中考英语复习-英语5大基本句型课件

英语5大基本句型BASICPATTERNSOFENGLISHSENTENCESALAN温馨提示请准备好你的笔记本、双色笔；极度的学习激情!

世界属于充满活力的人TheWorldBelongsToTheEnergetic.

Beabletoanalysisthemembersandpatternsofasentence.LearningObjectives名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句同位语从句宾语从句主语从句表语从句定语从句状语从句预备知识Subject主语?Predicate谓语?Object宾语?Predicative表语?FullVerb实义／行为动词?LinkVerb连系动词?还“简单句”呢----分不清了耶!!!郁闷死!休要担心，少要害怕，你们有ALAN,怕个Q呀！简单句（SimpleSentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子

----它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊!

英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!----呵呵,就像俺这样。句子成分

membersofasentence

构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；英语句子的基本成分有8种：主语 (subject)

谓语 (predicate)

宾语 (object)定语 (attribute)

状语 (adverbial)

补语 (complement)表语 (predicative)同位语 (Appositive)Subject主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______

。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.谓语

predicate

谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当。动词常分为实义动词，连系动词，情态动词和助动词。动词△情态动词(Modalverb)和助动词(Auxiliaryverb)不能单独充当谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词.Heisateacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.系动词(LinkVerb)3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有look,feel,smell,sound,taste.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come.He

becamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout.Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面。1.Westudy

English.

2.Ourteacher

said

thathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份，特征，状态。Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.四、表语定语：用来修饰_____。Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定语名词状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语Johnoftencametochatwithme．()Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.()Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.()Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.()Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()Hecamerunning.()程度，目的地点，伴随地点，时间让步方式原因补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语EveryonecallshimJack.

（宾补）HeiscalledJack.（主补）同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.八、同位语一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语

当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？

你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：

Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词数词从句形容词/副词介词短语分词二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyis

mybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?（）ThisistheverybookthatIneed.

（）过去分词不定式动名词从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.

（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句五、宾语补足语：IconsiderJimagoodfriend.()Ialwaysfindherhappy.()Peoplepraisedhimasahero.()IhadtheTVfixed.()Isawhimenteringthebuilding.()Whatmadeyouthinkso?()Doyouwantmetogo?()形容词名词介词短语过去分词现在分词省略掉to的不定式不定式英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)

简单句的五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋谓）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖt+IO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.SVShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.S VPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三主谓宾S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmorning.”SVOWeTheyHeShestudyareplayingenjoyssaidEnglisheveryday.football.reading.“Goodmorning.”基本句型四SV（及物）O（多指人）O（多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.SV（及物）OOIgivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapen.Ishowedhimmypicture.基本句型五S+V（及物）+O(宾语)+C（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.SV（及物）O(宾语)C（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.

按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：

简单句，并列句，复合句

e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoftengetsupearlybecausehewantstocatchtheearlybus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句

复合句

复合句翻译练习：春天时公园看起来很漂亮。Theparklooksbeautifulinspring.老师答应过和我们去看电影。Ourteacherpromisedtoseethemoviewithus.昨天我送了生日礼物给她。Isentabirthdaygifttoheryesterday.我们必须保证教室整洁。Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.男孩发现他的笔在地上。Theboyfoundhispenonthefloor.

基本句型的扩展:

e.g.

Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。

Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了老师和学生。

Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherswhowere

listeningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。

Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherswhowerelisteningtoanimportantreport

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位记者作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。madebyareporterfromthePeople'sDailyaboutcurrentaffairsinEastEurope._________________翻译：我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧目前局势的重要报告。？？？分析结构：我们发现（谓语）大礼堂fullof学生和老师（复数）

who在听（谓语）重要报告madeby一位同志from人民日报about目前局势in东欧。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherswhowerelisteningtoanimportantreportmade

byareporterfromthePeople'sDailyaboutcurrentaffairsinEastEurope.

总结：遇到长句子的翻译不着急，动笔前，仔细阅读原句，确切理解原句内容，抓住中心，搞清楚各部分之间关系，把句子缩小再缩小，缩小到只剩下五个基本句型中的主要成分，先心译，再笔译，心译过程中，要有句子时态规划，名词单复数等盘算，然后再一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整，再笔译。这种方法叫做孙悟空变金箍棒的方法：缩小缩小再缩小，放大放大再放大。练习翻译：王国平从北京大学毕业之前，他给在北京一家医院工作的爸爸写了一封信，问他是否愿意让他出国。？？？分析结构：

before他gradu