2020年12月四级真题第3套

机密*启用前大学英语四级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour——(2020年12月第3套)试题册

敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡1,得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理：.未正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteonthetopicChangesintheWayofCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension(25minutes)特别说明六级考试每次仅考两套听力，第三套听力试题同第一套或第二套试题一致(40minutes)(40minutes)(40minutes)ReadingComprehensionSectionA(40minutes)Directions：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thethingspeoplemake,andthewaytheymakethem,determinehowcitiesgrowanddecline,andinfluencehowempiresriseandfall.So,anydisruptiontotheworld'sfactories26.Andthatdisruptionissurelycoming.Factoriesarebeingdigitised,filledwithnewsensorsandnewcomputerstomakethemquicker,more27,andmoreefficient.Robotsarebreakingfreefromthecagesthatsurroundthem,learningnewskillsandnewways28aworldwhereyoucanmakeanything,anywhere,fromacomputeriseddesign.Thatvisionis29_closertoreality.Theseforceswillleadtocleanerfactories,producingbettergoodsatlowerprices,personalisedtoourindividualneedsanddesires.Humanswillbe30manyofthedirty,repetitive,anddangerousjobsthathavelongbeena31offactorylife.Greaterefficiency32meansfewerpeoplecandothesamework.Yetfactorybossesinmanydevelopedcountriesareworriedaboutalackofskilledhumanworkers一andsee33androbotsasasolution.ButeconomistHelenaLeurentsaysthisperiodofrapidchangeinmanufacturingisa34opportunitytomaketheworldabetterplace.“Manufacturingistheonesystemwhereyouhavegotthebiggestsourceofinnovation,thebiggestsourceofeconomicgrowth,andthebiggest'sanopportunityto35thatsystemdifferently,andifwecan,itwillhavetremendoussignificance.”I)interactionJ)leaningI)interactionJ)leaningK)mattersL)movingM)promisedN)shapeO)sparedI)interactionJ)leaningK)mattersL)movingM)promisedN)shapeI)interactionJ)leaningK)mattersL)movingM)promisedN)shapeO)sparedenormouslyfantasticE)fascinatedF)featureG)flexibleH)inevitablySectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHistoryoftheLunchBoxItwasmadeofshiny,brightpinkplasticwithaLittleMermaidstickeronthefront,andIcarrieditwithmenearlyeverysingleday.Mylunchboxwasoneofmyfirstprizedpossessions,aproudstatementtoeveryoneinmykindergarten:461loveMermaid-Arielonmylunchbox.”Thatbulkycontainerservedmewellthroughmyfirstandsecondgrades,untilthelive-actionversionof101Dalmatianshittheaters,andIneededthenewestredplasticboxwithcharacterslikePongoandPerditaonthefront.IknowI'mnotalonehere——Ibetyoulovedyourfirstlunchbox,too.LunchboxeshavebeenconnectingkidstocartoonsandTVshowsandsuper-heroesfordecades.Butitwasn^tevenboxes.Asschoolshavechangedinthepastcentury,themiddaymealcontainerhasevolvedrightalongwiththem.Let'sstartbackatthebeginningofthe20thcentury-thebeginningofthelunchboxstory,really.Whiletherewereneighborhoodschoolsincitiesandsuburbs,one-roomschoolhouseswerecommoninruralareas.Asgrandparentshavebeensayingforgenerations,kidswouldtravelmilestoschoolinthecountryside(oftenonfoot).“Youhadkidsinruralareaswhocouldn'tgohomefromschoolforlunch,sobringingyourlunchwrappedinacloth,inoiledpaper,inalittlewoodenboxorsomethinglikethatwasaverylong-standingruraltraditionJG)，Butthesecontainerswerereallydurable,lastingyearsonend.Thatwasgreatfortheconsumer,notsomuchforthemanufacturer.SoexecutivesatAladdinhitonanideathatwouldharnessthenewfoundpopularityoftelevision.TheycoveredlunchboxeswithstrikingredpaintandaddedapictureofTVandradiocowboyHopalongCassidyonthefront.Thecompanysold600,000unitsthefirstyear.Itwasamajor"Ah-ha!”moment,andawaveofothermanufacturersjumpedonboardtocapitalizeonnewTVshowsandmovies."ThePartridgeFamily,theAddamsFamily,theSixMillionDollarMan,theBionicWoman一everythingthatwasontelevisionendeduponalunchboxj'sthefounderoftheLunchBoxMuseuminColumbus,Georgia."ItwasagreatmarketingtoolbecausekidsweretakingthatTVshowtoschoolwiththem,andthenwhentheygothometheyhadthemcapturedbackonTV,“hesays.Andyes,youreadthatright:Thereisalunchboxmuseum,rightneartheChattahoocheeRiver.Woodallhasmorethan2,000itemsondisplay.Hisfavorite?TheGreenHornetlunchbox,becauseheusedtolistentotheradioshowbackinthe1940s.Thenewtrendwasalsoagreatexampleofplannedobsolescence,thatis,todesignaproductsothatitwillsoonbecomeunfashionableorimpossibletouseandwillneedreplacing.Kidswouldbegforanewlunchboxeveryyeartokeepupwiththenewestcharacters,eveniftheiroldlunchboxwasperfectlyusable.Themetallunchboxcrazelasteduntilthemid-1980s,whenplastictookover.Twotheoriesexistastowhy.Thefirst一andmostlikely一isthatplastichadsimplybecomecheaper.Thesecondtheory一possiblyanurbanmyth一isthatconcernedparentsinseveralstatesproposedbansonmetallunchboxes,claimingkidswereusingthemas“weapons"tohitoneanother.There'salotontheinternetaboutastate-widebaninFlorida,butafewdaysworthofdiggingbyahistorianattheFloridaStateHistoricalSocietyfoundnosuchlegislation.Eitherway,themetallunchboxwasout.Thelastfewdecadeshavebroughtanewlunchboxrevolution,ofsorts.Plasticboxeschangedtolinedclothsacks,andeventually,globalismbroughttiffincontainersfromIndiaandbentoboxesfromJapan.Eventheoldmetallunchboxeshaveregainedpopularity."Idon'tthinkthe/zeyday(鼎盛时期)haspassed；”〕thinkithasevolved.Thedaysoftheready-made,"youstickitinalunchboxandcarryittoschooParekindofdone.”Theintroductionofbackpackschangedthelunchboxsceneabit,headds.Oncekidsstartedcarryingbookbags,thatbulkytraditionallunchboxwashardtofitinside."Butyoucan'tjustthrowasandwichinabackpackJayasekarasays."Itstillhastogointoacontainer.9,Thatis,inpart,whysmallerandsoftercontainershavetakenoff-theyfitintobackpacks.Anddon'tworry——whetherit'saplasticbentoboxoraclothbag,lunchcontainerscanstilleasilybecoveredwithpopularculture.“Wekeeppacewiththemovieindustriessowecanpredictwhichcharactersaregoingtobepopularforthecomingmonths,^Jayasekarasays."Youknow,kidsarekids.”36.Lunchcontainerswerenotnecessaryforschoolkidsincities.41.Schoolkidsareeagertogetanewlunchboxeveryyeartostayinfashion.SectionCDirections:fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)cmdD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.,healthbenefitsandtheirfunfactor.Althoughebikesfirstappearedinthe90s,cheaperoptionsandlonger-lastingbatteriesarebreathingnewlifeintotheconcept.Establishedbikecompaniesandstartupsareembracingebikestomeetdemand.About34millionebikesweresoldworldwidelastyear,accordingtodatafromeCycleElectricConsultants.Mostweremarkethasgrownto263,000bikes,a25%gainfromtheprioryear.Theindustryisbenefitingfromimprovedbatteriesassuppliersovertheyearsdevelopedtechnologyforlaptops,smartphonesandelectriccars.In2004,thepriceofbatteriesusedonebikesfell,spurringEuropeansales.Motivate,LimeBikeandSpin,announcedelectricbicycleswillbeaddedtotheirfleets.NewYork-basedJumpFranciscoThursday.Ridescost$2for30minutes.Thesystemworkslikeexistingdocklessbikesharesystems,whereridersunlockbikesthroughasmartphoneapp/'Thisisthebeginningofalong-termshiftawayfromregular踏板)toelectricbikesjsaidJumpBikesCEORyanRzepecki."Whenpeoplefirstjumponanebike,theirfacelightsup.It'sexcitingandjoyfulinawaythatyoudon'tgetfromaregularbike.”Twoyearsago,CEOChrisCocalisofPivotCycles,whichsellshigh-endmountainbikes,found'tinterestedinstockingebikes.SomeretailerswarnedCocalisthatthey'ddropthebrandifitcameoutwithanelectricbike.Nowthatsalesaretakingoff,thevastmajorityofbikedealersareaskingCocaliswhenhe'llmakeanebikeavailable."There'stremendousopportunitytogetagenerationofpeopleforwhomsufferingisn'ttheirthing,“Cocalissaid."Ebikeridersgettheenjoyablepartofcyclingwithoutthemassivesufferingofclimbinghugehills.”Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutebikes?Theirhealthbenefitsandfunvaluesoutweightheircost.TheydidnotcatchpublicattentionintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1990s.Theydidnotbecomepopularuntiltheemergenceofimprovedbatteries.Theirwidespreaduseisattributabletopeople'senvironmentalawareness.WhatbroughtabouttheboostinebikesalesinEuropeatthebeginningofthecentury?Updatedtechnologyofbikemanufacture.Thefallingpricesofebikebatteries.Changedfashioninshort-distancetravel.Therisingcostsformakingelectriccars.WhatistheprospectofthebikeindustryaccordingtoRyanRzepecki?Morewillbeinvestedinbikebatteryresearch.Thesalesofebikeswillincrease.Itwillprofitfromebikesharing.Itwillmakeadifferenceinpeople'sdailylives.WhatpreventedChrisCocalisfromdevelopingebikessooner?Retailers5refusaltodealinebikes.Highprofitsfromconventionalbikes.Users,concernaboutrisksofebikeriding.Hisfocusonsellingcostlymountainbikes.WhatmakesChrisCocalisbelievethereisagreateropportunityforebikesales?Thefurtherloweringofebikeprices.Thepublic'sconcernfortheirhealth.Theincreasinginterestinmountainclimbing.Theyoungergeneration'spursuitofcomfortableriding.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theterms"globalwarming”and“climatechange“areusedbymany,seeminglyinterchangeably.Butdotheyreallymeanthesamething?Scientistsshapedthehistoryofthetermswhileattemptingtoaccuratelydescribehowhumanscontinuetoaltertheplanet.Later,politicalstrategistsadoptedthetermstoinfluencepublicopinion.In1975,geochemistWallaceBroeckerintroducedtheterm"climatechange”inanarticlepublishedbyScience.In1979,aNationalAcademyofSciencesreportusedtheterm“globalwarming"todefineincreasesintheEarth'saveragesurfacetemperature,while“climatechange"morebroadlyreferredtothenumerouseffectsofthisincrease,suchassea-levelriseandoceanacidification^.Duringthefollowingdecades,someindustrialistsandpoliticianslaunchedacampaigntosowdoubtinthemindsoftheAmericanpublicabouttheabilityoffossil-fueluse,deforestationandotherhumanactivitiestoinfluencetheplanet'sclimate.Worduseplayedacriticalroleindevelopingthatdoubt.Forexample,thelanguageandpollsexpertFrankLuntzwroteamemoencouragingtheuseof“climatechange"becausethephrasesoundedlessscarythan“globalwarmingJreportedtheGuardian.However,Luntz'srecommendationwasn,NASAusedtheterm"climatechange^^becauseitmoreaccuratelyreflectsthewiderangeofchangestotheplanetcausedbyincreasingamountsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thedebateisn'tnew.Acenturyago,chemistSvanteArrheniusstartedoneofthefirstdebatesoverthepotentialforhumanstoinfluencetheplanet'sclimate.ArrheniuscalculatedthecapabilityofcarbondioxidetotrapheatintheEarth'satmosphere,butotherchemistsdisagreed.Somearguedthathumanswerentproducingenoughgreenhousegases,whileothersclaimedtheeffectswouldbetiny.Now,ofcourse,weknowthatwhateveryoucallit,humanbehavioriswarmingtheplanet,withgraveconsequencesahead.Whydid