中国戏剧英文介绍

ChineseOpera

chineseoperaChineseoperatogetherwithGreecetragic-comedy(希腊悲喜剧)andIndianSanskritOpera(印度梵剧)arethethreeoldestdramaticartformsintheworld.DuringtheTangDynasty(618–907),theEmperorTaizongestablishedanoperaschoolwiththepoeticnameLiyuan(PearGarden).Fromthattimeon,performersofChineseoperawerereferredtoas'disciplesofthepeargarden'.在唐朝(618-907),太宗皇帝建立了一个充满诗意的歌剧学校名为立元(梨花园)。从那时起,中国歌剧的表演者被称为“教育的梨花园”。chineseoperachineseoperaSincetheYuanDynasty(1271-1368)ithasbeenencouragedbycourtofficialsandemperorsandhasbecomeatraditionalartform.自从元朝(1271-1368)它一直受到法院官员和皇帝的鼓励，已经成为一种传统的艺术形式。DuringtheQingDynasty(1644-1911),itbecamefashionableamongordinarypeople.Performanceswerewatchedintearooms,restaurants,andevenaroundmakeshiftstages.在清朝(1644-1911),它在普通百姓中十分流行。在茶室,餐馆,甚至在临时搭建的舞台上都可以看见表演。Whatappealstoforeignersmostmightbethedifferentstylesof

facialmake-upwhichisoneofthehighlightsandrequiresdistinctive(独特的)techniquesofpainting.Exaggerateddesignsare

paintedoneachperformer'sfacetosymbolizeacharacter'spersonality,role,andfate.Thistechniquemayhaveoriginatedfromancientreligionsanddance.这是一个亮点,需要独特的绘画技巧。演员的脸上被夸张地设计着,象征一个角色的性格、角色和命运。这种技术可能源于古老的宗教和舞蹈。ColourfulmasksandvariousrolesWhite:Sinister(阴险),evil,crafty(狡猾),treacherous(奸诈),andsuspicious.

Anyone

wearingawhitemaskisusuallythevillain(坏人).Green:Impulsive(冲动的),violent,noselfrestraintorselfcontrol.Red:Brave,loyal.Black:Rough,fierce(暴躁的),orimpartial(公正的).Yellow:Ambitious,fierce,cool-headed.Blue:Steadfast(坚定的),someonewhoisloyalandstickstoonesidenomatterwhat.Generally,aredfacerepresentsloyaltyandbravery;ablackface,valor;yellowandwhitefaces,duplicity;andgoldenandsilverfaces,mystery.Besidescolor,linesalsofunctionassymbols.Forexample,afigurecanbepaintedeitherallwhiteonhisface,orjustaroundthenose.Thelargerthewhiteareapainted,themoreviperoustherole.

一个红色的脸代表忠诚和勇气;一个黑的脸,英勇;黄色和白色的面孔,表里不一;和金色和银色面孔,神秘。除了颜色,线条也函数作为符号。例如,图要么全部涂在他的脸上,或就在鼻子。白色区域画越大,越阴险的角色。

Colourfulmasksandvariousroles1.生是戏曲表演行当的主要类型之一，扮演男性人物。（分为老生、小生，武生。）2.旦：正旦——主要扮演娴静庄重的青年、中年妇女。重唱功，多用韵白。因常穿青素褶子，故又名“青衣”。

花旦——多扮演性格明快活泼的青年女性。此外，还有武旦，老旦等。3.净：俗称花脸。以面部化妆运用各种色彩和图案勾勒脸谱为突出标志，扮演性格、气质、相貌上有特异之点的男性角色。4.丑：丑戏曲表演行当主要类型之一，喜剧角色。。扮演人物种类繁多，有的心地善良，幽默滑稽；有的奸诈刁恶，悭吝卑鄙。TheDevelopmentofChineseOperaFormingstage:

Primitivesociety(tosatisfypeople’sspiritualneed)社火、秧歌、傩戏Boomingperiod:InYuandynasty,commercialandprofessionalperforminggroupemerged.TheDevelopmentofChineseOperaFamousworks:窦娥冤（关汉卿）、汉宫秋（马致远）Extensionphase:InMingdynasty,KunqugrewupontheregionssouthofYangtzeRiver(江南).T