Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 现在完成时被动语态课件【知识建构+高效助教】高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit3GrammarPresentPerfectPassvieVoicepresent(now)futurepast过去的动作一直持续到现在过去的动作对现在产生影响ThePresentPerfectTenseIhavelivedinChinafor5years.我在中国住了5年。（从5年前到现在，并且现在还在中国）IlivedinChinafor5years.我在中国住了5年。（过去住在中国，现在不在中国）过去的动作一直持续到现在过去的动作对现在产生影响Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven'treadthebookyet.(不了解书的内容)时间状语just;already;ever;never;yet不确定的时间一段时间for3days;since3daysago其他时间thismorning;bynow;sofar肯定式：S+have/has+V-过去分词(done)否定式：S+have/has+not+V-过去分词...一般问句：Have/Has+S+V-过去分词...特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+S+V-过去分词...现在完成时的基本结构“三变”例：Theyhavealreadysolvedtheproblem.原句主语by的宾语宾语主语

谓语由主动被动“三不变”原句意思不变原句时态不变原句主谓宾以外成分不变Theproblem____________________bythem.hasalreadybeensolved被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done被动语态现在完成时have/has+been+doneAnenemyhasbeenslained.一名敌人被击杀。Anallyhasbeenslained.我方队友被击杀。Youhavebeenslained.你被击杀了。ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态的用法用法1:被动动作发生在过去,已经完成,对现在造成影响或产生结果。(already,yet,sofar,bynow)Theletter

(post)already.hasbeenpostedManyhouses

(build)forthepoorsofar.havebeenbuilt用法2:被动动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。(for+一段时间;since；since+段时间+ago)Themachine

(repair)fortwohoursbutitstilldoesn’twork.hasbeenrepairedPapermoney

(use)forover50years.hasbeenused肯定式：S+have/hasbeendone...否定式：S+have/hasnotbeendone...一般问句：Have/Has+S+beendone特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+S+beendone现在完成被动语态的基本结构练习Tomhasinvitedthesingeralready.Thesingerhasbeeninvited(byTom)already.Thesingerhasnotbeeninvited(byTom)yet.Hasthesingerbeeninvited(byTom)yet?Whohasbeeninvited(byTom)?

被动否定一般疑问对宾语提问Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.Readthepassageagainandcompletethesentences.People’slives_________________(change)byonlinecommunitiesandsocialnetworks.Manypeople_______________(help)bytheclub.Jan’slife_________________(improve)greatlybytheInternet.havebeenchangedhavebeenhelpedhasbeenimproved即时训练Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.1.将原句变为否定句。Thechildrenhaven’tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.2.将原句变为一般疑问句。Havethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?3.对原句中的thechildren进行提问。Who

hasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?Exercises1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I_____________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Overtimemymemory___________(develop)somuchthat

IneverforgetanythingI____________(told).3.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications______________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas_____(help)withmedicaloperations.hasdevelopedhavebeentoldhavebeenusedhavebeenfoundbeenputhelped一般进行完成现在过去将来am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehad

beendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone过去将来含情态动词wouldbedone情态动词+be+donewillbebeingdone注意事项1.不及物动词和不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Eg：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Eg:Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.注意事项2.一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉,eg:laughat,operateon,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Eg.:Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.练：Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.注意事项3.如果复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)是由“宾语+省略to的不定式”构成，变为被动语态时，动词不定式前的to要补出来。Eg:帮（help），1感（feel），2听（hear,listento），3让（let，have，make），5看（watch,see,lookat,notice,observe）Eg：Iobservedastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.Astrangerwasobservedtoenterthebuildingjustnow.练：Tom’smothermadeTomcleanhisroombyhimself.Tomwasmadetocleanhisroombyhimself.注意事项4.含有双宾语（直宾：物，间宾：人）的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。以‘人’当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样，以‘物’当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前加to或forEg.:Myunclegavemeapresent.Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncle.Apresentwasgiventomebymyuncle.什么时候用to，什么时候用for？1.give,show,lend,sell,tell,pass,bring,take,teach,offer,pay,promisesthtosb.2.buy,cook,make,find,keep,order,choose,paintsthfor

sb.注意事项5.还有以下情况，用主动语态表被动5.1有些动词通常是及物动词，但是当它们与常与副词well,easily,badly,poorly,nicely,fast,smoothly,等连用表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表被动，这时不用被动语态.Eg：sell(“销售好)”read(好读”)，write(“好写”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，Eg:1)Theticketscosttoomuchandsoldbadly.2).Thepenwriteswell.

3).Canyoulendmeyourpen?Yourpenwritessmoothly.注意事项5.还有以下情况，用主动语态表被动5.1感观系动词eg：feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，主语是物。Eg:1.Theclothfeelssoft.这布料摸起来很软。2.Hiscaketastesgood.他的蛋糕味道很好。3.Goodmedicinetastesbitter.

良药苦口注意事项6.汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.

ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.They’vebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.AkindofnewPChasbeenbuiltwithmorefunctions.n.功能；作用vi.起作用；运转主动语态变被动语态的原则“三变”原句主语by的宾语宾语主语

谓语由主动被动n.电池vt.确认；使确信1.Ihavedownloadedthesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.2.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.3.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?4.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?5.Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?n.文件,档案DiscoveringUsefulStructures(P30)1.因...而改变2....的奇迹3.将...转化为4.多功能新型PC5.下载软件6.丢失身份证7.确认WiFi密码8.按下按钮9.复制文件10.发表关于...的评论11.在线数据库onewPCwithmorefunctionsdownloadthesoftwareloseanidentitycardconfirmtheWiFipasswordpressthebuttoncopythefilemadeacommentaboutonlinedatebase综合练习一、单句语法填空1.Thegovernmentwaspressed

(take)somemeasuresatonce.

2.Itissaidthatthelongtableusedtofunction

abedfortheman.

3.You’dbetterwriteanemail

(confirm)thenews.

4.Anewfil