高中英语人教版Unit4Globalwarming unit4sectionⅲ

SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage根据提示写出下列单词1．averageadj. 平均的；普遍的；普通的2．existencen. 生存；存在3．advocatevt. 拥护；提倡；主张；支持4．circumstancen. 环境；情况5．commitmentn. 承诺；信奉；交托6．growthn. 生长；增长7．contributionn. 贡献8．disagreementn. 分歧；不一致根据提示补全下列短语1．onbehalfof 代表2．onthewhole 大体上；基本上3．putupwith 容忍4．andsoon 等等5．havelittleeffecton 对……没有多大影响6．insteadof 代替7．makeadifference 有影响8．cutdown 削减；减少根据提示补全下列教材原句1．AsI'mnotsurewheretostartwithmyproject,Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave.由于我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我希望能得到你们的建议。2．ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff!只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！3．Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials，so，ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.用新材料来做这些东西要耗费大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用再生材料制成的物品吧。阅读P30教材原文，选择最佳答案。1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．OuyangGuangisdoingaprojectonbehalfofhisschoolaboutglobalwarming.B．Individualscanhavelittleeffectonsuchhugeenvironmentalproblems.C．Wecanmakeadifferenceanddonothavetoputupwithpollution.D．Manythingswedoeverydayleadtothegrowthofthegreenhousegasintheair.2．Ifyouplanttreesinyourgardenoryourschoolyard，theycan．A．absorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandrefreshyourspiritB．reducewasteC．teachyoutobeaneducatorD．beinconvenientforyoutowalkintheyard3．WhichisNOTEarthCare'ssuggestion?A．Turnelectricalappliancesoffifyouarenotusingthem.B．Putonmoreclothesinsteadofturninguptheheat.C．Buythingsmadeofrawmaterials.D．Walkorrideabikeifyoucan.4．Whoarethewritersoftheletters?A．Aneditor. B．OuyangGuang.C．EarthCare. D．BandC.5．What'sthemainideaofthetwoletters?A．Someorganizationsshoulddosomethingaboutglobalwarming.B．Suggestionsonwhattodoaboutglobalwarming.C．Individualsneedn'tdoanythingaboutglobalwarming.D．Governmentsshouldtakemeasuresaboutglobalwarming.【答案】1—5BACDBonthewhole大体上；基本上(教材P28)Onthewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.总的来说，地球变暖是一个引起广泛关注的现象。①asawhole 作为一个整体；总体上②ingeneral 大体上；总的来说generallyspeaking 一般来说①Ianalyzedhiswordsasawhole.我是把他的言论作为一个整体来分析的。②Ingeneral,ourcarsarereliableandbreakdownsarerare.总的来说，我们的汽车很可靠，发生故障的可能性小。averageadj平均的；普遍的；普通的n.平均，平均数(教材P29)Thegreenhouseeffectgivestheearth'ssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15℃.温室效应使得地球表面的温度平均是15摄氏度。onaverage 平均来看aboveaverage 高于平均水平belowaverage 低于平均水平①Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassisfifteen.这个班级中男生的平均年龄为15岁。②Onaverage,Ispend2hoursonlineeveryday.平均起来，我每天上网2小时。③Mary'sschoolworkiswellabove(the)average.玛丽的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。existencen．生存；存在(教材P29)Lowlyingcountriesfeeltheirveryexistenceisindangerfromrisingsealevels.地势低洼的国家感到他们的生存受到上升的海平面的威胁。①inexistence 存在comeintoexistence 产生；出现oexistence 使……产生②existv. 存在；有；生存existin 存在于……之中existon 靠……生活/生存①Thecompanycameintoexistence20yearsago.这家公司成立于二十年前。②Theelephantisthelargestlandanimalinexistence(exist)．大象是现有的最大的陆上动物。③Itwasimpossibleforthemtoexistonsuchasmallincome.他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的。onbehalfof代表……一方；作为……的代言人(教材P30)Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.我正代表学校进行一个关于全球变暖方面的课题研究。onbehalfofsb.＝onsb.'sbehalfrepresentv． 代表；象征；表示standfor 代表；象征；支持①Onbehalfofeveryonehere，Iwishyouaveryhappyretirement.我代表在座的各位祝你退休愉快。②Thepresidentcan'tbeheretoday，soI'mgoingtospeakonhisbehalf/onbehalfofhim．今天总裁不能来，所以我将代表他发言。③PRCstandsforthePeople'sRepublicofChina.PRC代表中华人民共和国。advocatevt.拥护；提倡；主张；主持(教材P30)However，Istillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuseenergytoday.然而我仍认为如今人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。①advocateeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth.提倡……,that­clause（从句谓语用（should＋）动词原形）))②advocaten． 拥护者；提倡者anadvocatefor/of ……的支持/拥护者①Ourgovernmentadvocatestheuseofenergy­savinglights.我国政府提倡使用节能灯。②Idon'tadvocatebuilding(build)largefactories.我不主张建造许多大工厂。③Manyteachersadvocatethattheeducationsystem(should)bereformed(reform)．很多教师主张改革现有的教育制度。putupwith忍受，容忍；忍耐；受苦(教材P30)Wedonothavetoputupwithpollution.我们不必去忍受污染。与put有关的短语：putforward 提出建议；把……向前拨putoff 推迟，延期puton 穿上，戴上；演出putout 熄灭；扑灭；生产putaside 存储；把……放到一边putaway 收好，放好；储存putup 张贴，挂起；留宿①Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecan'tputupwithit.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。②Hehadputupabasketonapoleinthebackyard.他在后院一根柱子上安装了一个球篮。③Heputforwardaplanforthecommitteetoconsider.他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。④Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今日事，今日毕。circumstancen．环境；情况(通常用复数形式)(教材P30)Recyclecans，bottles，plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto.如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。in/underthecircumstances 在这种情况下in/undernocircumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时， 句子要部分倒装)。①Wewillcontinuetodothat，nomatterwhatthecircumstancesare.无论情况如何，我们都将继续这样做。②In/Underthecircumstanceshefeltunabletoacceptthejob.在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。③Undernocircumstancesmustasoldierleavehispost.任何情况下，士兵都不得离开岗位。[名师点津]“决不”掉以轻心以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。atnotimeinnowayinnosenseonnoaccountonnoconditionⅠ.完成句子1．要是她能忍受那里的条件，我们是可以带她去的。Ifshetheconditionsthere，wecouldtakeher.2．你出了几处差错，但总的说来，干得很好。Youhavemadeafewmistakes，butyouhavedonewell.3．我谨代表全班感谢你们所有人。Iwouldliketothankyouall.4．你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关。Youragetowhetheryougetthejobornot.5．你无论如何都不能给陌生人开门。Undernocircumstancesthedoorforastranger.【答案】putupwiththewholebehalfoftheclass'tmakeanydifferenceyouopenⅡ.选词填空onbehalfof；onthewhole；andsoon；putupwith；makeadifference1．Students'performancewassimilartolastyear's.【导学号：33100023】2．allourworkers，Iwelcomeyoutoourfactory.3．Ican'ttheloudisdrivingmemad.4．Sheenjoyslipstick，scarves(围巾)，jewellery．5．Yoursupportwillcertainlytoourproject，whichmustbecompletedbeforenextFriday.【答案】：thewholebehalfofupwithsoonadifference(教材P30)ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！【要点提炼】(1)solongas意思是“只要”，相当于aslongas，引导条件状语从句。solongas＝aslongas 只要onconditionthat 只要providing/provided(that) 只要①Youcangoout，as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o'clock.你可以出去，只要你答应在11点以前回来。②Youcanstayforaslongasyouwant.你想待多久就待多久。③Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。(2)句中ifnot是ifyouarenotusingit的省略形式。ifso 如果这样ifany 如果有ifever 如果曾有过的话ifnecessary/possible 如果有必要/可能④Takethiscamerawithyou，ifnecessary.如果有必要，带上照相机去吧！⑤Ithinkthere'sabullettrainatnot，youwillhavetowaittill2o'clockintheafternoon.我想正午会有一辆动车。要是没有，你只好等到下午2点了。(教材P30)Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials，so，ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.用新材料来做这些东西要耗费大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用再生材料制成的物品吧。【要点提炼】Ittakesdo...是固定句式，表示“做某事需要……”Ittakessb...todo.../Ittakes...fordo... 做某事花某人(时间、精力等)①Ittookmygreatcouragetotellthetruth.说出真相需要极大的勇气。②Itusuallytakeshalfanhourformetoarrive(arrive)atmyschool.我通常花半小时到达学校。句型转换(每空一词)1．Getupearlyyoudon'tgetupearly，youwillmissthefirstbus.→Getupearlytomorrow.，youwillmissthefirstbus.2．Ifitisnecessary，I'llgowithyou.【导学号：33100024】→，I'llgowithyou.3．Youcanstayhereonconditionthatyoukeepquiet.→Youcanstayhereyoukeepquiet.4．Ababyshouldn'tbeleftaloneinthehouseinanycircumstances.→Innocircumstancesaloneinthehouse.5．Howcanshestandthatkindoftreatment?→Howcanshethatkindoftreatment?【答案】：notnecessarylongasababybeleftupwith学业分层测评（十一）Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Mydeskmateisgood，kind，hard­workingandintelligent.thewhole，Ican'tspeaktoohighlyofhim.2．behalfofeveryonehere，Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.3．Hetookacoldwaterbath(refresh)himselfandthenwentbacktoworkagain.4．Nooneknowswhensuchacustomcameinto(exist)．5．Ourstudentsshouldstudyhardandmakecontributionsoursociety.6．Weadvocate(help)thepoorschoolmatesbyraisingsomemoney.7．Underthese(circumstance)，youmightagreewithusthatitisratherdifficultforyourproductstosetfootinthismarket.8．average，over8，000personscometovisitZhouzhuangaday.9．Theraindidn'tmakemuch(different)tothegame.10．We'vehad(agree)，butwe'restillgoodfriends.【答案】refreshⅡ.完成句子1．你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。【导学号：33100041】lendhimanymoney.2．她刚到这里，她不知道去哪里玩。Sheisnewdoesn'tknow.3．她在吗？如果不在，我可以跟她姐说话吗？Isshein？，couldIspeaktohersister?4．只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。Youcangoouttoplayinthebackyard.5．人们提倡采取措施以保护环境。Peopleadvocatethatsomethingtheenvironment.【答案】Innocircumstancesshouldyou2．wheretoplaynotlongasyoustay5．(should)bedonetoprotectⅢ.阅读理解A(2023·江西盟校高二模拟)Basedonnewanalysis，wearerapidlyapproachingmajorclimatechangeandtheeffectsonsocietyandtheenvironmentcouldbequitepredictthatwithinthenexteightyyears，currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandsomecouldcompletelyregionswillgetcolderwhiletropicalregionswillgetevenhotter，forcinganimalstomigrate(迁徙)north.Climatechangeslikethesecouldleadtothespreadofstormsandhurricaneswillnotonlyincreasebutmayalsobecomemorethechangescometooquickly，animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.AccordingtoScienceDaily，anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100，manyoftoday'sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday'sisurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar­reachingconsequencesforthewholeplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsof2023，aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2023，thousandsdiedinChinabecauseofanotherseverewashitin2023withamajorearthquakeandHaitiwasdevastatedin2023byyetanothermassiveearthquake.Withinjustthelastfewmonths，newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeencominginandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslythispoint，itdoesn'tmatterwhatiscausingit，butrather，whatcanbedoneabout'smore，ourworldisgettingmoreandmoreunstableeveryiswarandthreatofwardisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.However，otherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbetweenoneknowsanythingforsureatthispointbecausethereissimplynotenoughdata.1．Whatisthemajorfunctionofparagraph1?A．Toarousethereader'sconcern.B．Tointroducethethemeofthewholepassage.C．Tosummarizethewholepassage.D．Tostatehowclimatechanges.【解析】推理判断题。第一段的主要作用是引出了气候变化这一主题。故B正确。【答案】B2．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinusingtheexamplesofearthquakes?A．Toshowmajorchangesaretakingplaceontheplanet.B．Toremindpeopletopreventfutureearthquakes.C．Toshowthedamageearthquakescaused.D．Totellusmoreearthquakeswillhappeninthefuture.【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“manyoftoday'sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday'sworld”可知作者举地震的例子是说明气候变化正在这个星球上发生。故选A。【答案】A3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofclimatechanges'effects?A．Animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcoulddisappear.B．Itcouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.C．Currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandcompletelydisappear.D．Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious”可知这些异常的气候变化不但不会消失，还会加剧。故选C。【答案】C4．WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?A．Animalsandplantswon'tdieoutaslongasclimatechangesslowly.B．There'senoughdataforustopredictthefutureofclimatechange.C．Theworldisgettingmoreunstablebecauseofanimalmigration.D．Theearthisnottheonlyplanetthatisexperiencingclimatechange.【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However，otherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbetweenthis”可知不光是地球在经历气候变化。故选D。【答案】DBThesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthebuildingscanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses，factories，andoffices.Greenbuildingmeans“reducingtheeffectofthebuildingontheland”，TarynHolowkaoftheU．BuildingCouncil(评议会)inWashingtonD．toHolowka，buildingaccountsfor65percentoftotalU．use.Butgreenbuildingscanreduceenergyandwater，thebuildingsareoftenlocatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways，sothatpeoplecandrivetheircarscouldbegoodfortheenvironment，becausecarsuselotsofgasandgiveoffbuildingsareoftenbuiltondevelopedland，sothatthebuildingsdon'tdestroyforests.MartyDettlingistheprojectmanagerforabuildingthatputstheseideasintoSolairehasbeencalledthecountry'sfirstgreenhigh­risetoDettling，“We'vereducedourenergyusebyone­thirdandourwaterby50percent.”TheSolairecutsenergyinpartbyusingsolarpower.“Onthefaceofthebuildingwehavesolarpanels(光板)whichchangethesun'senergyintoelectricity，”Dettlingexplained.TheSolairealsohaslightsthatautomaticallyturnoffwhenpeopleleavetheaddition，thebuildinghaslotsofwindows，allowingpeopletousethesunforlightduringtheSolairecutswaterbyreusingit.Noteveryoneiseagertomoveintoagreenbuilding，peoplethinkthatthingslikesolarpanelscostmoremoneythanmoretraditionalenergy，Holowkasaid，“It'sgoingtobebig.”greenbuildingmeans．A．abuildingthatusesnoelectricityB．abuildingthatsavesenergyandwaterC．abuildingoccupyinglesslandD．agreen­coloredbuilding【解析】细节理解题。答案在第一段第一行和第三段第一行，绿色建筑为节约能源和水的环保建筑。【答案】B6．Agreenbuildingisoftenbuiltonanareaofland．A．whichhasalreadybeenforbuildingsB．whichhasthickforestsaroundC．wherepeopleofhighincomeliveD．wheretravelingaroundbycarismostconvenient【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，绿色建筑常建在已经开发过的土地上，以便不再毁坏森林。【答案】A7．WhenHolowkasaysinthelastparagraph，“It'sgoingtobebig”，shemeansthatgreenbuildings．A．willbemorecomfortableB．willbemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyC．willbecomepopularinfutureD．willtaketheplaceoftraditionalbuildings【解析】推理判断题。绿色建筑将会变大，是今后的发展方向，从长远来看将会普及、流行。【答案】C8．Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A．DettlingdesignedthefirstgreenbuildingintheU．S.B．Energyshortagecallsforbuildingsofnewdesign.C．TheSolaireservesasamodelofhighbuildings.D．Greenbuildingshelpsavetheenvironment.【解析】主旨大意题。从全文来看，本文主要话题是“绿色建筑有助于环保、节能”。【答案】DⅣ.阅读填句1Whatweconsiderpoliteathomeisn'talwaysacceptedoutsideour'tberegardedrudeordisrespectfulonyourtravels.Giftgivingshouldbeahappy，positiveexperience.2Givingsharp，pointyobjectsasgiftsisconsideredcarefulwhenpresentingflowersinflowerssuggestcheatorarelationshipbreak­up