大学英语精读第二册Unit4 The Professor and the YoYo

TheProfessorandtheYo-Yo

ThomasLeeBuckywithJosephP.BlankSeenthroughtheeyesofayoungfriendEinsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.Unit4AlbertEinstein（1879～1955）German-bornAmericanPhysicistandNobelPrizewinner

AbriefintroductiontoAlbertEinsteinAlbertEinstein,whoseSpecialtheoryofRelativity(狭义相对论)andGeneralTheoryofRelativity(广义相对论)revolutionizedscientificperceptionsoftheuniverse,isacknowledged,alongwithNewton,asoneofhistory’sgreatestphysicists.AbriefintroductiontoAlbertEinsteinSonoffree-thinking,culturedJews,Einsteinwasunabletospeakuntilhewasthreeanddisplayednospecialpromise.Anti-Semitism（反犹太主义）alsohamperedhistalentwhenitbegantoemerge.HebecameaSwisscitizenin1901,obtainingadoctoratefromtheUniversityofBern（伯尔尼）

in1905.Hisresearch,whichendedinthefamousequationE=mc2(E：能量，m：质量，C：光速),waspublishedinthesameyear.

AbriefintroductiontoAlbertEinsteinAfterWorldWarI,Einstein’sfameextendedbeyondthescientificcommunityandin1921hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics.Duringthe1920sheregardedtheriseoftheNazisinGermanywithhorror,eventuallyemigratingtotheU.S.where,in1933,hetookupapostatPrincetonUniversity(普林斯顿大学).In1939hisearlywarningsofGermanscientificattemptstomakeanatomicbombpromptedthestartoftheManhattanProject.(曼哈顿计划)DateEventMarch14,187919031905BorninUlm,Germany,theelderchildofabusinessmanandamusicalmother.MarriedMilevaMaric,hisclassmateatthepolytechnic.Theyhadtwosonsbuteventuallydivorced.Publishedthreeground-breakingpapersonthemotionofparticles(微粒，粒子),thenatureoflight,andtherelationshipbetweenenergyandinertia(惯性).Einstein'schronology1914-1933191619211930Publishedhis“AutobiographicalNotes.”PublishedhisGeneralTheoryofRelativity.DirectorofKaiserWilhelmPhysicalInstituteinBerlin.(柏林kaiserwilhelm物理研究所)AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics.October1939November18,1952April18,1955DeclinedanoffertobecomeheadofstateofIsrael.DiedinhospitalinPrinceton.WrotetoFranklinRoosevelt,PresidentoftheUnitedStates,onthepossibilityofmanufacturinganuclearbombandtheneedtopreempttheNazis.Asagreatscientist,hehadmanyattractivepersonalities.Forinstance,hecaredlittleformoney,onceheusedacheckfor$1,500asabookmarkandthenhelostthebook.Asamanhewaseasy-going,oncetherewasa12yearsoldgirlwhooftenvisitedhimandaskedhimtodohomeworkforher.TheYo-Yo

TheYo-Yoisasimpletoyconsistingofagrooveddoublediskwithastringaboutthecenter.ThetoyissaidtohaveoriginatedinthePhilippines.Since1930ithasbecomeapopulartoyandeventodaychildrenindifferentcountriesplaytheYo-Yoandcompeteinvariouscontests.

ABriefIntroductiontothepassageEinsteinisoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime.Hisideasandtheorieshave,directlyorindirectly,influencedmanyareasofthemodernworld–science,art,andphilosophy,etc.Inspiteofhisgreatachievementsandfame,healwaysremainedasimpleman:hewashonestandopen,veryeasytogetalongwith;helivedaplainlifeandhadsimplehabits,caringverylittleformaterialwell-being.AndthetextTheProfessorandtheYo-Yo,whoseauthoristhesonofaclosefriendofEinstein’s,shedsmorelightonEinstein’spersonalitybothasascientistandasaman.

WordsandExpressionsmodestadj.谦虚的，谦逊的；适中的modest&humble两个词都有“谦恭/逊的”之意。modest

含义广泛，指行为或态度等不自大、不虚荣、不傲慢、不武断或不自负This

headmaster

isvery

modest.humble指精神和行为上的谦逊。褒义指对自己或自己的成就不骄傲；贬义指过低地评价自己，对人低声下气。例如：Knowledgemakehumble;ignorancemakeproud.博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。displayv.&n.展示，陈列Departmentstoresdisplaytheirgoodsinthewindows.百货商店把商品陈列在橱窗里。

ondisplay展出Hispaintingsareondisplayattheexhibition.(展览会)MyskillandknowledgeproperlyimpressedEinstein.impresssb.with/bysth.给…深刻的印象Onecandidateinparticularimpresseduswithherknowledge.impress(sth.)on/uponsb.使牢记

Myfatherimpressedonmetheimportanceofhardwork.=Myfatherimpressedtheimportanceofhardworkonme.

impressvt.给…深刻的印象Hisparentstriedto____on

himthatitisnecessarytobehonest.A.expectB.impressC.influenceD.affectimpressv.impressionn.

eg:impressionofShanghaiimpressiveadj.eg:animpressivemeetingoppress压迫，压制compress压缩，精简depress使沮丧/萧条oppressed被压迫的compressed压缩的（~air压缩空气）depressed沮丧的，萧条的frustrate:vt.

使沮丧，挫败Thelackofmoneydepressedandfrustratedtheyoungmanwhowaseagerforacomputer.Inhisattemptstoescape,theprisonerwasfrustratedbyawatchfulguard.frustratev.frustrationn.frustrated/frustratingadj.ambition:n.野心；抱负Herambitionwastobeafamoussinger.Asparrowcannotunderstandtheambitionofaswan.

燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。

achieve/fulfill/realizeone’sambition

实现抱负one’slife-longambition

毕生的志愿ambitious

adj.雄心壮志的，野心勃勃的immuneadj.

有免疫力的；

不受影响的

Mostadultsare

immune

toRubella.大多数成人对风疹具有免疫力。Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.immune

system免疫系统immunizev.immunityn.immuneadj.correspondvi通信；符合；

相应correspondwith/toWehavecorrespondedwitheachotherforyears.(通信)Hisactionsdonotcorrespondwithhiswords.(符合)TheAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament.（相当于）

美国的国会相当于英国的议会。incorrespondencewithcorresponding

adj.相应的；一致的

beamvi.面露喜色，

高兴地微笑；发光Hisentirefacebeamedwithhappiness.Hebeamedathisfriendwithfulladmiration.

vt.发射，发送Everydaythestationbeamsalargenumberofmessagesviasatellite.n.光线，横梁

electronbeam电子束

revert

vi回复;回返Jacksonsaidherbossbecameincreasinglydepressedand

revertedtosmokingheavily.

杰克逊说她的老板情绪越来越低落，又开始拼命抽烟了。reverttosth./doingsth.exclusivelyadv.

专门地，特定地Randolph'sworkwas

exclusively

concernedwiththeeffectsofpollutiononhealth.伦道夫的著作专门论述污染对健康的影响。Thisroomisexclusivelyforwomen.这个房间是专为女宾准备的。exclude–exclusive-exclusioninclusive

包含一切的exclusivereport独家报道exclusivetosb.某人专用application

n.申请；应用Whywasmyapplicationforvisarejected?Geometryhaspracticalapplicationinaviationandnavigation.几何学在航空和航海中有其实用性。applicatorn.应用者applicantn.申请人observev.观察，研究；遵守；

评述Didn't

you

observe

the

difference?

Itwasobservedthat40percentofpatientshadhighbloodpressure.

Everyone

should

observe

the

law.

谁都应该守法.observationn.pursuevt.&vi.追求，从事；追逐JohnwillpursuepostgraduatestudiesafterobtaininghisB.A.degree.Thepolicepursuedthestolenvehiclealongthemotorway.

pursuit(n.)inpursuitofThesportscarracedthroughthestreetsinpursuitofeachother.approachv.靠近，着手处理Asyouapproachthetown,thefirstbuildingyouseeisthechurch.Itmightbepossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.n.方法，途径；接近Weneedtakeanewapproachtothequalitycontrolproblem.capableadj.能干的，能胜任的Someairplanesarecapableofgoingbeyond1,000milesanhour.Sheprovedaverycapabledoctor.capable指有能力或有条件做某事，常与of连用。competent指具有胜任某项工作的技能或条件。Tomisahighlycompetentdriver.

汤姆是个技术高超的司机。capabilityn.atease:放松；放心，舒服的Thedoctorsoonmadetheworriedmother

feelatease.illatease不安；心神不宁withease轻而易举地；毫不费力地offbalance:失去平衡的

Thesmallboatgotoffbalanceandturnedoverinastorm.keep/maintainone’sbalance保持平衡，保持镇静loseone’sbalance失去平衡，心慌意乱inthebalance悬而未决，不能肯定cometotermswith

与…达成协议；与…妥协Ittookhimalongtimetocometotermswiththefactthathe’llneverbeagoodwriter.

很长时间他才接受他不再是一个好作家的事实。Itseemsthatthetwosideswillnevercometoterms(witheachother).

双方看起来将永远也不会相互妥协。meaneverythingto对…来说极其重要Yourfriendshipmeanseverythingtome.

你的友谊对我来说很重要。meannothingto

对…来说一点不重要MaterialthingsmeantnothingtoEinstein,buttosomepeoplemeaneverything.

物质上的东西对爱因斯坦来说一点都不重要，但对一些人来说却非常重要。somuchsothat

如此…以至于…HelongedtovisitParis,somuchsothatheoftendreamtaboutit.他渴望去巴黎，太渴望了以至于经常梦到它。Iwasworeout,somuchsothatIthoughtIwouldneverrecover.

我累坏了，太累了以至于认为我再也不会恢复了。takesth.apart拆开Mysontookaparttheclockandspreadthebitsalloverthecarpet.

我的儿子将时钟拆开，零件撒在地毯上。Theprofessorspentthewholeafternoontakingaparthisoldcar.那位教授花了整整一个下午才将旧车拆开。

workout解决,制定Johnworkedoutthemathproblemsallbyhimself.

约翰全靠自己解决了数学问题。Itislefttothepresidentofourschooltoworkoutthedetailsoftheplan.

让校长来解决这个计划的细节吧。

singleout

:

选出；挑出Theywantedto

single

out

themainthreattocivilization.

我们想特别指出威胁文明的主要因素。Heconsidereditanhonortohavebeensingledouttorepresenttheschoolatthecelebrationceremony.

他认为被选出来去代表学校参加庆祝仪式是一种荣耀。Usefulexpressions(1)1.密友2.感到无拘无束3.指出4.使玩具失去平衡5.一首表示感谢的诗6.在某人的能力范围内7.超出力所能及的范围8.对…心满意足aclosefriendfeelateasepointoutthrowthetoyoffbalanceapoemofthankswithinone’slimitsbeyondone’sintellectuallimitsbecontenttoUsefulexpressions(2)9.对…具有免疫力10.与…通信往来11.一本拍纸簿12.对某人来说毫无意义13.信奉简朴14.回复到15.实际应用16.相对（来说）次要beimmunetocorrespondwithapadofpapermeannothingtosomeonebelieveinsimplicityreverttopracticalapplicationrelativelyminorinimportanceUsefulexpressions(3)17.推断其运作原理18.推理中的一个漏洞19.不赞成的表情20.研究出解决方法21.一个家喻户晓的名字22.对…迷惑不解23.受到关注24.挑选出deducetheoperatingprincipleaflawinone’sreasoninganexpressionofdisapprovalworkoutansolutionahouseholdnamebebewilderedbyreceiveattentionsingleoutPassageAnalysis

10PartDivisionoftheTextMainIdeasPara.Parts

11—627—93Einsteinwasaplainandsimplemaninhisdailylife.Einsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.Einsteinneverunderstoodhisfame.Forpart1MultipleChoice

1.WhentheyoungvisitorcametoEinstein’shome,hewas_______.A)frightenedB)uneasyC)self-confidentD)frustratedKEY2.WhatdidEinsteindoaftertheauthorsuggestedhimtryshavingcream?A)Hetriedtheshavingcreamthenextmorningandwasreallysatisfiedwithit.B)Hedeclinedtheofferandusedrazorandwaterasbefore.C)Hethoughtthecreamwasofnouse.D)Hebecamecuriousaboutthecomponentsofthecream.KEY3.Thewatermark—W—forWoolworth’sinEinstein’sstationerysuggeststhat________.A)hedidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuythebetterstationeryB)hewasintendedtoshowthatheasimportantasotherpeopleC)hedidnottakeanyinterestinprestigeD)hedidn’thavepersonalambitionthoughhewasworld-famousKEYpara.1Hetriedtoshowmehowitworkedbuthecouldn’tmakeitrollback

upthestring.【翻译】

他试图给我看这玩具怎么玩，却没法使它顺着线转上去。Whenmyturncame,Idisplayedmyfewtricksandpointedouttohimthattheincorrectlyloopedstringhadthrownthetoyoffbalance.【翻译】轮到我时，我露了几手，并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。Einsteinnodded,properlyimpressedbymyskillandknowledge.【翻译】爱因斯坦点点头，对我的技能和知识留下了颇深的印象。

para.2

Asaboyandthenasanadult,IneverlostmywonderatthepersonalitythatwasEinstein.

【翻译】作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性赞叹不已。HewastheonlypersonIknew

whohadcometotermswith

himselfandtheworldaroundhim.

【翻译】他是我所知道的唯一一个能跟自己以及周围世界达成一致的人。

para.2

Heknewwhathewantedandhewantedonlythis:tounderstand

withinhislimitsasahumanbeing

thenatureoftheuniverseandthelogicandsimplicityinitsfunctioning.【whattheobjectof“understand”?】theobjectof“understand”is“thenatureoftheuniverseandthelogicandsimplicityinitsfunctioning”.

宇宙的本质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和简单withinhislimitsasahumanbeing作为一个人在他的能力范围之内【翻译】他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和简单。Heknewtherewereanswersbeyondhisintellectualreach.【翻译】他知道有许多问题的答案超出了他智力所及的范围。para.3Heseemedimmunetotheseemotions.【whatdotheseemotionsreferto？】Theseemotionsrefertojealousy,vanity,bitterness,anger,resentment,orpersonalambition.

【翻译】他好像对这些感情具有免疫力似的。Hewasbeyondanypretention.【翻译】他毫无矫饰之心。Woolworth’s（伍尔沃思连锁店）它由美国商业家伍尔沃思创办,原来只出售5分钱和10分钱的货品,现在也出售其他不贵的日常小用品.伍尔沃思最初在许多商店当职员,他从5分钱商店起家,在许多城市开办连锁店,最终成为多种银行和信托公司的董事.Para4Isuggestthathetryshavingcream.Isuggesthistryingshavingcream.Isuggestedwetakethetoyaparttoseehowitworked.（para.9）Isuggestedtakingthetoyaparttoseehowitworked.2.1)Thedoctoradvised(that)Mike(should)stayinhospitaluntilhewasfullyrecovered.2)Cathy'sfatherinsisted(that)she(should)takeatwo-weekrestbeforegoingbacktowork.3)ThechairmanoftheTradeUnionsuggested(that)aspecialcommittee(should)besetuptolookintotheproblem./ThechairmanoftheTradeUnionsuggested(that)theysetupaspecialcommitteetolookintotheproblem.4)Thecommanderordered(that)ourcompany(should)starttheattackbeforedawn.5)KnowingJacktobedishonest,Idemanded(that)he(should)tellmenothingbutthetruth.6)Thedeanofthephilosophydepartmentrequested(that)thevisitingscholar(should)givealectureonSartre.Para.7Einsteinwaspurelyandexclusivelyatheorist.Hedidn’thavetheslightestinterestinthepracticalapplicationofhisideasandtheories.【翻译】爱因斯坦完完全全是个理论家。他对自己的思想和理论的实际应用丝毫不感兴趣。

Para.7E＝mc2(质能公式）1905年，伟大的物理学家爱因斯坦提出一个令人难以置信的理论：物质的质量和能量可以互相转化。他指出，任何具有质量的物体，都贮存着看不见的内能，而且这个由质量贮存起来的能量大到令人难以想象的程度。如果用数学形式表达质量与能量的关系的话，某个物体贮存的能量等于该物体的质量乘以光速的平方，写成公式就是：E＝mc2。打个比方说，常规状态下燃烧一吨煤所释放的全部热能，只相当于全部由质量转化而来的0.028毫克物质释放的能量。c是真空中的光速，是一个常数299792458米/秒，大约每秒钟30万公里，相当于绕地球赤道飞行7圈半。Para.7HewontheNobelPrizeforhisPhotoelectricTheory,aseriesofequationsthatheconsideredrelativelyminorinimportance,buthedidn’thaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhistheorymadeTVpossible.Q:WhatisPhotoelectricTheory?A:AseriesofequationswhichEinsteinconsiderednotveryimportantandhedidnothaveanycuriosityinobservinghowhistheorymadeTVpossible.【翻译】

他因其光电理论——他认为这是比较次要的一系列公式——而获得诺贝尔奖，但对于观察他的理论怎样使电视成为可能却没有一点好奇心。Para.7

thephotoelectriceffect1905年，爱因斯坦提出光子假设，成功解释光电效应，因此获得1921年诺贝尔物理奖。光照射到金属上，引起物质的电性质发生变化，这类光变致电的现象被人们统称为光电效应.Para.8abirdthatbalancedontheedgeofabowlofwaterandrepeatedlydunkeditsheadinthewater.【翻译】一只平衡地立在盛水的碗边并反复把头浸入水中的鸟。Einsteinwatchedindelight,tryingtodeducetheoperatingprinciple.【翻译】爱因斯坦高兴地注视着它，试图推断出它的运动原理。Para.9HepursuedvarioustheoriesforseveraldaysuntilIsuggestedwetakethetoyaparttoseehowitdidwork.

【翻译】他连续几天试着用各种理论来解释，后来我建议把玩具拆开来看看它是怎样运转的。Hisquickexpressionofdisprovaltoldmehedidnotagreewiththispracticalapproach.【翻译】他脸上迅速露出的不赞成的表情告诉我，他并不同意这种实际操作的方法。

para.10Hehaddevelopedtheoriesthatwereprofoundandcapableofexcitingrelativelyfewscientists.【howtounderstandtheunderlinedpart?】Itisanattributiveclausemodifyingtheword“theories.【Paraphrasethesentence.】Histheoriesweresodifficulttounderstandthatonlyasmallnumberofscientistsbecameinterestedinthem.【翻译】

他提出的理论非常深奥、只能使比较少的科学家感兴趣。

Yethisnamewasahouseholdwordacrossthecivilizedworld.【Paraphrasethesentence.】Nevertheless，hewasapersonwhosenamewasknownbyalmosteverybodythroughoutthecivilizedcountries.【翻译】

然而，他的名字在整个文明世界家喻户晓，人人皆知。Para.10…whyhewassingledoutassomethingspecial.【翻译】…他为什么被单单挑出来作为一个特殊的人物来对待呢？

SomefamoussayingsbyAlbertEinstein“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”“Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew.”

“Trynottobecomeamanofsuccess,butrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.”

ThemeoftheText 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（1879—1955）是最伟大的理论物理学家，他所创立的相对论人人皆知、家喻户晓，他由于对光电理论的研究而获得诺贝尔物理奖。作者通过插叙爱因斯坦与玩具“游游”，使人很容易的看到爱因斯坦是个纯朴、谦虚的普通人。DifficultSentencesandTheirTranslation1.

(L.4)Whenmyturncame,Idisplayedmyfewtricksand pointedouttohimthattheincorrectlyloopedstringhadthrownthetoyoffbalance.轮到我时，我露了几手并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。

2.(L.9)Asaboyandthenasanadult,IneverlostmywonderatthepersonalitythatwasEinstein.

作为一个小孩，以后又作为一个大人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性惊叹不已。

thatwasEinstein是定语从句,修饰thepersonality.3.HewastheonlypersonIknewwhohadcometotermswithhimselfandtheworldaroundhim.(l.10)

他是我所认识的人中唯一能跟自己及周围世界达成妥协的人。

4.Heknewwhathewantedandhewantedonlythis:tounderstandwithinhislimitsasahumanbeingthenatureoftheuniverseandthelogicandsimplicityinitsfunctioning.(l.11)

他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和单纯。5.Althoughhecorrespondedwithmanyoftheworld’smostimportantpeople,hisstationerycarriedonlyawatermark–WforWoolworth’s.(l.18)

虽然他与世界上的许多要人通信，他用的却是有W水印字母的信笺，水印字母W–五分钱商店吾尔沃思的缩写。

6.

(L.23)Hebelievedinsimplicity,somuchsothatheusedonlyasafetyrazorandwatertoshave.

他深信简朴，甚至只用一把安全剃刀和清水刮胡子。

7.(L.56)Hehaddevelopedtheoriesthatwereprofoundandcapableofexcitingrelativelyfewscientists.

他提出的理论都是些非常深奥，只有能使比较少的科学家感到兴趣的理论。

8.(L.60)Henevercouldunderstandwhyhereceivedthisattention,whyhewassingledoutassomethingspecial.

他一直不能理解，为什么他会受到这种注意，为什么单单把他挑出来当作特殊人物对待。

Answerthefollowingquestions:1.HowdidAlbertEinsteinmaketheyoungvisitorfeelatease?

Hewenttothedeskandbroughthimatoy–Yo-Yo.2.WhatdidtheauthorsendtotheprofessorasaChristmasgift?

HeboughtanewYo-Yoandmailedittohim.3.Whatdidtheauthorneverceasetowonder?

Heneverceasedtowonderattheprofessor’spersonality.4.Whatdoesthewatermark“W”suggest?

Itsuggeststhathewasimmunetoallvanity,inspiteofhisgreatfameasascientist.5.WhatdidEinsteinusetoshave?

Heonlyusedasafetyrazorandwatertoshave.6.WhywasEinsteinbeamingwithpleasureonemorning?

Heusedtheshavingcreamgivenbytheauthorandfounditwonderful.7.Whydidn’ttheprofessorwalkdownthestreettoseeareactorcreateatomicenergy?

Becausehewasonlyinterestedinpuretheory.8.ForwhattheorydidhewintheNobelPrize?

HewontheNobelPrizeforhisPhotoelectricTheory.9.Didtheprofessorworkouttheworkingprincipleofthetoybird?

No.Hedidn’tagreetotakeitaparttoseetheworkingprinciple.10.Whyweretheprofessor’stheoriesexcitingfewscientists?

Becausehistheoriesweretooprofound.ExercisesIII.-1.1)few2)Alittle3)little4)few5)afew

little6)afew

few7)little8)few

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