2021届新高考英语仿真模拟卷(一)word含答案详解

2021年新高考英语仿真模拟卷（一）（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：120分）第一部分阅读理解（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ACallforentries:youngwomenwriterscompetitionGuardianWeekendmagazineislaunchingawritingcompetitionforUKwomenaged16-21onthethemeofconversations．HowtoenterAllyouhavetodoissubmita700-wordpersonalessaythatshowsoffyourtalents——onthethemeofconversations．Didyouhaveanunforgettableconversationwithyourgrandmotheraboutheryouththatchangedhowyouviewedher?Doyoufindhavingcertainconversationsreallyhard,andifso,why?Isthereaconversationyouregret,oroneyouregretyouneverhad?We'rekeentohearaboutyourpersonalexperiences．Allentriesmustbesenttoweekend@theguardian．combymidnighton9March．ThePrizesTherewillbeonewinnerandtworunners-up．Thethreewinnerswilleachreceive£250．Thewinnerswillbenotified（通知）byemailortelephoneonorbefore30March2021andgivendetailsofhowtoclaimtheirprizes．Aspartoftheeditingprocess,thethreewinnerswillparticipateinavideocallwithaGuardianWeekendeditortodiscussandedittheiressayforpublication．Theoneoverallwinnerwillalsoreceivea1-1workshopwithaGuardianeditor．RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification．■Onlyoneentryispermittedperperson．Entriesonbehalfofanotherpersonwillnotbeacceptedandjointsubmissionsarenotallowed．■TheCompetitionopensat09:00on22February2021andclosesat23:59on9March2021．Entriesreceivedoutsidethistimeperiodwillnotbeconsidered．■Yourentrymustnotbecopied,andmustnotcontainanythird-partymaterialsorcontentthatyoudonothavepermissiontouse．■Youmustincludeyournamgee,anadcontactdetails,includingyouremailaddressandphonenumber．1．What'sthethemeofthewritingcompetition?A．Regrets．B．Conversations．C．Grandmother'syouth．D．Personalexperiences．2．Whatextraprizewilltheoverallwinnerreceive?A．Anadditional£250．B．Avideoofthecompetition．C．Apriornotificationofthewin．D．A1-1workshopwithaneditor．3．Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A．Co-authoringanentry．B．Includingcontactdetails．C．Mailingyourentryon1March．D．Usingothers'contentwithpermission．BWeareborntodance.Dancingchangesthewaywefeelandthink,andincreasesself-worth.Asadancepsychologistandteacher,Ihavewitnessedthewaysdancinghaschangedthelivesofhundredsofpeople.ThenIsetuptheDancePsychologyLabsothatIcouldcombinemyknowledgeinpsychologywithdance,usingsciencetostudytherelationshipbetweenmovementandthebrain.WhatIfoundwasextraordinary:peoplewithParkinson'sdisease（帕金森病）anddementia（痴呆）gettinganewchancetolivelonger；anincreaseintheself-worthofteenagers；reductionsinsadnessandanxietyinadults；increasesinsocialbondingbetweenpeople；andfundamentalchangesinthewaypeoplethinkandsolveproblems.Allbecauseofdancing.Dancingstimulatesthelinkbetweenthebodyandthebrain.Theemotionalhighwegetfromdancingisduetodopamine（多巴胺）.Thisbrainchemicalplaysaroleinhowwefeel,andlowlevelsareassociatedwithfeelingsofanxiety,hopelessness,painandmoodswings.Dancingisagreatwaytoovercomethesenegativefeelingsbecausetheexerciseandouremotionalresponsestothemusicwe'rehearingcanincreasethereleaseofdopamineindifferentpartsofthebrain.Asdopaminelevelsgoup,wecanshakeoffsomeofthosenegativefeelingsandfloatintoanexcitedstate.Scientistssuggestthatthebesttimetolearnadanceroutineisbeforeyougotosleep.Thisisbecausethebrainbuildsnewknowledgestructureswhilewesleep,anditisthesestructuresthatstrengthenourabilitytolearnandrememberinformation.Inourlabexperiments,wefoundthatpeoplewhodid20minutesofimprovised（即兴的）dancingbecamemorecreativewhenansweringcreative-thinkingtasks.Forexample,beforedancing,participantscouldgenerateaboutfourorfivealternativeusesforacommonobjectsuchasabrickoranewspaper,butafterdancingtheycouldgeneratesevenoreight.4．WhydoestheauthorbuildtheDancePsychologyLab?A．Tochangehowpeoplethinkandfeel.B．Tohelppeopleincreasetheirself-worth.C．Tofindoutdifferentsocialrelationships.D．Tostudyhowdancinginfluencesthebrain.5．Whatchangedoesdancingbringinpeople?A．Dopaminelevelsgoup.B．Theirintelligenceisraised.C．Sleepqualityisimproved.D．Parkinson'sdiseaseanddementiaarecured.6．Whenisthesuggestedtimetolearndancemoves?A．Inthemorning.B．Beforesleeping.C．Whileworking.D．Intheevening.7．Whatdoimproviseddancingexperimentsshowus?A．Dancinghelpswithourcreativity.B．Dancingcreatesmoreactivities.C．Dancingattractsmoreparticipants.D．Dancinginspiresustousemoreobjects.CItcouldbesaidthatthenorthernmostpartofourplanetholdsthesecretsofourpastaswellasourfuture.Theicylandis，infact，notaplacefortheweak.Thisvastlandofwildernessiswherepeoplecangetupclosetonature'sextremes.Theplaceis“nojoke”,USphotographerMarkMahaneytoldPLAINMagazine.“Whenmidnightsunisreplacedbypolarnight，everything'sdifferentEyestothehorizonandit'snothing.Andthenmorenothing,ineverydirection.”Oneofthemostharsh,yetmostpristine（原始的）placesonEarth,theArctichasbeenaffectedbyhumanactivities-exploration,boomingtourismandmostimportantly,globalwarming-inrecentdecades.Buttheimpactofthesechangesisnotrestrictedtotheinhabitantsofthisareaalone.Infact,itcouldbesaidthattheweightoftheworldreliesonthisicyregion.TheEarth'ssteadyclimatedependsontheArctic'sseaice,whichactsasahugewhitereflectoratthetopoftheplanet,bouncingsomeofthesun'sraysbackintospace.ThemoreArcticseaicemelts,thelesslightisreflected,andthemorethedarkoceanswillabsorbthesun'sradiation.TheArcticalsohelpscirculateoceancurrents,movingcoldandwarmwateraroundtheglobe.Withvisiblechangesintheglobalclimate,theArctichasgivenusawake-upcall-whathappensupintheNorthdoesn'tjuststaythere.Itcomeswithahighcosttotheworldatlarge.It'stimeforustopayattentiontothischillyregionandlearnmoreaboutwhat'shappeningthere,aswellasitspastandpossiblefuture.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"Theplaceis‘nojoke'”inParagraph2probablymean?A．TheweakareunhappyintheArctic.B．ThenaturalconditionsarepoorintheArctic.C．Photographersarenotallowedtotakephotos.D．PeopleareforbiddentomakejokesintheArctic.9．WhathascausedthechangesintheArctic?A．Animalsandplants.B．GlobalwarmingC．Theactivitiesofhumanbeings.D．Thescientists'records.10．WhatisthefunctionoftheArctic'sseaice?A．Toregulateclimate.B．Tokeepwaterclean.C．Toattractthesun'srays.D．Tosupportthelivingcreatures.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheMostHarshLandB．ChangesoftheArcticC．TheArcticSendingWarningSignalsD．Nature'sExtremesAttractingScientistsDJobforYou!FamilyAllianceMealDeliveryFamilyAllianceislookingforpeoplewhocandeliverhotChinesemealsonetotwotimesaweekforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinnorthsuburbanFairfieldCounty.Allapplicantsmusthaveadriver'slicenseandaccesstoacar.Gaswillbecoveredforeachdelivery.Workinghours:10a.m.to1p.m.TuesdaysandFridaysFormoreinformation,contactCharlesChenatcchen@Orcall740-6668988LancasterDesignWeprovidefullfurnishings,likedonatedkitchenequipmentandfurnitureitems,forthenewhomesofpeoplewhowereoncehomeless.Weneedpeoplewhocanworkatourwarehouse（仓库）sortingandpackingitemstobedeliveredtofamilies,repairdonatedfurnitureandmore.Candidateswillbematchedwithataskbasedonskillset.Interested?SubmityourapplicationtoOrcall740-6119735LancasterWeeklyWouldyouliketheopportunitytoearnextracashclosetohome?Ifsowehaveavacancyinourteamwhichwouldsuityou.Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequiredtodeliverournewspaper.YoumayIhavetocoversomedistance.Bicyclesareavailableifneeded.Workinghours:8a.m.to10a.m.SaturdaysFormoreinformationCall740-6538360ParkviewNursingHomeCaregiversarewanted.Weseekpeoplewhoarepatientandcaring,andwhohaveexperienceandinterestinworkingwitholderadults.Aspartofthepackage,initialandfollow-uptrainingsessionsareprovidedandaccommodationisavailableifrequired.Formoredetails,visitusatUnit3ParkViewLaneOrcontactEllenWhiteat740-696839912．Whichjobrequiresadriver'slicense?A．Deliveringmeals.B．Deliveringnewspapers.C．Workingatthewarehouse.D．Workingatthenursinghome.13．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheLancasterDesignjob?A．Applicantsareexpectedtodesignfurniture.B．Workisarrangedaccordingtoone'sskillset.C．Itinvolvescollectingfurniturefromhomes.D．Itfavorsapplicantswhoarehomeless.14．Amiddle-schoolstudentismostlikelytobehiredby.A．FamilyAllianceMealDeliveryB．LancasterDesignC．LancasterWeeklyD．ParkviewNursingHome15．Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?A．740-6668988.B．740-6119735.C．740-6538360.D．740-6968399.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Varietyisthespiceoflanguage.Thewordslistedinthisbookarenotintendedtoreplacethosethatmostpeopleusemostofthetime.Rather,theyarevariationsofthetheme.Wetendtousethesameoldwordsoverandoveragain,tolimitourpowerofexpressionbylimitingourvocabulary.Thereisnothingwrongwiththe“oldwords”16.Howoftenhaveyouspokenofhavinganaccident?17Everyonetalksoftheusualthingtodoorexpect.Mightnotone,toenrichhisspeech,speakofthecustomarythingorwhynotoccasionallydescribeasituationasaggravatedinsteadofworsened?18.Varythemwiththe“newwords”Englishisanespeciallyrichlanguage,andoftentherearetinydifferencesbetweentwowordsthataregenerallyregardedasthesame.Thus,amishap小（事故）isnotmerelyanaccident;itisanunfortunateaccident.（Therecanbefortunateaccidents,likebumpingintoanoldfriendyouhaven'tseenforyearsandwhoseaddressyou'velost.）19.Otherexamples:fragrant,forsmellinggood,orhavinganicesmell;morsel,forbit;deft,forskillfulorclever.Nodoubtagoodmanywordsinthelistwillbefamiliartoyou,butdoyouusethem,ordotheyremainthe“property”ofothers?Theyareincludedtointroducethevariety,intoyourspeechandwriting.20.Letthemcompete,andmakeyourlanguageallthericher.A．Don'tthrowawaythe“oldwords”.B．Ourinterestinlearningwillbediscouraged.C．Butwhynotenhanceyourspeechandwritingbylearningtousenewonesfromtimetotimeasalternatives?D．Englishwordsaregroupedaccordingtotheirorigins.Canweusethealternativemishaponceinawhile?So,usingmishapinsteadofaccident,youmustbesureofthedistinction.Trytomakethesewordsyourown,ascompanionsorfriendlyrivalsoftheonesyouhavemanagedwithinthepast.第二部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）Sittinginmyschoolcafeteria,Ilookedaround,slowlytakingineverything.Studentafterstudentpassedmy21carryingthatday'slunch,butifyoulookeddeeper,therewasmoreto22.Therewasmorethanjusttheuniformtheywerewearing,orthewaytheyhadstyledtheirhair.Therewasalotmorehiddenunderthe23.Catchingtheeyeofagirlinmygradesittingatanearbytable,Iwaved24.Shesmiledweaklyandthencontinuedtopickatthespaghettiinfrontofher.IfIhadn't25recentlythathermotherwasdyingofleukemia,Iwouldhavenever26anythingwaswrongandImaynothavebeenas27andsympathetic,either.Itsuddenly28methatwejudgeotherstooquicklywithoutknowingthewholestory.Ihaveanincurablelungdisease.Nooneatourschoolknows—Idon'tshowanynoticeable29exceptforafewcoughs.Igoaboutmydaylikeanyotherkid.30withtherealizationthatIhavea31andterrifyingfuture.BeforethatdaywhenIdecidedto32theworldwithanewperspective,I33myselfalmosteveryday.Ithoughtonlyaboutmyselfandmyheavy34.ButI'venowrealizednooneis35一wejustneedtoacceptthewayweare.21.A.orderB.roomC．tableD．cafeteria22.A.imagineB.compareC．observeD．exchange23.A.uniformB.rulesC．circumstancesD．surface24.A.politelyB.wildlyC．coldlyD．impatiently25.A.foundB.noticedC．heardD．decided26.A.rememberedB.suspectedC．predictedD．regretted27.A.willingB.outstandingC．understandingD．demanding28.A.escapedB.satisfiedC．hitD．attracted29.A.diseasesB.symptomsC．complaintsD．weaknesses30.A.butB.andC．orD．so31.A.brightB.realC．seriousD．dark32.A.tolerateB.createC．changeD．view33.A.forgaveB.pitiedC.challengedD.encouraged34.A.debtB．rewardC．burdenD．schedule35.A.changeableB．perfectC．uniqueD．different第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。YellowRiverValleywasthebirthplaceofancientChinesecivilization,andforthatreasonisoftencalled“MotherRiver.”Thevalley36.(surround)theprincipalriverofnorthernChinaandisatthecenterofthousandsofyearsofChinesehistory.Atover5,400kilometers(3,300miles)long,theHuangHeisChina'ssecond37.(long)river.Ithasadrainage(排水)basinofaround750,000square38.(kilometre),thethirdlargestbasinareainChina.ItiscalledtheYellowRiverbecauseitswaterscarryearth,39.givestheriveritsyellow-browncolor,andwhen40.riveroverflows,itleavesayellowresidue(残留)behind.Whiletheriverhelpscreatefertilelandthat41.(suit)forfarming,duringcertaintimesoftheyeartheHuangHe(frequent)overflows.ThewaterdamageshousingandcropsacrosstheNorthChinaPlain,animportant(agriculture)region.Becauseofthis,theHuangHeisalsonicknamed“China'sSorrow.”Forthousandsofyears,theChinesehavecarriedoutmajorpublicworksprojects44.(control)thewaterfromtheHuangHe.Despitethepossibilityofflooding,theHuangHeValleybasinishome45.ahugepopulation,andmanyofChina'soldestcitiesaresituatedalongtheriver.ThevalleybecomesthecenterofChineseculture,society,andlearning.第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，你的城市为迎接2022冬奥会开展了“冰雪运动进校园”的活动，请你以电子邮件的形式向你的网友Jack介绍活动的情况，并邀请他一起参加。内容包括：活动的目的；活动的内容；活动的意义。1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。IworkedfromthetimewhenIwasfourandraisedsevenchildren,allofthemcollegegraduates.ItseemedI'ddoneeverythingI'deverwantedtodoinmylife,butIhadoneregret.Iwasbornin1898,theoldestoffivekids.Papacouldn'tsparemetogotoschool,soIworkedinthefieldswithhimtillIwas21yearsold.EverywhereIwent,Ilearnedsomehardlessonsaboutwhathappenstoamanwhoevencan'treadthealphabet.Peoplecheatyououtofwages.Theysellyouatickettoonecity,takeyourmoneyandhandyouatickettosomewhereelse.By1928,I'dbeenwanderingfornineyears.ImetawomannamedElzenia.Wefellinlove,marriedandmovedtoDallas,whereIgotwork-fixingroadsforthecity.WhenAmelia,theoldestofoursevenchildren,firstwenttoschool,Itookmywifeaside.“Elzenia,”Isaid,“Idon'twantthekidstoknowIcan'treadorwrite”In1938,onedaymybosscalledmein.“George,”hesaid,“nooneknowsthosemachineslikeyoudo.I'dliketopromoteyou."Butmythrillandsurprisewerecutshortwhenhesaid,“Filloutthisapplicationandwe'llgetyouaraise.”Icouldn'tadmitthetruth.Ithankedhimandwalkedoutofhisoffice.IdidstayrightwhereIwas,untilIturned65andmybossmademeretire.ButIdidn'tstopworking.Forthenext25years,Ilivedahappylife,butitstillseemedtomelikesomethingwasmissing.Oneday,ayoungfellowhandedmeapieceofpaper.It'sinformationaboutadulteducationclasses,wherepeoplecanlearntoreadandwrite.NowI'm98.IthoughtofmyfriendsandneighborsandwhattheymightthinkiftheyfoundoutIcouldn'tread.Afteralltheseyears,mysecretwouldbeout.ButallmylifeI'vewantedtoread.Itwashightimeforaction.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:TheyoungmandrovemetoParagraph2:I'mstillgoingtoschool.英语试题参考答案第二部分阅读（共两节,每小题2.5分，满分50分）A【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《卫报周末》杂志为16-21岁的英国女性举办的一场写作比赛的报名须知，奖项设置和参赛规则。B细节理解题。根据文章第一句“GuardianWeekendmagazineislaunchingawritingcompetitionforUKwomenaged16-21onthethemeofconversations.（《卫报周末》杂志为16-21岁的英国女性举办了一场以对话为主题的写作比赛。）”可知，这次写作比赛的主题是对话。故选B。D细节理解题。根据ThePrizes中最后一句“Theoneoverallwinnerwillalsoreceivea1-1workshopwithaGuardianeditor.（总冠军将获得与《卫报》编辑一起的1-1工作室。）”可知，总冠军将获得与《卫报》编辑一起的1-1工作室。故选D。A细节理解题。根据倒数第四行“Entriesonbehalfofanotherpersonwillnotbeacceptedandjointsubmissionsarenotallowed.（代表他人参加的作品将不被接受，并且不允许联合提交作品。）”可知，与他人合作的作品将没有参赛资格。故选A。B4．D5．A6．B7．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了跳舞对人的影响，如使人心情愉悦、更具创造力等。【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“ThenIsetuptheDancePsychologyLabsothatIcouldcombinemyknowledgeinpsychologywithdance,usingsciencetostudytherelationshipbetweenmovementandthebrain.”（然后我建立了舞蹈心理学实验室，把我的心理学知识和舞蹈结合起来，用科学研究运动和大脑的关系。）可知，作者建立这个实验室的目的是研究舞蹈动作是如何影响人脑的。故选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Dancingisagreatwaytoovercomethesenegativefeelingsbecausetheexerciseandouremotionalresponsestothemusicwe'rehearingcanincreasethereleaseofdopamineindifferentpartsofthebrain.”（跳舞是克服这些消极情绪的好方法，因为练习和我们对所听音乐的情绪反应可以增加大脑不同部位多巴胺的释放。）可知，跳舞能够增加人体内多巴胺的释放。故选A。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Scientistssuggestthatthebesttimetolearnadanceroutineisbeforeyougotosleep”（科学家建议，睡觉前是学习舞蹈的最佳时间。）可知,学习舞蹈的最佳时间是睡前。故选B。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句'Inourlabexperiments,wefoundthatpeoplewhodid20minutesofimprovised（即兴的）dancingbecamemorecreativewhenansweringcreative-thinkingtasks.”（在我们的实验室实验中，我们发现，即兴跳舞20分钟的人在回答创造性思维任务时更有创造力。）可知，即兴舞蹈可以使我们更具创造力。故选A。C【分析】这是一篇说明文，本文分别介绍了北极的情况和近年来人类活动对北极造成的不良影响，这种影响很可能会蔓延到全世界。B词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Whenmidnightsunisreplacedbypolarnight,everything'sdifferent.Eyestothehorizonandit'snothing.Andthenmorenothing.ineverydirection”（当午夜的太阳被极夜所取代时，一切都不同了。在各个方向上什么都没有。）可知北极的天气非常恶劣，可以推断出划线句子的想表达的意思是“北极的自然环境非常恶劣。”故选B项。C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oneofthemostharsh，yetmostpristineplacesonEarth,theArctichasbeenaffectedbyhumanactivities—exploration,boomingtourismandmostimportantly，globalwarminginrecentdecades”（北极是地球上最严峻，最原始的地方之一，近几十年来受到人类活一探险，旅游业，最重要的是全球变暖的影响。）可知是人类活动导致了北极的变化。故选C项。A细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“TheEarth'ssteadyclimatedependsontheArctic'sseaice”（地球的稳定气候取决于北极的海冰。）可知北极海冰有保持地球气候稳定，调节气候的作用。故选A项。C主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Withvisiblechangesintheglobalclimate,theArctichasgivenusawake-upcall-whathappensupintheNorthdoesn'tjuststaythere”（随着全球气候的明显变化，北极给了我们一个警钟，北极发生的事情并不仅限于此。）并结合全文理解可知，这篇文章主要讲述了北极的情况和近年来人类活动对北极造成的不良影响，这种影响很可能会蔓延到全世界。意在表明北极在给人类敲警钟，传达警示的信号，因此推断C项“北极发出的警告信号”为最佳标题。故选C项。D12．A13．B14．C15．D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章刊登了四则招工广告。细节理解题。该小题问哪份儿工作需要有驾照。根据第一则广告第二段'Allapplicantsmusthaveadriver'slicenseandaccesstoacar.（所有的申请人都必须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。）”可知，第一则广告招聘外卖送餐工，并要求应聘者有驾照。故选A项。13.细节理解题。根据LancasterDesign广告“Candidateswillbematchedwithataskbasedonskillset.（应聘者将会被安排与自己技术相匹配的任务。可知，B项（LancasterDesignjob的工作是根据个人的技能来安排的）这一表述正确。故选B项。14.细节理解题。根据LancasterWeekly“Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequiredtodeliverournewspaper.（成人和13岁以上的青少年都可以投递我们的报纸。。可知，中学生（13+）也有可能会被LancasterWeekly雇佣。故选C项。15.细节理解题。根据ParkviewNursingHome广告部分“Weseekpeoplewhoarepatientandcaring,andwhohaveexperienceandinterestinworkingwitholderadults.（我们寻找有耐心，有爱心，有经验和兴趣与老年人一起工作的人。）可知，ParkviewNursingHome招聘照顾老人的员工，他们养老院的电话是740-6968399。故选D项。C17.E18.A19.F20.G【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了变化和多样性是语言的调味剂，我们可以试着用一些新词去替换一些旧词来进行描述，从而丰富我们的语言。上文“Varietyisthespiceoflanguage.Thewordslistedinthisbookarenotintendedtoreplacethosethatmostpeopleusemostofthetime.Rather,theyarevariationsofthetheme.Wetendtousethesameoldwordsoverandoveragain,tolimitourpowerofexpressionbylimitingourvocabulary.Thereisnothingwrongwiththe“oldwords”（多样性是语言的调味品。这本书中列出的词汇并不是要取代大多数人大部分时间使用的词汇。相反，它们是主题的变体。我们倾向于一遍又一遍地使用同样的老词，通过限制词汇量来限制我们的表达能力。“老词”没什么错）”可知上文强调多样性是语言的调味品，突出新词的地位。设空处位于段尾，应是对上文进行总结。C项“Butwhynotenhanceyourspeechandwritingbylearningtousenewonesfromtimetotimeasalternatives?（但是为什么不通过不时学习使用新的词来提高你的演讲和写作能力呢？）”与“Thereisnothingwrongwiththe“oldwords”，构成转折关系，与上文一致，故选C。上文“Howoftenhaveyouspokenofhavinganaccident?（你多久提起一次意外？）”，讲到你多久提起一次意外，下文“Everyonetalksoftheusualthingtodoorexpect.Mightnotone,toenrichhisspeech,speakofthecustomarythingorwhynotoccasionallydescribeasituationasaggravatedinsteadofworsened?（每个人都在谈论平常要做的事或期望的事。为了丰富他的演讲内容，谈论一些习惯性的事情，那为什么不偶尔把情况描述成“aggravated”而不“worsened”呢？）”可知，此处阐述用另外的表达描述上文的“havinganaccident”。设空处位于段中，承上启下，E项“Canweusethealternativemishaponceinawhile?（为什么不偶尔使用替代性的“mishap”来描述呢？）”与上文及下文一致，故选E。18.下文“Varythemwiththe“newwords”.Englishisanespeciallyrichlanguage,andoftentherearetinydifferencesbetweentwowordsthataregenerallyregardedasthesame.Thus,amishap（小事故）isnotmerelyanaccident;itisanunfortunateaccident.（Therecanbefortunateaccidents,likebumpingintoanoldfriendyouhaven'tseenforyearsandwhoseaddressyou'velost.）（用“新词"改变它们。英语是一种特别丰富的语言，通常两个词之间有细微的差别，但通常被认为是相同的。因此，一次小事故不仅仅是一次事故，而是一次不幸的事故。可能也会有幸运的事故，比如撞见一个多年未见的老朋友，而且他的地址你也弄丢了）”可知，英语是一种特别丰富的语言，通常两个词之间有细微的差别，要用“新词”来改变“旧词”，而不是扔掉它们。设空处位于段首，应是总领下文。A项“Don'tthrowawaythe“oldwords”（不要扔掉旧词）”与下文一致，故选A。上文“Englishisanespeciallyrichlanguage,andoftentherearetinydifferencesbetweentwowordsthataregenerallyregardedasthesame.Thus,amishap（小事故）isnotmerelyanaccident;itisanunfortunateaccident.（英语是一种特别丰富的语言，通常两个词之间有细微的差别，但通常被认为是相同的。因此，一次小事故不仅仅是一次事故，而是一次不幸的事故）”，以及下文“Otherexamples:fragrant,forsmellinggood,orhavinganicesmell;morsel,forbit;deft,forskillfulorclever（.其他例子：芳香的，好闻，或者有好闻的气味；（这些意思差不多但是有区别）；少量的，有点；灵巧的，有技巧或者聪明）”可知，设空处应是与上文是因果关系，下文是对上文设空处的另一个例子，两者的主题内容应是一致的。F项“So,usingmishapinsteadofaccident,youmustbesureofthedistinction.（所以，用mishap代替accident，你必须明白其中的区别）"与上文及下文一致，故选F。上文“Nodoubtagoodmanywordsinthelistwillbefamiliartoyou,butdoyouusethem,ordotheyremainthe“property”ofothers?Theyareincludedtointroducethevariety,intoyourspeechandwriting（.毫无疑问，名单上的很多单词你都很熟悉，但是你是否使用它们，还是它们仍然是别人的“财产”？它们包括在你的演讲和写作中，引入多样性）”讲到要运用这些新词，丰富你的写作和演讲。设空处位于段中，应是承接上文所讲。G项“Trytomakethesewordsyourown,ascompanionsorfriendlyrivalsoftheonesyouhavemanagedwithinthepast.（试着把这些词变成你自己的，成为你过去的伙伴的对手）”与上文一致，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）C22.C23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.C29.B30.A31.D32.D33.B34.C35.B【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者对生活的观察和进行的反思，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个接一个的学生走过我的桌子，端着那天的午餐，但如果你深入观察，就会发现还有更多的东西要观察。A.order订购；B.room房间；C.table桌子，餐桌；D.cafeteria自助餐厅。根据上文“Sittinginmyschoolcafeteria,”可知，作者坐在自助餐厅了吃午餐，所以此处指学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌旁。故选C项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个接一个的学生走过我的桌子，端着那天的午餐，但如果你深入观察，就会发现还有更多的东西要观察。A.imagine想象；B.compare比较；C.observe观察；D.exchange交换。根据上文“butifyoulookeddeeper,”可知，此处表示作者认为有更多的有待观察的东西。故选C项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：表面之下隐藏着更多的东西。A.uniform校服；B.rules规贝V；C.circumstances情况；D.surface表面。根据上文“butifyoulookeddeeper,”以及常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是表面的东西，深入观察可以发现表面之下隐藏着更多的东西。故选D项。考查副词词义辨析。句意：我被邻桌一个同年级女生的目光所吸引，我礼貌地挥了挥手。A.politely礼貌地；B.wildly疯狂地；C.coldly冷冷地；D.impatiently不耐烦地。根据上文“Catchingtheeyeofagirlinmygradesittingatanearbytable”可知，作者礼貌地给女孩打招呼。故选A项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病，我永远不会怀疑出了什么问题，我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A.found发现；B.noticed注意到；C.heard听说；D.decided决定。根据常识可知，此处指作者听说了这个女孩家里的不幸。故选C项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病，我永远不会怀疑出了什么问题，我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A.remembered记住；B.suspected怀疑；C.predicted预测；D.regretted后悔。根据“.IfIhadn't5recentlythathermotherwasdyingofleukemia'可知，此处指如果不听说女孩的故事，就不会怀疑有什么问题。故选B项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病，我永远不会怀疑出了什么问题，我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A.willing愿意的；B.outstanding突出的；C.understanding理解；D.demanding要求高的。根据前文句意以及后文'andsympathetic'可知，此处指作者对对方表示理解和同情。故选C项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到，我们在不了解整个故事的情况下，太快地去判断别人。A.escaped逃脱；B.satisfied使满意；C.hit使突然想起；D.attracted吸弓|。Ithit(s)sbthat..."使某人突然想起”是固定句型，符合句意，说明作者突然明白了这个道理。故选C项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校里没人知道——除了几声咳嗽，我没有表现出任何明显的症状。A.diseases疾病；B.symptoms症状；C.complaints抱怨；D.weaknesses弱点。根据语境及后文中的“exceptforafewcoughs”可知，此处指一些不为人注意的症状。故选B项。考查连词词义辨析。句意：我像其他孩子一样过着一天的生活，但我意识到我有一个黑暗而可怕的未来。A.but但是；B.and并且；C.or或者，否则；D.so因此。根据语境可知，前文‘Igoaboutmydaylikeanyotherkid"和后文“withtherealizationthatIhavea_11_andterrifyingfuture'是转折关系。故选A项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我像其他孩子一样过着一天的生活，但我意识到我有一个黑暗而可怕的未来。A.bright明亮的；B.real真实的；C.serious严重的；D.dark黑暗的。根据前文'Ihaveanincurablelungdisease."和后文“terrifying”可知，作者意识到自己未来并不光明(是黑暗的)。故选D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我决定用新的视角看待世界之前，我几乎每天都在自怜。A.tolerate容忍；B.create创造；C.change改变；D.view仔细查看，把视为。根据前文中的“Ilookedaround”以及“butifyoulookeddeeper”和后文“withanewperspective”可知，作者自那天之后，以一种新的视角看待世界。故选D项。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我决定用新的视角看世界之前，我几乎每天都在自怜。A.forgave原谅；B.pitied怜悯，可怜；C.challenged挑战；D.encouraged鼓励。根据前文“Ihaveanincurablelungdisease."和后文“Ithoughtonlyaboutmyself"可知，作者只考虑自己，因自己的不可治愈的疾病而自怜。故选B项。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只想着我自己和我沉重的负担。A.debt债务；B.reward奖励；C.burden负担；D.schedule时间表。根据前文“Ihaveanincurablelungdisease."以及前句中“Ipitiedmyselfalmosteveryday”可知，在作者决定用新视角看世界之前，作者几乎每天都可怜自己，应该是把身患疾病看作沉重的负担。故选C项。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我现在意识到没有人是完美的，我们只需要接受我们本来的样子。A.changeable多变的；B.perfect完美的；C.unique独特的；D.different不同的。根据前文“Ihaveanincurablelungdisease."以及后文“wejustneedtoacceptthewayweare"可知，此处指每个人都不是完美的。故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）【分析】本文是说明文。全文介绍了中华母亲河——黄河，以及由她形成的黄河流域。surrounds考查主谓一致。句意：这河谷围绕着华北的主干河，成为中华数千年历史的中心。主语Thevalley是单数，且全文用一般现在时，因此本句谓动词用第三人称单