Unit 4 Reading and thinking Language points课件-高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit4LanguagePointsI.GrammarscanII.ExerciseI.GrammarscanTheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfused

by①what

thesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany？②GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle．Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.①what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。②Gettingtoknow…是动名词短语作主语。Paragraph1Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later，inthe18thcentury，thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury，theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK，③whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”，④whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.③which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中wehavetoday是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰thefullname。④which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。Paragraph2Thefourcountries⑤that

belongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,⑥knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitary

defence.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample，England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions,liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.⑤关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰thefourcountries，that在从句中作主语。⑥过去分词短语knownastheUnionJack作后置定语，修饰thesameflag。Paragraph3TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinteresting⑦historytoexplore,⑧whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.⑨AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeople⑩who

tookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,⑪theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.⑦不定式toexplore作定语，修饰history。⑧which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰history，which在从句中作主语。⑨…everywhereyougointheUK是状语从句，everywhere“处处，到处”，引导状语从句。⑩who引导的定语从句，修饰fourdifferentgroupsofpeople，who在从句中作主语。⑪theRomans作thefirstgroup的同位语。Paragraph4Next，theAnglo­-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchanged⑫thewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury，leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary，andalsothenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-­knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.They⑬hadcastlesbuiltallaroundEnglandandmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench，somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.⑫thewaypeoplebuilthouses是省略了关系代词that或inwhich的定语从句，修饰theway，that或inwhich在从句中作方式状语。⑬hadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland是havesthdone结构，表示“让某事被做”。Paragraph4⑭ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.⑮Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,⑯asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.Checkthemeaningofwordsingreen.⑭Thereissomuchmoretolearn…是“Therebe＋主语＋todo”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。⑮此句中动名词短语作主语；make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)。⑯此句中as引导原因状语从句；that引导的定语从句修饰anancientportcity；现在分词短语作后置定语修饰ahistory。Paragraph5III.Exercises课文语法填空TheUnitedKingdomortheUK1.

__________(make)upoffourcountries.TheyareEngland，Wales，ScotlandandNorthernIreland.Ithas2.

_______interestingandlonghistory.Everywhereyougointhecountry，youwillbesurrounded3.________evidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.TheRomans,4.__________achievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads,camefirstinthefirstcentury.TheninthefifthcenturyarrivedAnglo­-SaxonswhointroducedthebeginningsofEnglishlanguageandchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury.Theyleftbehindlotsofnewvocabularyandalsothenamesofmany5.___________(location)acrosstheUK.Thelastgroup,theNormans,6.

___________(conquer)Englandinthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastles7.___________(build)allaroundthere.TheNormanswereinfactFrench，somanyFrenchwords8.

___________(slow)enteredintotheEnglishlanguage.TheUKisa9.

___________(fascinate)mixofhistoryandmodernculture.Ifyoukeepeyesopen，youwillbesurprised10.

___________(find)thatyoucanseebothitspastandpresent.ismadewhoseanbylocationsslowlybuiltconqueredfascinatingtofindaswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA:IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!There’sEngland,Britain,___________GreatBritain!B:Well,ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat__