高考语法专题-过去分词

PastParticiple(Revision)I.基本形式和意义动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成-ed分词短语.动词-ed形式的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。Whathappenedtothepeopleinthepicture?Theyare

injured

intheearthquake.StepⅠusedasAttribute

Whatshouldwedowiththesepeople?Weshouldsendtheinjured

peopletohospitalassoonaspossible.Theyfounda

damaged

caratthegateofthepark.(2)Iboughtsome

painted

chairs.(3)Helivesinthehouse

builtbyhisfather.(4)Haveyoureadthisbook

writtenbyLuXun？1.单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。

(1)Heisoneof

those

invited.

(2)Nothing

reported

(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.

(3)Hewantedtointerview

someone

relatedto

thematter.2.过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those

等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass

一颗破碎的心

丧家之犬

已升起的太阳一次有组织的旅行

一个破玻璃杯

Practice:pleaseanalyzethefunctionsofthepastparticiples

在既定的时间内用所给的单词被通缉的人被聘工人关切的神情有关人士inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcerned{{{3.过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

(1)Welivedinahouse

builtbymyfather.(2)Thelecture

givenbyProfessorZhang

isabout

environmentalprotection.Welivedinahouse

thatwasbuiltbymyfather.Thelecture

whichwasgivenbyProfessorZhang

isaboutenvironmentalprotection.boilingwater=waterthatisboilingboiled

water=waterthathasboiled正在沸腾的水已经沸腾过的水polluted

water

printed

articles

已经被污染的水已经被打印的文章4.现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词才表示一个完成且被动的动作。退休工人逃犯归国留学生Comparethefollowings:(正在变化的)(变化了的)

(正在凋谢的)(已经凋谢了的)(发展的)(发达的)(正在飘落的)(已经飘落了的)thechangingworldthechangedworldfadingflowersfadedflowersfallingleavesfallenleavesadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountryretiredworkersanescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

e.g.

Ihavemuchwork

todo.

Thebuilding

tobefinished

attheendofthisyearwillbe

ourlabbuilding.

Thebird

singinginthetree

isverybeautiful.

Didyouseetheboy

beingquestioned

bythepolice?5.todo

tobedonedoingbeingdone表示一个将来的动作表示一个正在进行的被动动作表示一个将来的被动动作表示一个正在进行的主动动作﹡﹡Thedifferences(usedasAttribute)Iknowthepeople

building

thehousethere.Thehouse

beingbuilt

overthereisashop.Thehouse

built

overthereisashop.(主动、进行）(被动、进行)(被动、完成）Completethefollowingsentences:Doyouknowtheman___________________________(跟我们数学老师谈话的)？Ilostthepen___________________(我叔叔买的)。talkingtoourmathsteacherboughtbymyuncle6.有时通过一个数词或形容词加另一名词的过去分词可构成生动形象的复合形容词e.g.athree-leggeddeskaone-eyedgeneralanhonest-facedmanfiveblue-eyedforeignerswarm-heartedgood-tempered一张三条腿的桌子一个独眼的将军一个长相诚实的男人五个蓝眼睛的外国人Exercises1.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell

.

A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending2.Theprizeofthegameshowis＄30,000andanallexpenses_____vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid3.Thedisc,digitally___inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded4.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany,___as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown

BBABStepⅡusedasPredicative

Thefilmis

moving.

Theaudiencesfeel/are

moved.1.-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别

Theresult

ofthetestis

disappointing.I

feel

disappointed

intheresultofthetest.{Whata

surprising

result!Iam

surprised

atwhathesaid.{Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。Fillintheblankswiththerightform.

1.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas______(bore)andlonely.2.Jacklookedevenmore_________(amaze)thanhefelt.3.Theresultswerevery______________(disappoint).4.Iwasthankedbythe__________(satisfy)customer.amazedboreddisappointingsatisfiedThewindowis

broken.

Thewindow

wasbroken

bytheboy.

Conclusion:be+

过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者,后常跟by短语。2.过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别Compare:{（1）完全形容词化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。（2）有的动词-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。（3）其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed形式

，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily--populated等。3.注意事项4.动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句。e.g.:Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.I’msatisfiedthatyoudidn’ttellmealie.1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot___frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC．lostD.missed2.Idon’tknowtherestaurant，butitis____tobequiteagoodone.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked3.Theyoungmanseemstobe_____inlaw．

A.interestingB.interestedC.interestD.beinginterested4.Haveyoureadthenewsintoday'snewspaper？Thisnewssounds_____.

A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage5.Shallwegoswimming?OK.I’lljustgoandget_____.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changingExercises:AABAAStepⅢusedasObjectComplement及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态。

Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.2.现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作;现在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作。

Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.Thethiefwasbroughtin

withhishandstied

behindhisback.

Withalltheworkfinished,hewentback.（1）让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做（2）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果1.havesthdone

Yesterdayshe

hadherwalletstolen.

Theoldman

hadhislegbroken

intheaccident.

2.介词with＋宾语＋过去分词Thevillagers

hadmanytreesplanted

justthen.

Ihave

hadmybikerepaired.ATTENTION﹡﹡Exercises:1.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.

A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained2.Helenhadtoshout____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makeherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard3.Ifyouwant_____immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdoneDDB4.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_____inthekitchen.

A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutBC1.作时间状语Toldofhismother’saccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.2.作原因状语Caughtintherain,hehadafever.InspiredbyOprahWinfery,shebecameconfident.StepⅣusedasAdverbial3.作条件状语Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.4.作让步状语Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Evenifgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotsucceed.5.作方式状语Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured.6.作伴随状语Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.Seen

fromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.Seeing

fromthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.3.

Havingstudied

hard,hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam.4.Havingbeentold

tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage.Conclusion:1.过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示“完成”和“被动”,但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作;而后者的时间性不强。7.动词的–ed形式与-ing

形式作状语的区别：doing

havingdonedonehavingbeendone与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生Thedifferences(used

asAdverbial)﹡﹡Exercises:1.____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput2.____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

A.Dressed B.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed3.____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.

A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing4.When_____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered5.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingin