工作安全分析及工作安全观察JSAJSOtrainingcn

JOBSAFETYANALYSIS&

JOBSAFETYOBSERVATION

工作安全分析及工作安全观察

byFrankFan

Health,Safety&EnvironmentVicePresidentOct.13,2011WhyShouldWeFocusonBehaviorstoReduceInjuries?

为什么重视行为来降低意外事故之发生At-RiskBehaviorNearMissMinorInjurySeriousInjuryFatalityREACTIVEPROACTIVESESSIONOUTLINEJSAIntroduction&Procedure工作安全分析介绍及程序JSAWorkshop工作安全分析讨论JSOIntroduction&Procedure工作安全观察介绍及程序FeedbackonJSO工作安全观察的反馈ExercisewithVideo/PhotosTHESAFETYTRIANGLE安全三角形ENGINEERING工程RULES,PROCEDURES,TRAINING规则、程序、训练

BEHAVIOR行为JOBSAFETYANALYSISDefinition:Amethodofbreakingajobdownintospecificstepsortasks,identifyinghazardsassociatedwitheachstepanddeterminingtheactionstobetakeninordertopreventanincident.将工作细分为各步骤及任务，确认每一步骤有关之危害，并决定避免发生意外应采取之行动（预防措施）Requirement:Locationdepartmentmanagers,inconjunctionwiththeirareasupervision,shoulddeterminewhichJSA’seachareawillbecompleted.部门主管及各级主管决定该部门应进行工作安全分析之工序JSAPriority优先顺序Newjobsthatinvolvehazardouswork,thepotentialforanincidentormayinvolvepotentialenvironmentalimpacts.新工作流程涉及危害作业或潜在环境影响Revisedtasksinvolvinghazardousworkorpotentialenvironmentalimpacts.修订的涉及危害作业者或潜在环境影响Thosejobsresultinginpastincidentsornearmissesthroughouttheindustry.业界曾发生意外事件或近似意外事件之工作Thosejobsrepresentingagreaterpotentialforanincident.有较高的发生意外事件可能之工作Otheridentifiedhazardousworks其他危险工作ProcedureforPerformingaJSA执行工作安全分析IdentifytheStepsofJob鉴定一项工作之各个程序EstablishtheSteps建立各个工作步骤Observethejobtoidentifythehazardandtheirclauses观察分析的工作以鉴定危害性及原因EstablishingtheSteps建立各个工作步骤Describewhatisdoneusingavailableprocedures.描述采用什么工作程序Mostjobscanbebrokenintotwelve(12)stepsorless.大部分工作可以区分为12个或更少之步骤Shouldnotbetoodetailedortoobroad.不应该太详细或太笼统Reviewwithoperatortomakesurethestepsareintheproperorder.和操作人员一同讨论，以确认正确之工作顺序ListStepsonJSAWorksheet在JSA工作表上列出工作步骤ObservingtheJobtoIdentifyHazardsandTheirCauses观察分析的工作以鉴定其危害性及原因Selectanemployeetoobserve.选定一位同仁进行观察Discusswiththeselectedemployee与该选定的同仁一同讨论Identifythematerials,tools,equipment,chemicals,andprotectiveapparatusassociatedwitheachstep.鉴定各个步骤之物料、工具、设备、化学品及防护装置Identifythepotentialhazardsorincidents确认潜在的危害或事故Developsolutionstoeliminatethecausesofthepotentialincidents.发展减低潜在意外事故原因之对策ControllingtheHazardsandRisks

控制危害及风险Listtheprecautionstakentoavoidthepotentialhazard:Jobchangesolution改变工作之解决方案:Isthereanentirelydifferentorbetterwayofdoingthejob?是否有完全不同或者是更好的工作方式？Identifytheobjectivesofthejob.确认工作之目标Considerdifferenttools,materials,equipment,andmethods.考量不同的工具、材料、设备及方式Reducedorincreasedfrequency减低或增加频率:Goodforcleaningandrepairtypesofjobs.良好清理和维修工作型态Solution,instructionsandnewstepslistedontheJSAworksheet.JSA工作表所列的对策、指引和新步骤SubmittingtheJSA提交工作安全分析Checkthecontrols确认管制措施：Willcontrolspreventthepotentialhazardfromoccurring?管制措施是否可避免潜在危害之发生？Reviewcontrolswiththeemployeeobservedandareasupervision.与被观察之员工及该区域主管检讨管制措施。FinalizetheJSA工作安全分析(JSA)之定稿:Jobstepsproperlyidentified.

Listedinchronologicalorder.Identifiedtools,equipment,materials,andprotectivegear.确认工具、设备、物料及防护装置Allpotentialhazardsdeveloped,checkedandaddressed.所有潜在危害之发觉、检查及标明Reviewwithallaffectedemployees.与所有受影响员工来探讨SubmittheJSAtoareamanagement&HSEleader提交JSA给厂长及环安卫人员。JSAWorkshopInitialbylineemployee,reviewbysupervisorandHSE

练习Purpose目的:Evaluateconformancetoestablishedworkinstructionsorproceduresforaspecifictask评估已建立的工作指导书或程序的执行状况Evaluatetheadequacyoftheproceduretoprotecttheemployee对保护员工而言，评估工作程序的适当性Identifyadditionalconditions/hazardsthatmayexistinperformingthetask识别在执行工作时，可能存在额外的状况或危害Providereinforcementforsafebehaviors,compliancewithprocedures对安全行为及遵守程序进行正面鼓励及强化JobSafetyObservation工作安全观察JobSafetyObservation工作安全观察Procedure:程序SelectataskfortheJSO选择要进行工作安全观察的工作ReviewtheJSAorworkinstructionforthetask检讨该工作的工作安全分析（已建立）或工作程序书Performtheobservation进行观察Evaluateandprovidefeedback评估并进行反馈Documentresults记录观察的结果Focusonthetaskperformed,notonthepeople’sperformance/compliance观察针对工作的进行，而非对人员进行考核及惩处之依据！！ReviewJSAorworkinstruction审核工作安全分析或工作指导书

PPErequirements正确地使用个人防护具？Toolrequirements是否正确使用工具？Identifiedhazards,warnings,cautions识别危害、警告及注意事项Stepsassociatedwiththetask执行工作的步骤IfnospecificJSAorworkinstructionisavailable,discussprocedurewithemployeebrieflybeforebeginningobservation如果没有JSA或工作程序，在观察前与进行工作的员工讨论工作流程PerformtheObservation

进行观察Makesuretheemployeeunderstandswhatyouaredoing确认员工知道你在进行工作安全观察Makesureyoustayoutoftheway确认自己的安全防护 (don’tstandnexttotheHFhandlingwhentheemployeehastobeinchemicalgoggles,faceshieldandchemicalresistantclothes)

PerformtheObservationChecking:进行观察时检查

PPEuseandconditionofPPE个人防护具的使用及状况Presenceandconditionofsafetyequipmentasneeded(e.g.safetyguard)所需安全装备的状况(如安全护围)Tooluseandcondition工具的使用和状况Handlingofhazardouschemicals危险化学品的操作Performingstepsintheproperorder正确的工作进行顺序Performingalltasksteps执行所有工作步骤Potentialexposuressuchas:以下的潜在风险Strikeagainstorbestruckbyanobject被物品撞到或撞击Caughtbetweenobjects被物品钩住或夹住Over-exertionorstrains过度施力或扭伤Workpaceandposition,bending,twisting&

ergonomicsissues工作步调、位置、弯曲、扭伤及人体功效等Slips/trips/falls滑倒/跌