大学英语四级历年真题及详解

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Part

Ⅰ

Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellabicycleyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,features,conditionandprice9andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast

120

wordsbutnomorethan

180

words.【审题构思】题目要求考生写一则卖二手自行车的广告。广告内容包括自行车的品牌、特点、情况和价格以及自己的联系方式。题目要求的这些信息必须涵盖在作文中，考生可以适当增加一些内容，如自己的个人信息、卖二手自行车的原因等。【参考范文】Usedbicycleonsale(1)

AusedCanyonbikeisonsale!

(2)

Thoughused,it’sstillafastandreliableroadbike,foritiswellmaintained,perfectforanystandardofriders(beginnerrightthroughtocompetitiveclubcyclists)withsuitableseatandstrongtires.(3)

Thebikewasboughttwoyearsagofor1000yuan,anditisnowsoldatonly388yuan

(soitisarealbargain!Besides,thepriceisnegotiable)!(4)

Iwantthisbiketobesoldasquicklyaspossible,forIamaseniorstudentwhoisabouttograduateandleavethecampusinthenearfuture.

(5)

Pleasefeelfreetocontactmeifyouareinterestedinthisbike.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutmoredetailsofthebike,pleasecontactmea【行文点评】(1)开门见山，介绍自行车品牌。(2)让步状语从句，且though引导的从句因为与主句主语相同，省略了主语和be动词。(3)使用了被动语态。(4)介绍了自己的个人信息和出售二手自行车的原因。(5)使用了if引导的条件状语从句。feelfreetodosth.随意，尽管。Part

Ⅱ

ListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1

A)Theself-drivingsystemwasfaulty.B)Thecarwasmovingatafastspeed.C)Themaninthecarwasabsent-minded.D)Thetestdrivermadeawrongjudgment.2

A)Theyhavegenerallydonequitewell.B)Theyhavecausedseveralseverecrashes.C)Theyhaveposedathreattootherdrivers.D)Theyhavedonebetterthanconventionalcars.【答案与解析】1

D

录音中提到，测试人员认为公交车会减速或停下，以便让自动驾驶汽车并入车流因此并没有转换到人工驾驶模式。所以测试人员判断失误是导致事故发生的原因。2

A

录音末尾提到“Thecompany’sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.”，谷歌的自动驾驶汽车在美国各州超过100万英里的行驶里程中运行良好，目前也只是出现过小事故。【录音原文】OneofGoogle’sself-drivingcarscrashedintoabusinCalifornialastmonth.Therewerenoinjuries.ItisnotthefirsttimeoneofGoogle’sfamedself-drivingcarshasbeeninvolvedinacrash,butitmaybethefirsttimeithascausedone.OnFebruary14ththeself-drivingcar,travelingat2mph,pulledoutinfrontofapublicbusgoing15mph.[1]ThemanintheGooglevehiclereportedthatheassumedthebuswouldslowdowntoletthecarout,andsohedidnotswitchtothemanualmode.

Inastatement,Googlesaid,“Wedearlybearsomeresponsibility,becauseifourcarhadn’tmoved,therewouldn’thavebeenacrash.[1]

Thatsaid,ourtestdriverbelievedthebuswasgoingtosloworstoptoallowustomergeintothetraffic,

andthattherewouldbesufficientspacetodothat.”[2]

Thecompany’sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1

AccordingtoGoogle,whatwasthecauseoftheaccident?2

HowhaveGoogle’sself-drivingcarsperformedsofar?

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3

A)Heisaqueenbeespecialist.B)Heworksatanationalpark.C)Heremovedthebeesfromtheboot.D)Hedrovethebeesawayfromhiscar.4

A)Theyweremakingalotofnoise.B)Theywerelookingafterthequeen.C)Theyweredancinginauniqueway.D)Theywerelookingforanewboxtolivein.【答案与解析】3

B

录音中提到“TomMoses,whoworksatanearbynationalpark...”表明Tom是在附近的国家公园工作。4

A

录音中提到“Theywereveryclosetogetherandtherewasalotofnoiseandmovement.”表明那群蜜蜂聚集在一起，发出很多噪音，飞来飞去。【录音原文】Thousandsofbeesleftatownafterlandingonthebackofacarwhentheirqueengotstuckinitsboot.[3]

TomMoses,whoworksatanearbynationalpark,

noticeda“brownpatch”onthebackofthecaraftertheownerparkedittodosomeshopping.Whenhelookedcloser,herealizeditwasahugegroupofbees.Mosessaid,“I’veneverseenthatmanybeesinonespot.Itwasveryunusual.[4]

Theywereveryclosetogetherandtherewasalotofnoiseandmovement.

Itwasinterestingtoseesuchastrangesight,buttherewerealotofpeoplearoundandIwasabitworriedaboutthebeesandthepeoplestoppingtolook.Ithoughtthatsomeonemightdosomethingstupid.”Mosescalledtwolocalbeespecialistswhohelpedremovethebeesbyattractingthemintoabox.Mosesspentthreehourslookingafterthebeesandwasstungfivetimes.Hesaid,“mystingsareabitpainfulbutTmpleaseditallworkedoutandIcouldhelp.Peopleneedtorealizethatbeesarevaluableandtheyshouldbelookedafter.”Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3

WhatdowelearnaboutTomMoses?4

Whatdoweknowaboutthebeesonthebackofthecar?

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5

A)Thelatesttestonarareanimalspecies.B)Thefindingoftwonewspeciesoffrog.C)Thesecondtriptoasmallremoteisland.D)Thediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnake.6

A)Hefellfromatallpalmtreebyaccident.B)Asnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleep.C)Hediscoveredararefrogonadesertedisland.D)Apoisonoussnakeattackedhimonhisfieldtrip.7

A)Fromitsorigin.B)Fromitslength.C)Fromitscolour.D)Fromitsgenes.【答案与解析】5

D

录音中提到，科学家在巴哈马群岛某个偏远小岛上发现了一种新的蛇类，之后报道了科学家对这一新物种的研究过程。由此可知，新闻的主要内容是关于一种新物种蛇的发现。6

B

录音中提到“Oneofthecreaturesmadeadramaticappearancebymovingontotheheadoftheteamleaderasheslept.”，有条蛇爬到了正在睡觉的科学团队队长的头上。7

C

录音中提到“ThesnakehasbeennamedSilverBoabecauseitismetal-coloredandthefirstspecimenfoundwasclimbingasilverpalmtree.”，科学家把新物种的蛇命名为银蟒，主要是因为它们的颜色类似金属。【录音原文】[5]

AnewspeciesofsnakehasbeendiscoveredonaremoteislandintheBahamas.

Scientistsidentified20oftheone-meter-longsnakesduringtwotripstotheCaribbeanislands.ThesecondtripwasmadeinOctoberlastyear.[6]

Oneofthecreaturesmadeadramaticappearancebymovingontotheheadoftheteamleaderasheslept.

[7]

ThesnakehasbeennamedSilverBoabecauseitismetal-coloredandthefirstspecimenfoundwasclimbingasilverpalmtree.

TheteamwasledbyDr.GrahamReynoldsfromHarvardUniversity.Thescientistconfirmedthesnakewasapreviouslyunknownspeciesafterconductingageneticanalysisoftissuesamples.Commentingonthefind,snakeexpertRobertHenderson,fromtheMilwaukeeMuseumofNaturalHistory,said,“Worldwide,newspeciesoffrogsarebeingdiscoveredanddescribedquiteregularly.Newspeciesofsnakes,however,aremuchrarer.”Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5

Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?6

Whatdowelearnaboutthescientificteamleader?7

Howdidthenewlydiscoveredcreaturegetitsname?

SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8

A)Theairportisalongwayfromthehotel.B)Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hours.C)Hehastocheckalotofluggage.D)Thesecuritychecktakestime.9

A)Incash.B)Bycreditcard.C)Withhissmartphone.D)Withatraveler’scheck.10

A)Lookafterhisluggage.B)Findaporterforhim.C)Givehimareceipt.D)Confirmhisflight.11

A)Postingacommentonthehotel’swebpage.B)Stayinginthesamehotelnexttimehecomes.C)SigningupformembershipofSheratonHotel.D)Loadingherluggageontotheairportshuttle.【答案与解析】8

B

对话中，男士说自己要去机场，因航班离起飞时间不足两小时，于是询问女士快速到达机场的方法。9

B

对话中，女士询问男士如何支付酒吧账单，男士说用信用卡。10

C

男士说他需要收据这样的话才能给公司报销，所以男士需要女士出具收据。11

A

对话末尾，女士对男士说可以不可以方便时在酒店的网站上写评论，这就是女士让男士帮的忙。【录音原文】W:

Didyouenjoyyourstaywithus,Mr.Brown?M:Yes,verymuch.Ihadawonderfultimehere.[8]NowI’mgoingtotheairport.Myflightleavesinlessthantwohours,socouldyoutellmewhat’sthequickestwaytogetthere?W:

Well,wecancallataxiforyou.Wealsohaveafreeairportshuttleservice.M:

Thatsoundsgreat.Butwilltheshuttlegetmetotheairportintime?W:

Yes,itshould.Thenextshuttleleavesin15minutes,andittakessome25minutestogettotheairport.M:

Fantastic!I’lljustwaitinthelobby.Willyoupleaseletmeknowwhenit’sleaving?W:

Ofcourse,sir.M:

NowIwouldliketosettlemymini-barbill.Howmuchisthat?W:

Let’ssee.Itcomesto$37.50.Howwouldyouliketopayforit?M:[9]

I’llpaywithmycreditcard.Thanks.

[10]

ButI’llneedareceiptsoIcanchargeittomycompany.W:

Absolutely!Hereyouare,sir.Ifyoulike,youcanleaveyourbagswiththeporterandhecanloadthemontotheshuttleforyouwhenitarrives.M:

Thatwouldbegreat.Thankyou.W:[11]

Wouldyouliketoleaveacommentonourwebpagewhenyouhavetime?M:

Sure.IhadareallygoodstayhereandI’dliketorecommendyourhoteltomyfriendsandcolleagues.W:

That’sverykindofyou.ThankyouagainforstayingatSheratonHotel.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8

Whydoesthemanaskaboutthequickestwaytotheairport?9

Howisthemangoingtopayhisbill?10

Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?11

Whatfavordoesthewomanaskoftheman?

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12

A)Hebecomestearfulinwind.B)Heistheonlyboyinhisfamily.C)Heishisteacher’sfavoritestudent.D)Hehasstoppedmakingterriblefaces.13

A)Warnhimofdangerbymakingupastory.B)Givehimsomecherrystonestoplaywith.C)Dosomethingfunnytoamusehim.D)Tellhimtoplayinherbackyard.14

A)Theycouldknockpeopleunconscious.B)Theycouldflyagainstastrongwind.C)Theycouldsometimesterrifyadults.D)Theycouldbreakpeople’slegs.15

A)Onewouldhavecurlyhairiftheyatetoomuchstalebread.B)Onewouldgotoprisoniftheyputastamponupsidedown.C)Onewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhair.D)Onewouldgetaspotontheirtongueiftheytoldaliedeliberately.【答案与解析】12

D

对话开头说到，Ben不再做鬼脸了，因为老师吓唬他说做鬼脸的时候风一吹脸就会僵住不能动。13

A

男士说小孩子很容易相信大人的话，并举例说Mary阿姨过去常说如果误吞了樱桃核，樱桃树就会从嘴里长出来。对话末尾更是说到“Butthat’showsomeparentstrytokeeptheirkidsfromdoingthewrongthingsorgettingintotrouble.”一些家长说那些吓唬人的话，是为了防止孩子做错事或惹上麻烦。14

D

对话中女士说到“Theonethatusedtogetmewasthatswanscouldbreakyourlegwithablowofthewing.”天鹅一扇动翅膀就会伤害到人的腿。15

C

对话末尾，男士说曾经和妻子去露营，妻子一直担心蝙蝠会飞到她的头发里，是因为妻子的祖母曾对妻子说蝙蝠如果钻进头发，只能剃光头驱赶。【录音原文】M:[12]

Youknow,Ben’sgivenupmakingthoseterriblefacesheusedtomake.

Theotherday,hecamehomefromschoolalmostintears.Histeachersaidifhewentonlikethat,hisfacewouldgetstuckwhenthewindschanged.W:

Andhebelievedher?M:Yeah,heisonlyalittleboy.Don’tyourememberallthosethingsweusedtobelievewhenwewerelittle?[13]

IremembermyauntMaryusedtosayifyouswallowacherrystone,atreewillgrowoutofyourmouth.

AndI’mstillterrifiedtoday,sortofsubconsciously,youknow,ifIswallowonebymistake.W:Yeah,Isupposeyou’reright.[14]

Theonethatusedtogetmewasthatswanscouldbreakyourlegwithablowofthewing.M:

Theycan,can’tthey?Ialwaysthoughttheycould.W:

No,theyarenotthatstrong.Butthereisanotheroneevenmoreterrifying.Thatisifyouputapostagestamponupsidedown,you’llgotoprison.M:No,neverheardofthat,butmygrandmotherwasaterrorforthatkindofthing.Forexample,shewouldsayyou’llgetaspotonyourtongueifyoutellalie.Ifyoueatstalebread,yourhairwillcurl.Andhereisonemore.[15]

WewentonacampingtriponceinItalyandmywifespentthewholetimeworryingaboutbatsgettingintoherhair.

Shesaidhergrandmotherreckonedyouhadtoshaveyourheadtogetitout.Mywifewasreallyterrified.W:

Silly,isn’tit?Butthat’showsomeparentstrytokeeptheirkidsfromdoingthewrongthingsorgettingintotrouble.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12

WhatdoesthemansayaboutBen?13

WhatdidauntMarryusedtodowhenthemanwasachild?14

Whatdoesthewomanbelieveswanscoulddo?15

Whatdidthegrandmotheroftheman’swifesay?

SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16

A)Everythingseemedtobechanging.B)Peoplewereformalanddisciplined.C)Peoplewereexcitedtogotravelingoverseas.D)ThingsfromtheVictorianeracamebackalive.17

A)WatchingTVathome.B)Meetingpeople.C)Drinkingcoffee.D)Tryingnewfoods.18

A)Hewasinterestedinstylishdresses.B)Hewasabletomakealotofmoney.C)Hewasayoungstudentinthe1960s.D)Hewasamanfullofimagination.【答案与解析】16

A

录音开头说到“我”想回到20世纪60年代，因为当时才20多岁，一切都变成新的了，表明很多东西都变了。17

B

录音中提到，我们总是在外面与人见面，我们对交往的兴趣比对吃喝的兴趣更浓厚。所以那个时候与人在外面见面是十分流行的事。18

C

录音中提到，“我”当时是个学生，经常在家里闲坐着。【录音原文】IfIcouldgobackinhistoryandlivewhenIliked,Iwouldn’tgobackveryfar.[16]

Infact,I’dliketoreliveaperiodI’vealreadylived—the1960s.Iwasinmytwentiesandeverythingwasbeingrenewed.

PeoplewerecomingoutofaformalandalmostVictorianattitude,andyoureallyfeltanythingwaspossible.[17]

Meetingpeoplewasthething,andyouwenttocoffeebarswhereyoumetfriendsandspenttheevening.Thecinema,thetheater...allthatwasveryexcitingwithnewthingscomingout.Infact,weseemedtobeoutallthetime.

[18]

Idon’treallyrememberworking—ofcourseIwasastudent—orsittingaroundathomeverymuch.

Thatjustwasn’twherethescenewas,eveneating.Itwasthefirsttimeordinarypeoplestartedgoingouttoeat.Wewerebeginningtobeadventurousaboutfood,but[17]

weweremoreinterestedinmeetingpeoplethanineatingordrinking.

Anddress,yes,thatwastherevolution.Imeangirlswentaroundinreallyshortskirtsandworeflowersintheirhair.Andmenwereinjeans,andcouldweartheirhairlongtoo.Itwasawonderfulperiod.Itwaslikelivinginanageyoucouldneverhaveimagined,andthatneverhascomeback.Wedidn’thavemuchmoneybutitdidn’tmatter,andtherewasplentyofopportunitytodowhateveryoufeltlikedoing.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16

Whydoesthespeakersayhewouldliketorelivethe1960s?17

Whatdoesthespeakersaywasthemostpopularthingtodoatthattime?18

Whatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19

A)Theyavoidlookingatthem.B)Theyrunawayimmediately.C)Theyshowangerontheirfaces.D)Theymakethreateningsounds.20

A)Itturnstoitsownerforhelp.B)Itturnsawaytoavoidconflict.C)Itlooksawayandgetsangrytoo.D)Itfocusesitseyesontheirmouths.21

A)Byobservingtheirfacialfeaturescarefully.B)Byfocusingonaparticularbodymovement.C)Bytakingintheirfacialexpressionsasawhole.D)Byinterpretingdifferentemotionsindifferentways.【答案与解析】19

A

录音开头说到“Dogs,man’sbestfriends,haveaclearstrategyfordealingwithangryowners—theylookaway.”如果主人生气，狗会把目光移开。研究也表明，狗会避免与生气的人类的眼神交流。20

D

录音中提到“Whendogslookedattheexpressionsofangrydogs,theireyesrestedmoreonthemouth.”说明实验对象（狗）看到狗生气的表情时，它们就看着对方的嘴巴。21

C

录音末尾提到，研究者们说狗通过整体地看人脸来判断人的情绪，而不是只聚焦在人脸部的某一器官上。【录音原文】[19]

Dogs,man’sbestfriends,haveaclearstrategyfordealingwithangryowners—theylookaway.Newresearchshowsthatdogslimittheireyecontactwithangryhumans.

Thescientistssuggestthismaybeanattempttocalmhumansdown.Thisbehaviormayhaveevolvedasdogsgraduallylearnedtheycouldbenefitfromavoidingconflictswithhumans.Toconductthetests,theUniversityofHelsinkiresearcherstrained31dogstorestinfrontofavideoscreen.Facialphotosofdogsandhumansweredisplayedonthescreenfor1.5seconds.Theyshowedthreatening,pleasantandneutralexpressions.Nearbycamerastrackedthedogs’eyemovements.Dogsinthestudylookedmostattheeyesofhumansandotherdogstosensetheiremotions.[20]

Whendogslookedattheexpressionsofangrydogs,theireyesrestedmoreonthemouth,perhapstointerpretthethreateningexpressions.

Andwhenlookingatangryhumans,theytendedtoturnawaytheirgaze.Dogsmayhavelearnedtodetectthreatsignsfromhumansandrespondbytryingtomakepeace,accordingtoresearcherSanniSomppi.Avoidingconflictsmayhavehelpeddogsdevelopbetterbondswithhumans.[21]

Theresearchersalsonotethatdogsscanfacesasawholetosensehowpeoplearcfeelingsinsteadoffocusingonagivenfeature.Theysuggestthisindicatesthatdogsaren’tsensingemotionsfromasinglefeature,butpiecingtogetherinformationfromallfacialfeaturesjustashumansdo.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19

Whatdodogsdowhentheyarefacedwithangryhumans?20

Whatdoesadogdowhenitseestheexpressionsofangrydogs?21

Howdoesadogsensepeople’sfeelings?

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22

A)Theyhavetolookforfoodandshelterunderground.B)Theytakelittlenoticeofthechangesintemperature.C)Theyresorttodifferentmeanstosurvivethebittercold.D)Theyhavedifficultyadaptingtothechangedenvironment.23

A)Theyhavetheirweightreducedtotheminimum.B)Theyconsumeenergystoredbeforethelongsleep.C)Theycanmaintaintheirheartbeatatthenormalrate.D)Theycankeeptheirbodytemperaturewarmandstable.24

A)Bystayinginhidingplacesandeatingverylittle.B)Byseekingfoodandshelterinpeople’shouses.C)Bygrowingthickerhairtostaywarm.D)Bystoringenoughfoodbeforehand.25

A)Tostaysafe.B)Tosaveenergy.C)Tokeepcompany.D)Toprotecttheyoung.【答案与解析】22

C

录音中提到“Therearethreemainwaysthatanimalssurvivethecoldinwinter:sleep,adaptormigrate.”也就是说动物以三种方法度过寒冷的冬天：冬眠、适应与迁徙。后面便详细地说明了这三种方法。23

B

录音中提到在冬天来临之前，冬眠的动物会吃额外的食物来变胖，这样可以在它们冬眠的时候给予它们能量。由此可知，冬眠的动物在冬眠时消耗的是冬眠前储存的能量。24

D

录音中提到老鼠这样以适应环境的动物在冬天之前会收集额外的食物并把食物藏起来，冬天到来后，它们再去藏食物的地方去吃这些食物。所以老鼠是提前在冬天到来之前储存好食物。25

A

录音结尾提到，为了安全一些鸟儿成群迁徙。【录音原文】Winterinmanyplacesisverycold.Thereislotsofsnowaroundandthegroundfreezeswhichcanmakelifedifficultforanimals.Peopleincoldplacesliveinwarmhousesandhavelearnedtoadapt.Whatdoanimalsdo?[22]

Therearethreemainwaysthatanimalssurvivethecoldinwinter:sleep,adaptormigrate.

Someanimalssuchasbears,frogsandsnakes,sleepallwinter.Theysleepverydeeply,andneedlittleornofood.Whilesleeping,theirbodytemperaturedropsandtheirheartbeatslowsdown.[23]

Toprepareforthisbeforewinter,theseanimalseatextrafoodtobecomefatwhichgivesthemtheenergytheyneedwhiletheysleep.

Otheranimalsadapt,forexamplebystayingactiveinwinter.[24]

Itisoftenhardforthemtofindfood,sosomeanimalssuchasmicecollectextrafoodtobeforewinterandhideit.Whenwintercomes,theyreturntothehidingplacestoeatthefood.

Someanimalsgrowthickerfur,orliveintreeholesorundergroundtostaywarm.Somebirdsmigratebyflyingtoawarmerplaceforthewinter,wheretheycanfindmorefood.Someflyverylongdistances,includingonekindofbirdthatfliesfromtheremotenorthoftheworldallthewaytothedistantsouth.[25]

Somebirdsflyingroupsforsafety,whileothersflyalone.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22

Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutanimalsinwinter?23

Whatdowelearnaboutanimalsthatsleepthroughwinter?24

Howdoanimalslikemiceadapttotheseverewinter?25

Whydosomebirdsflyingroupswhenmigrating,accordingtothespeaker?Part

Ⅲ

ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops(啤酒花),forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area(26)_____recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfirstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda(27)_____ingredientinresidue(残留物)from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhilediggingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandvessels.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(28)_____theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtools,”andtheearliest(29)_____evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To(30)_____thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried(31)_____insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley(大麦),andabout10%werebitsofroots,(32)_____lily,whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaanddidn’tbecomea(33)_____foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave(34)_____intheregionnotasfood,butas(35)_____materialforbeerbrewing.A)arrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusivelyE)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL)stapleM)surprisingN)suggestO)test【答案与解析】26

I

句意：啤酒花这种给许多现代啤酒增添了一丝苦味的东西其实是在相对近的时间才加到啤酒中的。后一句提到了9世纪啤酒花第一次被提及可以用于啤酒酿造。这个“近”是相对的概念，故答案为relatively“相对而言、比较起来”。27

M

句意：今天，研究人员在有着5000年历史的啤酒酿造设备的残留物中发现了一种惊人的成分。空格前面为不定冠词“a”，后面是名词“ingredient”，空格处需填修饰“ingredient”的形容词。后文说到大麦的发现是“unexpectedfind”。所以此处应该填表达惊讶的形容词，故选surprising。28

N

句意：这些容器的不同形状表明它们是用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒的。本句缺动词，suggest“表明，显示”，符合句意。29

C

句意：那些容器或许是古代的“酿酒工具”，是中国啤酒酿造最早的直接证据。空格前为形容词最高级，空格后为名词“evidence”，空格仍需填入形容词修饰“evidence”。directevidence“直接证据”。30

O

句意：为了证实这一理论，研究小组检测了容器内黄色、干燥的残留物。由空格前的“to”和空格后的“that”，可以判定空格处缺动词原形，根据空格后的“theory”，选test“验证”。31

J

句意：研究小组检测了容器内黄色、干燥的残留物。由空格前的“dried”可以判定空格处缺名词，根据语义，选remains“剩余物/沉淀物”。32

E

句意：科学家说其中约80%大部分谷粒来自像大麦这样的谷类作物，另有约10%为小块的根部，其中包括百合的根部，这会让啤酒更甜。从语义上判断，此处指的是“包括”。本句已有谓语，此处需填非谓语形式，再加上“bitsofroots”与“lily”是主动关系，故此处填including。33

L

句意：据研究人员所述，这种作物在西欧亚大陆被培育出来，大约2000年前才成为中国中部地区的主食。由空格前的“a”和空格后的“food”，可以判定空格处缺形容词，根据语义，选staple。staplefood“主食”。34

A

句意：根据这一时间估算，他们认为大麦抵达该地区时可能并非作为食物，而是用作啤酒酿造的原料。根据句意，选arrived。35

G

句意：根据这一时间估算，他们认为大麦抵达该地区时可能并非作为食物，而是用作啤酒酿造的原料。rawmaterial“原材料”。【全文翻译】酿造啤酒的方法随时间而改变。例如啤酒花这种给许多现代啤酒增添了一丝苦味的东西其实是在相对近的时间才加到这种饮品中去的。关于9世纪啤酒酿造的参考材料中首次提到这一点。今天，研究人员在有着5,000年历史的啤酒酿造设备的残留物中发现了一种惊人的成分。在挖掘位于中国中部平原地区一处遗址的两个坑点时，科学家发现了罐子和其他容器的碎片。这些容器的不同形状表明它们是用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒的。研究人员在《美国国家科学院院刊》中这样写道，它们或许是古代的“酿酒工具”，是中国啤酒酿造最早的直接证据。为了证实这一理论，研究小组检测了容器内黄色、干燥的残留物。科学家说其中约80%的大部分谷粒来自像大麦这样的谷类作物，另有约10%为小块的根部，其中包括百合的根部，这会让啤酒更甜。大麦是个出乎意料的发现：据研究人员所述，这种作物在西欧亚大陆被培育出来，大约2000年前才成为中国中部地区的主食。根据这一时间估算，他们认为大麦抵达该地区时可能并非作为食物，而是用作啤酒酿造的原料。

SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeopleWhoNeverForgetAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallalmosteverydayoftheirlivesinenormousdetail—andafteryearsofresearch,neuroscientistsarefinallybeginningtounderstandhowtheydoit.A)Formostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.B)AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepast15years,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork.“Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,”heexplains.C)Veisehcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstartedrecording:15December2000,whenhemethisfirstgirlfriendathisbestfriend’s16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail.“Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat.”D)Needlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientists(神经科学专家)hopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople’sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.E)‘Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory’(orHSAMforshort),firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.EmailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,sheclaimedthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences?F)McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.G)Itdidn’ttakelongformagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-make