常用词的用法10

UnitTenjoin,judge,keep,kind,knock,know,knowledgejoin

join连接、参加、加入。短语：joinin参加(作为一个小组成员参加某一活动)；joinsomebodyin(doing)something和某人在一起做某事；jointhearmy参军；join...to把...连接起来；joinup连接起来；bejoinedinmarriage结成夫妇；joininwithsomebodytotakearisk与某人同冒风险；joinmeforacupoftea和我一起喝杯茶；ajoininacoat衣缝；joinupwith汇合；joinhandswith互相合作、携起手来；比较：join指“参加某项活动”时,和takepartin有时是通用的。前者侧重娱乐、欣赏,后者侧重身体力行,参加在其中。但“参加考试”不可说：join或takepartin，而须说：sitfor或take。如：sitfor/takethemaking-upexam参加补考；attend出席,一般只用于出席会。attend短语:attendon侍候、看护；attendto留意、专心于；①We’regoingtohaveasportsmeeting.Howmanyofyouwill___?A.joinitB.joininC.takepartinD.takepart②Inthefirstgamesforthedisabledin1948justtwoteamsofinjuredsoldiers___.A.tookpartinB.joinedinC.tookpartD.attended③Willyoujoinusinthegame?Thankyou,___.A.butwhynotB.butI’drathernotC.andIwon’tD.andI’lljoinDCBjudge

judge法官、判断、断定。短语：I’mnojudgeinsuchmatters.我对这些事是外行；judgehim(tobe)askilledworker断定他是个熟练的工人；judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非；judge(of)somebody评价某人；judgewhetherhewasrightorwrong判断他是对还是错；judgeitsafertogoawaythantostay认为离开比留下较安全；judgethatyouhaveforgottentogo认为你忘记去了；比较：judgesomebody/somethingby根据……判断某人（物），主要用于根据某人的交朋结友、穿着服饰、言语容貌、举止表现等来评判、品评其人，很少表明品评的结果。如：Don’tjudgeamanbyhislooks.judgefrom/on根据……来判断，主要用于依据什么标准、迹象、数量、证据、报告等判定出什么结果。如：Wecanjudgefromthenumberofcarsthattherearenotmanypeopleattheclub.①___whathehassaid,weconsiderhimright.A.JudgedfromB.JudgedbyC.JudgingfromD.Beingjudgedby②___onlybyone’sappearance,I’msure,willhaveyougetjusthalfofhimorless.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TobejudgedD.JudgeCAkeep

keep

保存、保持、继续不断。短语:keepto=stickto/holdto坚持；keepwatch警戒；keepbodyandsoultogether维持生计；keepsomethingfromsomebody隐瞒；keephouse管理家务、当家；keepthehouse(某人)留在家中不外出、暂时看守房屋；keepback保留、阻止；keepoff/stayawayfrom不接近；keepoutof不让进入；keepup坚持、不使(斗志)低落、保持、继续；keepupwith跟上、保持不落后、和……保持一致；keepup(with)继续、保持；catchupwith赶上、追上；keepasecret保守秘密；keepadiary记日记；keepthelaw遵守法律；keepafamily养家；keepapromise信守诺言；keeparecord作记录；keeppigs养猪；keepfit保持健康；keep/prevent/stopsomebodyfromdoingsomething阻止某人做某事；keepintouchwith与……保持联系；keep…as把……作为；beinone’skeep由某人照管；keepout/keepinmind/keepsilence；keepyouwaiting/keephiseyesshut/keepushealthy/keepthecatoutofmystudy/keepthecoldout；（keep的复合结构）；keeper(动物园中的)饲养员、看守人；用法：（1）、keep不接从句、不定式；不接名词（代词）＋不定式；（2）、keeptheboxintheshade是keep+宾语+宾语补足语结构，宾补可以用形容词、副词、分词、介词短语等，意思为“使……处于某种状态”。类似的词有：make/call/elect/consider/choose/name等。比较：（1）、keepdoingsomething不断地做某事,强调动作的连续,不能后接表示瞬间的动词,不能说:Hekeptjumping.keepondoingsomething常用来强调动作的反复,但有时也可表示动作的连续。后可接瞬间或持续动词,后者有表示连续和反复两种情况。如：Hekeptoncoughingwhengivingalecture./Thenaughtyboykeptonstandinginthecourseofthelesson.（2）、keepupwith保持不落后；catchupwith赶上；（3）、keep(on)doingsomething和goondoingsomething的区别在于起点不同:观察事物一开始起时用前者；如：Itkeptrainingallnight.当接受了事物前一段的动作后,从接下来的动作观察时用后者。如：Itwentonraining.（4）、keep/have/leavesomebodydoingsomething都有“让某人做某事”之意,但:keep意为“使某人保持某种动作”,即causesomebodytocontinuedoingsomething,带有使役的意思。如：Don'tkeeptheboycryingthatmuch.have意为“听任某人做某事”,即allowsomebodytodosomething,带有任其行动而不加干预之意。如：HehadTomworkingallnightlong.leave既有allow又有cause的意思,还常保留有本意“离开”。如：Thestepmotherleftthelittlegirlbeggingoutinthestreet.（5）、keepsomebodyfromdoingsomething阻止某人做某事，主要用于否定句和疑问句，from不能省。preventsomebody(from)doingsomething阻止某人做某事，隐含预防之意。stopsomebody(from)doingsomething阻止某人做某事，常指现场的具体行动。①Onlyinthiswaycanyou___yourclassmates,otherwiseyou’llfallbehindinstudy.A.catchupwithB.keepupwithC.stayupwithD.makeupwith②Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Ican’t___you.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdonto③Iwarnedhimto___it,buthewouldn’tlisten.A.keepoutofB.keptoutofC.keepupD.keptoff④Mum,canIputthepeachesinthecupboard?No,dear.Theydon’t___well.Puttheminthefridgeinstead.A.keepB.fitC.getD.lastBAAA①Howlonghaveyou___thecomputer?A.boughtB.gotC.borrowedD.kept②Myfatheralwayskeepsme___whilehehimselfkeeps___.A.smoking;smokingB.tosmoke;tosmokeC.fromsmoking;smokingD.fromsmoking;onsmoking③Innature,alltheanimalshavetheirownwayofhidingthemselvesinplacesto___theirenemies.A.keepawayB.keepC.keepwithD.keepout④Wemustkeeptheroom___beforetheguestsarrive.A.cleaningB.cleanC.cleanedD.beingcleaned⑤Hearingthenews,shecouldn’t___hertears.A.keepbackB.holdbackC.givebackD.keepupDDCBA,Bkind

kind种、类、友好的、和善的。短语：akind/typeof一种、一类（后接单数名词，名词前不用a/an或限定词）；allkindsof各种各样的；bekindtosomebody对……很友好、善良；It'skindofsomebodytodosomething某人做某事真好；kindof+a/an有点、有几分；feelkindoftired觉得有点累；ofakind同一类、不太好的；bekind/good/nice/crueltosomebody对某人友好、善良、残忍；besokindasto劳驾；ofakind同类的、蹩脚的；kindlyman和蔼的人；takekindlyto喜欢、对……有好感；用法：（1）、thiskindofpen和pensofthiskind意思相近,事物是复数或有修饰词时,必须用ofthiskind。whatkindofanimal问动物的种类；whatkindofananimal问这个动物怎么样。sortof/kindof修饰形容词、副词、动词时,意为“有点”。如：Helookskindoftired.asortof/ofasort有点是又不完全是，带有贬义。如：MrLiisasortofteacher.thiskindof+名词(单数或复数)+动词(单数)；名词(复数)+ofthiskind+动词(复数),如:Questionsofthatkindareverydifficult.(a)kindof,kindsof,sort,type,class,form,varietyof后面的名词前一般不用冠词。Willyoubesokindastoanswermeaquestion?劳驾你回答我一个问题行吗?sokindastodo做客套语,表示请求别人做某事。（2）、kind的几种用法：1)、用单数，其后名词可用单数也可用复数，后面的名词也用复数。如：thatkindofapple/books；2)、用复数，后面的名词也用复数。如：threekindsofknives；3)、用单数，前面的指示代词可用复数。如：thesekindofbooks；①___kindofshoesdoyoulike,AorB?A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.Whose②Hereweretwokindsofstamps.Icouldn’tdecide___tochoose.Ilike___.A.which;bothB.what;bothC.which;allD.what;allBAknock

knock敲(门、窗)。短语：knockover弄倒、打翻；knockat/onthedoor敲(门、窗)；knockdown撞倒；knockintosomebody撞在某人身上；knockoutof从……中敲出来；knocksomethingintopieces将……打碎；knockhisheadon/againstthewall头撞在墙上；knocksomebodyoffhisbike把某人从自行车上撞下来；knockabout（物）碰撞；knockoff把……敲落、击倒；aknockat/onthedoor敲门；①Lostinthought,hegot___byapassingbike,unabletostandupforthemoment.A.knockedintoB.knockedoutC.knockedoverD.knockedat②___atthedoorbeforeentering,please.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock③Lostinthought,healmost___acarinfrontofhim.A.knockedintoB.knockedoverC.knockeddownD.knockedoff④Thensheclimbedontothebox,graspedthepoleand___downthebananaswiththepole.A.knockedB.pickedC.tookD.shook⑤Thegirlwasknocked___herbikebyacar.Sheshouted___thedriverangrily.A.on;toB.into;toC.off;atD.in;atCCDAAknow

know知道、懂得、认识。短语和句型：beknownas被称为……(as指主语的身份或职务)；beknownby根据……知道(by表明判断的标准)；knowsomethingfromsomething=tellsomethingfromsomething区分；makeoneselfknown(tosomebody)自我介绍；knowoneself有自知之明；knowforcertainthat…确实知道；knowhimtobebrave知道他是勇敢的；knowhimforaGerman看出他是德国人；knowsomebodybyname只知道某人的名字；knowabout=hearofsomebody/something知道关于某人（事物）的情况；knowofsomebody/something知道有某人（事物）的存在；knowsomebody(to)dosomething知道某人做某事；knowhimtobeayoungman知道他是个年轻人；knowof片面、间接地知道；1）、beknownfor因……而出名(for表示原因)；2）、beknownto为……所熟知(to后接人)；3）、knowsomebodytobe…知道某人是；4）、knowhowtodosomething知道如何做某事；5）、knowsomebodysocheerful知道某人这么高兴；6）、makeitknownthat…把……公布；7）、Itiswellknownthat…众所周知；8）、Iknowthatyouaren’tadoctor我知道你不是医生；用法：（1）、know认识、知道、了解、熟悉,强调“认识”。knowabout知道……的情况。knowabout/of表示间接地“了解、听说、知道”有关情况。如：IknowtheheadmasterbutIdon'tknowabouthim.（2）、know属意识性动词，不能用进行时。作为肯定用法的know几乎不用现在完成时,而只用一般现在时代替。但在否定句中常用完成时表示“至今未了解”。如：We'veneverknownthemtodosuchastupiddeed.（3）、know用现在时,后接宾语+tobe作宾补,to不可省,但tobe一起可省,改为被动式,tobe也可省,如:Heisknown(tobe)agoodworker.know用现在完成时,后接宾语+不定式作宾补,to可要可不要,如:I'veknownhim(to)runfasterthanthat.（4）、know后不能直接跟不定式，know,tell,advise,show,teach,inquire,settle,discuss等后的不定式常由疑问副词what,who,where,how等引出。（5）、Iknowhim(very)well(verywell表示程度，不能用verymuch修饰know)。canknow不合乎习惯，要改为：canlearn如：Wecanknow(改为：learn)allaboutAfrica.（6）、know作“经历、见过、听过”解，只能用于过去时或完成时。如：Heknewbothgrievesandhappiness/Ineverknewsoyoungabodywithsowiseahead.（7）、come/get/begintoknowsomething不能和for短语连用。（8）、在Iknow/remember/think/suppose/expect/believe/imagine/guess等表达方式里，通常不用it。如：It’slate,Iknow（后不能加it）.（9）、aswe/youknow;asisknowntous常作插入语，意思是“就我信所知”，as指代所提到的事。Whatdoyouknowabout/thinkof…?你对……了解些什么（怎么看）？Howdoyoulike…?你对……有多喜欢？（10）、Whichdoyouknow(改为：think)isthebetterofthetwotoys?doyouknow不能作插入语。比较：（1）、know知道，常含有经常性的意味不含思考的过程，“认识”的含义很广，可仅仅表示“知道某人是谁”，也可表示“熟悉”。如：Oneshouldalwaysknowone’sfriendsandenemies.learn知道、听说、得知，强调从不知道到知道的具体变化。如：Ihavelearnedalotofknowledge.recognize认出，表示一时动作的动词，只能用于原来他所认识的人。如：MyhometownhadchangedsogreatlythatIcouldhardlyrecognizeit.realize意识到，是原来不知道到后来有所醒悟的思维过程。如：Herealizeditwasgettingdark.（2）、beknownto表示某人（物）为某人所知、为某人所熟悉。如：Heisknowntobeaskilledworker他以熟练工人而知名。beknownby表示“认识所用的手段或判断标准”。by短语表示行为方式或手段。如：Atreeisknownbyitsfruit.（3）、know是常用词，主要指晓得某一事实，具有某一方面的知识或经验，懂得某种意义等，着重于知道。如：Everychildknowsthattwoandtwomakefour.understand主要指在进行必要的思考后，不仅清楚、正确地认识到某事物的意义和性质，而且了解它所暗含的各种关系，着重于思考过程之后的理解结果。如：Ican’tunderstandhisstealingit.see懂、领会，它强调通过研究、询问、反省而从精神上、心理上或思想上了解、明白、懂、理会到。如：IsawatoncethatIhadmadeamistake.①I___him,butIdon’t___himwell.A.know;knowofB.knowabout;knowC.know;knowD.knowon;knowabout②Who’sthemansittingunderthetree?Idon’t___thisman,butI’ve___him.A.knowof;heardaboutB.know;heardaboutC.know;heardD.knowof;heard③Heknowsverywell___todealwithmen,butwhenhemeetswomen,hedoesn’tknow___todo.A.how;howB.what;whatC.how;whatD.what;how④Couldyoupleaseintroducemetothewriter?Sorry,Idon’t___him,either.Ijust___him.A.know;knowofB.knowof;knowaboutC.knowof;knowD.knowabout;know⑤Speakingofallthesongshehaswritten,Ithinkthisisprobablyhis___one.A.better-knownB.well-knownC.best-knownD.most-knownBBCCAknowledge

knowledge知识、学问。短语：haveagoodknowledgeof对……精通；toone'sknowledge据某人所知；withoutsomebody'sknowledge在某人不知道的情况下；bringtoone'sknowledge让某人知道；cometoone'sknowledge传到某人的耳朵里；Hewassurprisedattheknowledgethathiswifewasdead.得知他妻子已经去世的消息后他很震惊；用法：获得或