初中英语时态超好讲解2

动词的时态动词的时态结构一般现在时，动词用原型；一般时单数三人称，动词加“s”。一般过去时，动词加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.现在进行时,进行时例句：Iamworking.过去进行时,am,is,are,+-ing。was,were,+-ing。例句：Iwasworking.将来时一般将来时，would加动原。过去将来时，will加动原。Iwillwork.Iwouldwork.完成时现在完成时，have/has加过分。Ihaveworked.过去完成时，had加过分。Ihadworked.各种时态的用法一、一般现在时1.用法：A.现在经常性的动作或状态

I

leave

home

for

school

at

7

every

morning.

B.客观事实和真理。The

earth

moves

around

the

sun.C.表示格言或警句中。

Pride

goes

before

a

fall.骄者必败2.标志词:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…1.Theboyusually___(get)toschoolearly.2.Light______(travel)fasterthansound.getstravelsExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessing1._____theyoften___theseoldmen?

-Yes,they___.

A.Do;help;areB.Are;helping;are

C.Do;help;doD.Are;helped;are2.Theyusually_____TVinthe

evening.

A.watchB.willwatch

C.arewatchingD.watches3.Thesun___intheeastand___inthewest.

A.raises;setB.rise;sets

C.rises;setsD.rises;set二、一般过去时1.用法：过去的动作或状态。

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

Where

did

you

go

just

now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When

I

was

a

child,

I

often

played

football

in

the

street.2.标志词：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast；justnow=amomentagoLiMingdidn’tunderstandwhatAmericanpeoplesaid,_____?A.couldn’the B.couldhe C.didn’the D.didhe随堂小练：ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsing1._____hereandaskhimaboutityesterday?A.DidyoucomeB.WouldyounotgoC.Youdidn'tcomeD.Aren'tyougo2.___he___agoodtimelastSunday?A.Were;wereB.Did;doC.Did;hasD.Did;have3.ThestudentshardlystudiedtheEnglishlanguage,___they?

A.didB.didn'tC.wereD.weren'tRead三、现在进行时1.用法：A.现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。

Wearewaitingforyou.B.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。

Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.

2.标志词：now,Look!Listen!随堂小练：--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.A.hasplayed B.willplay C.wasplaying D.isplayingExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingissinging1.Look!What___thechildren___overthere?2.Thoseworkers____herethesemonths.A.arework B.areworked C.work D.areworkingA.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.isdoing3.--How__you___alongwithyourworkmates?--Verywell.A.do;get B.will;getC.can;getD.are;getting4.--MustIwatertheflowersnow?--No,youneedn’t.Jack_____them.A.iswatering B.watering C.waters D.iswatered注意A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcome B.come C.amcoming D.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leave B.are;leaving C.will;leaving D.shall;leaveTheboy____always____us!(夸赞)A.is;helping B.does;helpC.can;help D./;helpB.现在进行时和always连用，表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.

You____always_____thesamemistake!(责备)A.do;make B.does;makeC.is;making D.are;makingThetwins___________(wash)atthistimeyesterday.He________(play)basketballatthattime._____Sally______(sing)whenhermothercamein?waswashingwasplayingWassingingjusttry过去进行时用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作

常用时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,atteno’clockyesterday或when引导的从句

动词构成：was/were+现在分词(--ing)

以work为例：was/wereworking否定构成：was/werenot+现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例:

Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？

Yes,IwasNo,Iwasn’t1.Father______whenI_____yesterdaymorning.A.stillslept,gotupB.wasstillsleeping,gotupC.issleeping,gotupD.sleeps,getup2.She___applesinhergardenwhenI____toseeheryesterday.A.picked，went B.waspicking，wentC.picked，wasgoing D.waspicking，wasgoing特殊疑问句举例：Whatwereyoudongthistimeyesterday?Wherewashestandingwhentheteachercamein?

1___theBlacks___TVatsevenyesterday?

A.Did;watchB.Are,watching

C.Were;watchingD.Do;watch2Thescientist___awalkinhisgardenatfourlastSunday.

A.wastakingB.wouldtake

C.tookD.wastaken

3What___fromninetotenlastnight?

A.didyoudoB.hadyoudone

C.haveyoudoneD.wereyoudoing

1.___theBlacks___TVatsevenyesterday?A.Did;watchB.Are,watchingC.Were;watchingD.Do;watch2.Thescientist___awalkinhisgardenatfourlastSunday.A.wastakingB.wouldtakeC.tookD.wastaken3.What___fromninetotenlastnight?A.didyoudoB.hadyoudoneC.haveyoudoneD.wereyoudoing

Thetwins___________(wash)tomorrow.He________(play)basketballthedayaftertomorrow._____Sally______(sing)inthefuture?willwashwillplayWillsingjusttry五、一般将来时1.用法：将来的动作或状态。2.结构：willshallbegoingto

3.标志词(时间状语)：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon+V.(原型)（第一人称）shall/will/begoingto/be+不定式/beaboutto+不定式之间的区别1)shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.

Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。

a.主语的意图，即将做某事。

Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

b.计划，安排要发生的事。

Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。

c.有迹象要发生的事

Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。

HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.

注意：beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用1.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave2.Thetwins____tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.arego D.went3.---When____wehavethemeeting?---At8.A.are B.shall C.would D.will4.--When___you___forLondon?--Nextweek.A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;leftThetwinssaidthey_________(wash)clothestomorrow.Hesaidhe________(play)basketballthedayaftertomorrow.Momasked_____Sally______(sing)inthefuture?wouldwashwouldplaywouldsingjusttry过去将来时用法:从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态,常用于宾从。常用时间状语：thenextweek等动词构成：1、would/should+动原

2、was/weregoingto+动原

3、was/were(about)to+动原以work为例：would/shouldwork;was/weregoingtowork;was/were(about)towork否定构成：would/shouldnot…was/werenot…一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从特殊疑问句举例：Heaskedwhattheywoulddothenextweek.六、过去将来时1.用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。2.结构：wouldwas/were/goingto+v.(原型)1.--Whatdidhesayyesterday?--Hesaidhe____toSydneynextweek.A.goes B.willgo C.wouldgo D.aregoing2.--DidyoursonfailhisEnglishexamonceagain?--Yes,buthetoldmehe____hardnextterm.A.studies B.isstudying C.willstudy D.wouldstudy试题：Thetwins___________(wash)already.He________(play)basketballrecently._____Sally______(sing)inthepastfewyears?havewashedhasplayedHassungjusttry现在完成时用法:1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调对现在的影响.2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,inthepastfewyears,ever,sofar,since+过去的点时间,for+段时间动词构成：have/has+过去分词(--ed)Ihaveworkedinthepastfewyears.否定构成：have/hasnot+过去分词Ihavenotworkedinthepastfewyears.一般疑问构成：Have/Has+主语+过去分词Haveyouworkedinthepastfewyears?特殊疑问句举例：

Whathaveyoudone

recently?

HowlonghashelivedinBeijing?备注：暂时性动词不能与for…,since…,Howlong…等表示段时间的短语同时使用。1.用法： 12七、现在完成时现在完成时过去现在影响：作业都做完了，我能出去玩会儿吗？这该死的！我都等了一个小时了，他怎么还不来？过去的动作对现在的影响。I

havefinished

myhomework.

过去的动作持续到现在。Ihavestayedhereforanhour！不规则过去分词gotgottenwentgoneateeatencutcutwerebeendiddonesaidsaid不规则过去分词tooktakenswamswumdrankdrunkputputhadhadcamecomesawseen3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：

共同点：动作都在过去。

不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)Ifinishedmyhomework.(与现在无关的过去动作)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(与现在有关的过去动作)4.易错点：121havegoneto+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）TheyhavegonetoEurope.(Theyarenothere.)havebeento+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）IhavebeentoEurope.(IamnotinEuropenow.)3havebeenin+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。IhavebeeninEuropeforthreeweeks.(IamnowstillinEurope.)25.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.They__________since10yearsago.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhaveknownhavekepthavehad1______you___thenovelthatIlentyoulastweek?

A.Did;finishB.Have;finished

C.Are;finishedD.Do;finish

2He___inourschoolfor20yearsandhe___herein1977.

A.hastaught;cameB.hastaught;hascome

C.taught;cameD.hasteached;hascame

3Theyarelate.Thefilm___forfiveminutes.

A.hasbegunB.hasstarted

C.hasbeenonD.began1.--Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?--Justtwoweeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.--Howlonghaveyou____here?--Since1997.A.arrived B.movedC.come D.lived3.--Ican’tfindmypen.____you____itanywhere?--No.Look!What’sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seen B.Do;see C.Did;seeD.Had;seen4.--I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I__hereforonlyafewminutes.A.willbe B.was C.am D.havebeen5.Iwon’tgotoseethefilmbecauseI____theticket.A.lost B.havelost C.willlostD.didn’tlostThetwinssaidthey_________(wash)already.Hesaidhe________(play)basketballrecently.Momasked_____Sally______(sing)inthepastfewyears?hadwashedhadplayedhadsungjusttry过去完成时用法：1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态(过去的过去)。2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间常用时间状语：bythattime,bytheend

of…，when/before+从句，said/knew/asked的宾从中动词构成:had+过去分词(--ed)

以work为例：hadworked否定构成:hadnot+过去分词一般疑问构成：Had+主语+过去分词+其它？

Yes,Ihad.No,Ihadn’t.特殊疑问句举例：HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?八、过去完成时1.用法：发生在过去的过去的动作。

They

hadgotmarried

whenhecameback.

gotmarriedcameback现在过去过去的过去我来晚了！没希望了！终于结婚了！好幸福呀！现在完成时过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，在此参照点前发生的动作都可以用过去完成时。注意：1.We____learning1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.A.finished B.havefinished C.hadfinished D.finish2.Thetrain____whenwegottothestation.A.leaves B.haveleft C.wereleavingD.hadleft3.Bythetimehereturned,hisson____supper.A.cooksB.hadcookedC.hascooked D.wascookinggetsgotwillgetisknockinghavebeendoessurfwasreadinghaveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoingdoesn'trainwillgoDoplaywillnotcallhasworkedwalkedhadstarted时态综合试题1.Sorry,I____tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.won'tcome B.can'tcomeC.didn'tcome D.shouldn'tcome2.He_______thispenforfiveyears.He______itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasbought D.hashad,bought3.She_________theflowersinthegardenwhenI_________toseeheryesterday.A.watered，went B.waswatering，wentC.watered，wasgoing D.waswatering，wasgoing4.Idon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comes B.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comes D.willcome,willcome5.Johnsaidhe_________supper.Hewasquitefull.A.hadhadB.washaving C.had D.haseaten6.There_________twopartiesnextweek.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave7.It______10yearssinceI______here.A.is,come B.is,havecomeC.was,came D.is,came8.--Katelikeseatingchocolate.--____.Look,sheiseating.A.SoLucydoes B.SodoesLucy C.Sotheydo D.Sodothey9.Kate_________tobeduntilhermother_________back.A.won'tgo,come B.hadn'tgone,cameC.went,came D.didn'tgo,came10.Hisbrother_________fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleft B.hasbeenawayC.left D.willleave11.--Lucy,___you____yourticket?--Notyet.A.di