2023年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及答案

职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及答案

第1部分：词汇选择

1．Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

A.invented

B.explained

C.considered

D.accepted

2.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

A.heavy

B.strong

C.wild

D.kind

3.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

A.making

B.taking

C.expecting

D.discussing

4.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.waste

B.buy

C.sell

D.use

5.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

A.function

B.ability

C.volume

D.power

6.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

A.tensely

B.nearly

C.closely

D.carefully

7.Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness.

A.excited

B.supported

C.inspired

D.directed

8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.

A.clean

B.perfect

C.brief

D.real

9.Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.

A.suggested

B.warned

C.confirmed

D.stated

10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock.

A.began

B.continued

C.resumed

D.ended

11.Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.

A.substitute

B.sign

C.proof

D.target

12.Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.

A.eager

B.reluctant

C.pleased

D.angry

13.IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.

A.control

B.limit

C.replace

D.offset

14.Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.

A.investigate

B.deny

C.stress

D.create

15.Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.

A.suddenly

B.gradually

C.excessively

D.exceptionally

第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断。假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句旳信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer

Scientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV),oneofmankind’smostfearedviruses,asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody’simmune(免疫旳)defenses,makingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies,accordingtotheObserver.

AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute,oneoftheworld’sleadingresearchcentersonbiologicalsciences,hascreatedaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstartednegotiationswiththeU>S>FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginclinicalgenetherapy(治疗)trialsthisyear.ThefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatientssufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredbysurgeryalthoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIVtechniquewouldhave”farwiderapplications”.

Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceitinvolvesmakinguseofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposewas“shocking”butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappearedbyhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.

Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhenageneinapatient’sbodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthepasttwoyears,breakthroughsingenetics(遗传学)haveledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenesthatdonotfunctionnormally.

Unfortunately,thebody’simmunedefenseshavebeenknowntoattackthemodifiedgenesandmakethemlosetheireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskandprogressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackofasuitablecarrier.

TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,andthendestroy,theimmunedefensecellsdesignedtoprotectourbodiesandthismakesitattractivetoscientistsasawayofsecretlyconveyingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodies.

1FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancerinhumans.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

2TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeenwidelyaccepted.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

3HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

4TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthebody’simmunecells.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

5Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

6Itisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogressinusingreplacementgenestocurecancer.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

7TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子

ExercisingYourMemory

1Agingdoesnotmeanadramaticdeclineinmemorypower,unlessyouhelpithelpbylettingyourmindgo.

2That'snottosaythatmemorydoesn'tchangethroughoutlife.Researchersdividememoryintocategoriesbasedonthelengthoftimewhenmemoriesarestored.Onesystemdividesitupasshort-term(lessthanoneminute;rememberingatelephonenumberwhileyoudial,forinstance),long-term(overaperiodofyears)andverylong-termmemory(overalifetime).

3Short-termmemoryisn'tmastereduntilaboutage7,butafterthatyouneverloseit.Long-termmemory,however,involvesmoreeffortandskillandchangesthroughlife.It'snotuntiltheearlyteensthatmostpeopledevelopamaturelong-termmemory.

4First,wemustgetinformationintoourheadsthroughlearning.Learningstrategiescangetrusty(生锈旳，迟钝旳)withoutconstantuse.Highschoolandcollegestudents,whoareforcedtorepeatedlyexercisetheirlong-termmemoryabilities(atleastlong-termenoughtogetthemthroughafinalexam),usuallydowellonmemorytests.Thelongeryoustayinschool,themorechanceyougettopolishyourlearningskills.It'snowonderthatmorehighlyeducatedpeoplehavemoreeffectivememoryskillsthroughoutlife.

5Althougholderpeopleingenerallearnsomewhatmoreslowlythantheydidwhenyounger,adramaticdifferenceexistsbetweenthosewhostayintellectuallyactive--reading,discussing,takingclasses,thinking--andthosewhodonot.Givingthebrainadailyworkoutisjustasimportantasexercisingyourmuscles.Brainworkkeepsyourlearningstrategiesinshape,andthishelpsyourmemorytofunctionatfullcapacity.

6Thenextpartofahealthylong-termmemoryisretention（保持力，记忆力）,theabilitytostorewhatyouhavelearned.Memoryresearchersstilldonotknowwhethermemoriesarelost--whethertheystillexistinthebrainnutourmentalsearchingcannotturnthemup,orhavedisappearedentirelyasourbrainages.

7Thethirdnecessityformemoryisrecall,theabilitytomindthememorieswehavestored.Again,whileaginghaswidelydifferenteffectsontherecallabilitiesofdifferentpeople,researchindicatesthattheolderweget,thelongerittakestorecallfacts.Butslowerrecallisstillrecall.Infact,agingdoesnotseemtohaveanyeffectonforgettingatall,whichtakesplaceatthesamerateinyoungerandolderpeople.

23.Paragraph3_________

24.Paragraph4_________

25.Paragraph5_________

26.Paragraph6___________

A.Effectsofagingonaperson'srecallability

B.short-termmemoryversuslong-termmemory

C.retentionasthesecondnecessityformemory

D.likebetweenlearningstrategiesandeffectivememoryskills

E.Significanceofexercisingyourmuscles

F.importanceofstayingintellectuallyactive

27.Retentionrefersto_____________.

28.Therateofforgettingisthesame_____________.

29.Rememberingsomethingallyourlife_____________.

30.Exercisingyourbraineverydayisbeneficial_____________.

A.totheproperfunctionofyourmemory

B.iscalledlong-termmemory

C.thecapacitytostorewhatyouhavelearned

D.belongstoeverylong-termmemory

E.theabilitytoremainmentallyhealthy

F.foryoungerandolderpeople

第4部分：阅读理解

第一篇

FirstAid

Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Itmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperature,aclearairway(气道),andbreathing.Inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim’sconditionfromturningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.

First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim’sneedsandtheprovider’slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinal(脊柱旳)injuryandparalysis(瘫痪).

Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assessthescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson’sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病)orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedforamedicalbracelet(手镯)orcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.

Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim’sconditionisknownbytheacronym(首字母缩写词)ABC,whichstandsfor:

A-Airway:isitopenandclear?

B-Breathing:isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.

C-Circulation:isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleedingexternally?Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.

31.FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXPECT

A.savingavictim’slife.

B.preventingavictim’sconditionfromgettingworse.

C.relievingavictimfrompain.

D.helpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury.

32.Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisveryimportantforus

A.tomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo.

B.torefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.

C.toremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.

D.totakehimtoahospitalatonce.

33.Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall

A.removehimfromtheaccidentscene.

B.turnhimover.

C.callforprofessionalmedicalhelp.

D.examinehimcarefully.

34.Youmayassessavictim’sconditionbyallthefollowingEXPECT

A.checkingwhetherthereisapulse.

B.looking,listeningandfeelingforbreathing.

C.replacinghismedicalbraceletorcard.

D.examiningwhethertheairwayisopenandclear.

35.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthereader

A.theimportanceofprotectingtheaccidentscene.

B.somebasicfactsaboutfirstaid.

C.whatprofessionalmedicalhelpis.

D.whocanadministerfirstaid.

第二篇

StressatWorkandStillHealthy

Thetermcouldyetbecomethewordoftheyear;stressisoneveryone’slipsthesedaysandeverywhere.Notonlymanagers,officialsandteachersarecomplainingnowadays,housewives,childrenandpensionersnowalsohavetheirownproblems.Theytoosacrificethemselvesforothers,feelunder-oroverworkedandquicklylosetheirinnerbalance.Irritation,tirednessandexhaustionquicklyfollow.Butthatisonlythenegativeaspect.Stress,afterall,isalsolinkedtopositivetermssuchasjoyoflife,tensionandvitality(活力).

“Firstly,stressishealthy,”saysWolfgangStehlingfromEltvelle.Thedoctorandmanagementconsultantsays:”Itoccurswhenthebodylosesitsinnerbalance,butthenstresshormonesareproducedtore-establishthebalance.”Thusstressisnothingmorethanapositivereactionofthebodytopressure.Itisunavoidableaspartofournature:”Thereisnosuchthingasastress-freelife.”

Butwhetherstressleadstotensionsinthemindortotensenessofthemusclesdependsontheduration（持续时间）,itscauseorcausesandthesufferer’spersonalsituation.Peoplewhohavetroublesleepingorsufferfrombadmoodsorsimplythefluwillnotbeontopoftheworldandwilltakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress.Others,peoplewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn,arerelaxedandsuccessful,willviewadifficultroundofnegotiationsorcompetitionatworkmoreasapositivechallengethanacrosstobear.

Exercise,healthyeatingandrelaxingarethusthethreepillarsbywhichstresscanbeconqueredalmosteverytime.Thesefactorsformaunit,explainsMaritaVoelker-Albert,spokeswomanforthegovernment’sNutritionAdviceCenterinCologne.Itscampaign“GutDrauf”(FeelingGood)istargetedatyoungpeople.Thegovernmentagency’sresearchsuggeststhatthreeoutoffouradolescentsfeeltired,overtaxed(承担过重)andunderstress.Eatingdisordersandcomplaintssuchasmigraines(偏头痛)andindigestion(消化不良),nervousnessandconcentrationproblemshaveincreasedamong12-to16-year-olds.

Buteventhebestsolutionsdon’tworkiftheyarenotputintopractice,saysStehling.Anybodywhogoesjoggingregularly,practicesyoga(瑜伽功)andprescribesgoodliteratureasacurefornegativestress,maywellendupundermorepressureashetriestofindthetimeforitall.Sometimes,saystheconsultant,ithelpstotaketimeouttoreducestresslevelsoveraweekend.

36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectviewonstress?

A.Stresshasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.

B.Stressisonlyapositivereactionofthebodytopressure.

C.Stressonlyleadstoseriousproblems.

D.Stressisunavoidableaspartofournature.

37.Apersonwhohaslosthisinnerbalancemaysoonfeel

A.fitandhealthy.

B.under-oroverworked.

C.relaxedandhappy.

D.irritated,tiredandexhausted.

38.Whowilleasilytakeeverylittlestrifeasnegativestress?

A.Thosewhosufferfromtheflu.

B.Thosewhoareingoodmoods.

C.Thosewhoaresuccessful.

D.Thosewhofeelrefreshedateverynewturn.

39.Allthefollowingcomplaintsaresaidtohaveincreasedamongchildrenaged12to16EXPECT

A.painfulheadache.

B.indigestion.

C.nervousnessandconcentrationproblems.

D.lossofmemory.

40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblecurefornegativestress?

A.Readinggoodliterature.

B.Practicingyoga.

C.Havingahealthydiet.

D.Workingovertime.

第三篇

IstheNewsBelievable?

Unlessyouhavegonethroughtheexperienceyourself,orwatchedalovedone’sstruggle,youreallyhavenoideajusthowdesperatecancercanmakeyou.Youpray,yourage,youbargainwithGod,butmostofallyouclutchatanyhope,nomatterhowremote,ofasecondchanceatlife.

Forafewexciteddayslastweek,however,itseemedasifthewholeworldwasacancerpatientandthatallhumankindhadbeengrantedareprieve(痛苦减轻).TriggeredbyafrontmedicalnewsstoryintheusuallyreservedNewYorkTimes,allanybodywastalkingaboutontheradio,ontelevision,ontheInternet,inphonecallstofriendsandrelativeswasthereportthatacombinationoftwonewdrugscould,astheTimesputit,“curecancerintwoyears.”

Inamatterofhourspatientshadjammedtheirdoctors’phonelinesbeggingforachancetotestthemiraclecancercure.Cancerscientistsracedtothephonestomakesureeveryoneknewabouttheirresearchtoo,generatinganewroundofheadlines.

Thetimecertainlyseemedripeforabreakthroughincancer.OnlylastmonthscientistsattheNationalCancerInstituteannouncedthattheywerehaltingaclinicaltrialofadrugcalledtamoxifen(他莫昔芬)andofferingittopatientsgettingtheplacebo(安慰剂)becauseithadprovedsoeffectiveatpreventingbreastcancer(althoughitalsoseemedtoincreasetheriskofuterine(子宫旳)cancer).TwoweekslatercametheNewYorkTimes’reportthattwonewdrugscouldshrinktumorsofeveryvarietywithoutanysideeffectswhatsoever.

Itallseemedtoogoodtobetrue,andofcourseitwas.Therearenomiraclecancerdrugs,atleastnotyet.Atthisstageallthedrugmanufacturescanofferissomeveryinterestingmolecules,andtheonlycancerstheyhavecuredsofarhavebeeninmice.Bythemiddleoflastweek,eventheTVtalk-showhostswhotalkedmostaboutthenewshadlearnedwhateveryscientistalreadyknew:thatcuringadiseaseinlabanimalsisnotthesameasdoingitinhumans.“Thehistoryofcancerresearchhasbeenahistoryofcuringcancerinthemouse,”Dr.RichardKlausner,headoftheNationalCancerInstitute,toldtheLosAngelesTimes.“Wehavecuredmiceofcancerfordecadesanditsimplydidn’tworkinpeople.”

41.Accordingtothepassage,apersonsufferingfromcancerwill

A.giveupanyhope.

B.prayforthehealthofhislovedones.

C.seizeeverychanceofsurvival.

D.gooutofhiswaytohelpothers.

42.Theunprecedentedinterestinthecureofcancerwasarousedby

A.anationwidediscussionofthetopic.

B.anannouncementbytheNationalCancerInstitute.

C.amedicalnewsstoryintheLosAngelesTimes.

D.areportintheNewYorkTimes.

43.AccordingtotheNewYorkTimes’report,acombinationoftwonewdrugscould

A.preventbreastcancer.

B.reducethesizeofalltumors.

C.curevariousdiseases.

D.preventuterinecancer.

44.Inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph,“itwas”means

A.“itwastoogoodtobetrue.”

B.“itwastrue.”

C.“itwasamiracledrug.”

D.“itwasgood.”

45.Thehistoryofcancerresearchhasshownthat

A.miraclecancerdrugsoftenturnupunexpectedly.

B.themassmediacanworkwonders.

C.animalsandhumansaresimilarinbehaviour.

D.curingcancersinmiceismucheasierthaninhumans.

第5部分：补全短文

ANewMedicinetoTreatBothAIDSandHepatitisB

AmedicineapprovedlastmothtotreatAIDS(艾滋病)alsoshowspromiseagainsthepatitisB(乙肝炎).

Thedrug,3TC,putsdownthehepatitisBvirusinpeoplewithchronicinfections,stoppingitsdamagetotheliver,researchersreported.

AboutonemillionAmericansarethoughttobeinfectedwithhepatitisB,whichcanleadtocirrhosis(肝硬化),liverfailureandlivercancerinasmallproportionofvictimsifleftuntreated.__________(46).

“It’sapreliminarystudy,butthisispromising.ItlookslikeithasthepotentialtomakeasignificantimpactonhepatitisB,”saidDrJulesL.DienstagofMassachusettsGeneral

CurrentlytheonlytreatmentforhepatitisBisinterferon(干扰素).Suchatreatmentcanpermanentlyeliminatethevirusinaboutone-thirdofpatients.___________(47).

Inthelateststudy,doctorsfoundthat3TCappearedtoknockouttheviruspermanentlyinabout20%ofpatientswhengivenforthreemonths.___________(48)

Unlikeinterferon;3TCisgiveninpillformandcarriesfewsideeffects.ThedrugwasapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministrationinNovemberforuseagainstAIDS.

BoththehepatitisBvirusandtheAIDSvirusneedaproteintoreproduce.___________(49).DoctorshavetestedsimilarAIDSdrugsagainsthepatitisB.butallexcept3TChaveturnedouttobeineffectiveortootoxic(有毒旳)。

DrJayHoofnagleoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidanextstepwillbetocombine3TCwithinterferontoseeifthetwodrugstogetherimprovethechanceofcuringhepatitisB.“Itlooksextremelypromising,”hesaidof3TC__________(50)

Ainterferonmustbeinjectedforfourtosixmonthsandoftenhasunpleasantsideeffects,includingflu-likesymptoms,fatigueanddepression.

BThehospitalisamongthebiggestonesinAmerica.

CDienstagsaidhehopesthatwithlongertreatment,thisresponseratecanbedoubled.

D“It’snottheanswer,butit’sastepintherightdirection.”

EPerhaps20%ofthesepatientshavelingering(迁延性旳)infectionsthatwouldbenefitffromtreatment.

F3TCisoneofagroupofdrugsthatblockproductionofthisprotein.

第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）

阅读下面旳短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项同，请根据短文旳内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡对应旳位置上ASpecialClock

Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclock________(51)plantswhentoformflowersa