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UnitThree常用词用法及配套练习ByLiuDaxun,retiredteacherFromHuangshanMiddleSchoolinclude
include包括。短语:includehimamong(in,with)myfriends把他看作朋友;Everybodyhadsomethingtosay,meincluded/includingme所有的人,包括我在内,都有话要说;用法:(1)、include的两种分词形式表达的形式两样,意思一样。(当所包含的内容在include后时用including。若在其前时用included)。如:YoucanhavetendaysoffincludingSunday./Sundayincluded.在论及整体情况后,如需补充说明“整体所包含的部分”时,常用介词including来引导,including前用逗号。(2)、include属于静态动词,一般不能用于进行时态,类似的有:love/believe/hear/seem/dislike/want/feel/impress/wish等。include后接名词、动名词,不接不定式。如:Ourthree-daytourincludedvisiting/avisitsomewhere.比较:including短语在意思上实际与句中表示一定数量的相关具有同位关系,表示的数量包含在句中相关数量之中。如:Everybodyhadsomethingtosayincludingme/meincluded.besides表示的数量应该加到句中相关数量上去。如:WehavefourcoursesbesidesEnglish.except表示的数量应该从句中相关总量中减去。如:Idesirednothingexcepttoreturnhome.couldn’tcontainoneselfforjoy高兴得不能自制;Tencontainfiveandtwo十可被五和二除尽;contain指“包含的是全体”,而include包含的是部分,包括在内作为整体的一部分。如:Thisbookcontains40maps,includingthreeofGreatBritain.contain是指“实际装进了、容纳了的量而言”,而hold是指本身的“实际容量或容纳能力而言”。如:Thebottlecontainsseveralouncesofliquid,butitholdsaquart.①Thebook___40maps,___threeofGreatBritain.A.contains;containingB.includes;includingC.includes;containingD.contains;including②Presentatthemeetingwereallimportantpeople,___somescientists.A.includedB.andincludedC.includingD.toinclude③Thebookcostme12yuaninall,postage___.A.includedB.includingC.includesD.isincluded④Thoseoldpots,___theonewithaflyingdragononit,___32000Chineseancientcoins.A.included;includeB.containing;containC.including;containD.including;include⑤Vegetablesliketomatoes___richvitamins.Theyaregoodforourhealth.A.containB.containsC.includeD.includesDCCAAcelebrate
celebrate庆祝。短语:celebrateavictory庆祝胜利;celebration庆祝、庆祝会;incelebrationof庆祝;hold/haveacelebration举行庆祝会;forthecelebration为了祝贺、以庆祝;①Thewholefamilyheldagrandparty___hisreturn.A.tocongratulateB.incelebrationofC.celebratedD.inordertocelebrateon②Mydaughterhaspassedtheexam.Congratulations!She’sreallyintelligent.___.A.No,no,sheisnothingB.Oh,thankyou!C.Sometimessheisintelligent.D.Youareright.③We___hispassingthecollegeentranceexam.A.congratulatedhimonB.celebratedhimonC.congratulatedD.celebratedhimfor④Thepress___hisbravenessinfightingthethief.A.congratulatedB.celebratedC.congratulationsD.celebrationBBBApower
power权力、势力、力、力量。短语:doeverythinginone’spowertohelp尽力帮助;powerstation发电站;comeinto/topower掌权、执政;inthepowerof=atthemercyof在……掌握之中、任……摆布;inpower当权;takepower当权、执政;用法:power前有限定词时,其后跟of+动名词。如:Hehasthepoweroforderingusabout.power前无限定词时,其后跟不定式。如:Themanagerhaspowertofireaworker.①Nextcameahorse,swimmingbravely,butwewereafraidthatthe___ofthecurrent(水流)wouldpreventitslandinganywherebeforeitbecameexhausted(耗尽的、疲惫的).A.powerB.forceC.strengthD.energyC②ThestorywrittenbySimonisaboutaman,whoturnedhisgunbackathisfellowfighterswhenhecameinto___.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.official③I’lldoeverythinginmy___tohelpyouout.A.energyB.powerC.rightD.reach④WhenHitler___inGermany,Einsteinfoundthedoorsofstudy___him.A.cameintopower;closedtoB.wasinpower;shuttingagainstC.tookpower;closingtoD.seizedpowers;shutagainst⑤Theillnesshasleftherwith___.A.weakB.littlepowerC.littlestrengthD.littleforceAABCdestroy
destroy破坏、毁坏、分裂。反义词organize短语:destroytheoldworldandbuildthenewone破坏旧世界建设新世界;比较:damage指伤害人或物,使其失去价值、用途或外表,含有对价值或效果造成的损失。如:Thecropswerebadlydamagedbythefloods.harm指物质、精神或肉体上的损害,强调痛苦和损失的影响。如:Theworkershavetheirhearingharmedbythenoiseofthemachines.injure无论是肉体、心灵上,还是价值、名誉的损失都可用。如:Heinjuredanarminacaraccident.destroy彻底毁坏,不能修复使用,有毁灭的意思。ruin破坏、毁坏,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。配套练习:①Anearthquakestruckthisarea,___alotofdamage.A.makingB.causingC.doneD.caused②Hisselfishnessandgreedinessatlastbroughthimto___.A.ruinsB.ruinC.damageD.damagesBB③Hishousewasslightly___inthisflood.A.ruinedB.destroyedC.damagedD.broken④Thehousewhich___inthefirelastyear___.A.destroyed;wasbelongedtomeB.destroyed;belongtoIC.wasdestroyed;belongedtomineD.wasdestroyed;belongedtome⑤Hiscamerawas___byhisson.Hehadtohaveitrepairedatonce.A.hurtB.woundC.destroyedD.damaged⑥Hisbikewassobadly___thatitcouldn’tberepairedatall.A.destroyedB.ruinedC.damagedD.damagingCCDDdecorate
decorate装饰、修饰。短语:Thehallisdecoratedwithredflags礼堂里悬挂着红旗;decorate…withsth用某物装饰……;①Inthewesterncountries,peopleliketodecoratetheirhouses___holly___Christmas.A.with;inB.with;onC.with;atD.about;at②Allthestreetswere___withflagstowelcometheChinesedelegation.A.furnishedB.decoratedC.suppliedD.providedCBserve
serve招待、服务、端上(饭菜等)。短语:serveas=actas=workas充当、担任;serveon担任;Makethepastservethepresent古为今用;servethecitywithgas为城市供应煤气;Thesofaservedtheboyas/forabed沙发用作小孩的床;servetwotermsaspresident任两届总统;servesomebodytea/serveteatosomebody给某人端上茶;Theboxservedasatable箱子用作桌子;WhatmayIserveyouwith?你要什么(售货员)?serveasummonsonsomebody/servesomebodywithasummons向某人送传票;servesomebodywell很好地侍候某人;Letthosewhocandoserveasteachers能者为师;somethingservestodosomething起……作用;用法:servesomebody为某人服务,不用for。Ourcookhas___thefamilyfor20years.A.servedB.servedinC.servedonD.servedasAapply
apply使用、适用。短语:applyforajob求职;applyoneselftosth致力于;applyone’smindto专心于;applytosbforsth适用、向某人申请;applysomethingto把……施用于;配套练习:①Ifyouareinterestedinthejob,youcanwritetoourcompanyand___.A.applyforitB.applyitforC.bidforitD.applytoit②Everyyearmanycollegegraduates___thecompany___ajob.A.appliedto;forB.appliedfor;toC.applyfor;toD.applyto;forADdepend
depend依靠。短语:dependonsomebodytodosomething指望某人做某事;dependonhertobelate/dependonherarrivingontime别指望她不迟到;dependuponit毫无疑问、没错;Heisthemantobedependedupon他这人靠得住;It(all)depends…靠……决定(on可省);用法:(1)、dependon后可接连接副词引导的从句,不能用if,而要用whether引导。意为“依……而定”。如:Thisdependsonwhetherthemedicineiseffective.(2)、dependon/upon和relyon/upon不直接接从句,若要接从句这个从句要放在it之后。如:Idependuponitthathewillwanttocome.①Idon’tthinkheistherightperson___.A.todependonB.thatIcandependC.IcandependonD.tobedepended②Youmaydepend___itwon’thappenagain.A.thatB.onthatC.onitD.onitthat③Wouldyoucomeoverforsupperthisevening?I’dliketo,but___.A.I’llneverknowB.italldependsC.thatdependsonD.mymotherwon’tpromisemeto④I’mplanningtoholdapartyintheopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit___theweather.A.linkswithB.dependsonC.connectstoD.decideson⑤IpromiseIwillgoshoppingwithyoutomorrow.Youcan___.A.dependB.believeC.dependonmeD.bedependedCCDBBentrance
entrance入口、入场、进入。短语:(at)entranceto/oftheschool在学校的入口处;makeone’sentrance入场;Noentrance闲人免进;entrancefree免费入场;anentranceexam入学考试;backentrance后门;entranceinto/tocollege进入大学;enter进入;entry进入、加入;①Congratulationsonyourpassingthecollege___exam!Thankyou.A.enteringB.entranceC.entryD.entered②China’s____intoWTOisahistoriceventinChinesehistory.A.enterB.enteringC.entryD.havingentered③Thechildrenweresurprisedbythesudden___oftheirteacher.A.enterB.entranceC.entryD.comeBCCinvite
invite邀请。短语:invitesomebodytodosomething邀请某人做某事;invitesomebodytosomewhere邀请某人去某地;invitesuggestions/opinionsfromsomebody征求某人的建议(意见);invitesomebodyto/foradinner邀请某人吃饭;invitetroubleindoingsomething做某事是自找麻烦(invite招致);inviteouropinionofherstory征询我们对她的故事的意见;feelinvited感到受吸引;someinvitinggoods一些吸引人的货物;用法:当面邀请某人时用:Willyoucometotheparty?不可说:MayIinviteyoutotheparty.①Hefelt___togoandhavealook.A.invitingB.invitedC.inviteD.beinginvitedB②Beforecarryingouttheplan,we’vedecidedto___suggestionsfromsomeexpertsfirst.A.giveB.inviteC.wantD.askafter③AreyougoingtoattendhisweddingpartyonSaturday?No,evenif___.A.invitingB.toinviteC.havinginvitedD.invited④Don’tbedisappointedfornot___tothepartyforitwasnot___atall.A.inviting;invitingB.invited;invitedC.havingbeeninvited;invitingD.beinginvited;beinginviting⑤Thenumberofscientists___totheconferencewas150,butmanymorecamewithout___.A.invited;invitingB.wereinvited;invitingC.wereinvited;invitationD.invited;beinginvitedBDDCattend
attend出席、参加、看护、照料、服侍。短语:attendto予以关注、护理、处理;attendtoone’swork做(好)自己的工作;attendupon/on侍候、陪(特指医生、护士护理病人,不用on与upon);attendat(church)出席、参加;attend/gotoameeting参加会议;callameeting召集会议;hold/haveameeting举行会议;presideover/chairameeting主持会议;用法:(1)、attend表示去某一个应该去的地方,意为“出席”。如:Ishallbeattendingthemeetingnextweek.还可说:attendschool/church/alecture,不说:attendthecinema/aconcert;(2)、attend后跟名词,意为“注意到、处理”。如:AttendtowhatIamsaying(=payattentionto).(3)、attend作及物动词,常用于被动句子中。如:Ourplanwasattendedwithgreatdifficulty.
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