---IsDoctorJonesstillinpracticehere?

---Myelderbrotherisinpracticeasalawyer.

2)actually实际上

---Inpractice,parentshaveagreatinfluenceontheirchildren.

---Inpractice,themedicineisoflittleusetohisdisease.41inparticularespecially尤其是，特别是

---WeenjoyedvisitingBritainandthoughtthatScotlandinparticularwasverybeautiful.

---Isthereanythinginparticularthatyouwanttotalkabout?42butterfliesinthestomach

verynervous非常紧张

---Healwaysgetsbutterfliesinthestomachbeforeanexam.---WheneverIhavetomakeaspeechIgetbutterfliesinmystomach.43openup1)cutopen;open给……开刀；打开

---Weshallopenyouupandremovethediseasedbone.---ThechildrenwereallowedtoopenuptheirChristmaspresentsafterbreakfast.2)makepossible,start开放，开发，开始

---AmovetoBeijingwouldopenuptoyouallsortsofinterestingpossibilities.

---Anewlifewasopeningupbeforeheraftershecametocollege.44inadvancebeforehand,aheadoftime提前

---Sandwichisakindoffoodyoucaneasilyprepareinadvance.---Iwishyou’dtoldmeinadvancethatourflightwouldbeputoff.45sitonneglecttodealwith,delaytakingaction搁置，延迟，积压

---Forweekstheydidnothingaboutmycase:theyjustsatonit.---Theydecidedtositonthebadnewsaslongaspossible.我们不应忽视那些急需我们帮助的人。Weshouldn’tsitonthosepeoplewhoneedourhelpurgently.Isentmycomplaintstothestoremanagerjustintime,buthehadsitonitforalongtime.46Collocation:sitdown 坐下sitfor 参加situp 熬夜sitin 静坐示威sitinon 列席，旁听47After-reading1.UsefulExpressions2.Wordmatching3.Summarywriting4.Talkaboutthepictures5.Proverbsandquotations481.及时2.自信心3.即将结束4.不止一次…5.做决定6.在某一特定的情况下7.不妥当的决定8.寻找内心的平静intimeself-confidencedrawtoacloseonmorethanoneoccasionmakeadecisioninaparticularsituationapoordecisionfindthepeaceofmindUsefulExpressions

499.深思熟虑的决定10.手术室11.经常遇到的问题12.开业13.提前14.容忍15.说不定何时16.承担全部责任aconsidereddecisiontheoperatingroomaconstantproblembeinpracticeinadvanceatonetimeoranothertakesoleresponsibilityforlivewith5017.判断上的失误18.考验人的时刻19.为某人做手术20.生活中的一部分amistakeinjudgmenttryingmomentsoperateonsomeonebepartofone’slife51WordMatchingfearmeetrestsolvecorrectseebeforehandmanageunavoidabledreadencounterrelaxresolvesoundanticipatehandleinevitable52onlyannoy,troubledifficulttoleratecometoanendaheadoftimemakemistakesofsurgerysolebothertryinglivewithdrawtoacloseinadvanceerrsurgicalescapeavoid53SummaryWritingDr.Nolenbelievesthat(自信是外科医生成功的关键).Whenyoucansaytoyourself(我完全有能力治疗所有的外科病人)“,”then，andnotuntilthen,youareindeedasurgeon.Inthefirstfewmonthsoftheyear,hedreaded(听到急诊电话的铃声).Heoftenwonderedthathehadmadeapoordecision.Nowheisconfidentbothinmakingdecisionsandintheoperatingroomforheissurethat(以他的知识和经验，他可以应付遇到的所有的病例)

Moreover,heisnotafraidofmakingmistakes.Hehaslearnedto(承担判断上失误的全部责任),becausemistakesarepartofasurgeon’slife.Hehasgotconceitto(帮他度过难熬的时刻)self-confidenceisthekeytothemakingofasurgeon______________________________________________self-confidenceisthekeytothemakingofasurgeon______________________________________________ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcan’ttreatcompetently___________________________________________theringingoftheemergencycalls___________________________hehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandleanysurgicalsituationhe’dencounter___________________________________________________________________________.takesoleresponsibilityforamistakeinjudgment_____________________________________________encouragehimintryingmoments___________________________.54TalkingAboutthePicturesSelf-confidenceistheMakingofaSurgeon.Inthepast…Now…

Mistakes!No!

Theyarepartofasurgeon’slife…55ProverbsandQuotations1.Thesecretofsuccessisconstancytopurpose.成功的秘诀是目标坚定。2.Hardandhonestworkisthesurestwaytosuccess.艰辛而诚实的工作是可靠的成功之路。每个成功者的身后，都有许多不成功的岁月。3.Behindeverysuccessfulmantherearealotofunsuccessfulyears.561.Vocabularyactivities2.Enrichingyourwordpower4.Structure5.Cloze6.Translation3.Usage

Exercises57Vocabularyactivities1.livewithresolveencountersoledrawingtoacloseanticipateddweltonsatonhadbutterfliesinhisstomachconceited582.1)openup2)relaxed3)emergency4)concluded5)livewith6)atonetimeoranother597)particular8)surgery9)wassweating10)competently11)inadvance12)inpractice60Enrichingyourwordpowerabsencesilencedistancepresenceconstancyefficiencyconfidence61competenceimportanceemergencyindependencepatiencefrequencypermanenceevidence621.effi